Cladopyxiineae

Cladopyxis claytonii, photographed by Malin Mohlin.

Belongs within: Peridiniales.

The Cladopyxiineae are a group of dinoflagellates known from the latest Triassic to the present day, characterised by a partiform hyposome with the posterior sulcal homologue consistently within the sulcus.

Characters (from Fensome et al. 1993): Tabulation partiform: first antapical homologue (Y) contacting distalmost postcingular plate (VI); posterior sulcal homologue (Z) within the sulcus, extending further to anterior than posterior intercalary homologue (X), contacting first postcingular homologue (Iu); left and right sulcal plates (Ii, Im) small. Six postcingular plates (Iu, II-VI) present; usually six cingular plates (au, b-e, fi) plus right sulcal homologue (fu); five to eight precingular plates; four to nine climactal plates.

Cladopyxiineae
    |  i. s.: Rhiptocorys Lejeune-Carpentier & Sarjeant 1983 FT93
    |--Scriniocassiaceae [Scriniocassiinae] FT93
    |    |--Parascriniocassis Below 1990 FT93
    |    `--Scriniocassis Gocht 1964 [incl. Eyachia Gocht 1979] FT93
    |         `--S. prisca (Gocht 1979) Below 1990 [=Eyachia prisca] FT93
    |--Lotharingiaceae [Lotharingieae, Lotharingiinae] FT93
    |    |--Saxodinium Below 1990 FT93
    |    `--Lotharingia Below 1990 FT93
    |         `--*L. maubeugei Below 1990 FT93
    |--Mancodiniaceae FT93
    |    |--Luehndea Morgenroth 1970 [Luehndeae, Luehndeoideae, Luehndinae] FT93
    |    |    `--L. spinosa Morgenroth 1970 FT93
    |    `--Mancodinioideae [Maturodiniinae] FT93
    |         |--Mancodinium Morgenroth 1970 FT93
    |         |--Rosswangia Wille & Gocht 1985 FT93
    |         |--Maturodinium Morgenroth 1970 FT93
    |         |    `--M. inornatum Morgenroth 1970 FT93
    |         `--Dinaurelia Wille & Gocht 1985 FT93
    |              `--D. pyrgos Wille & Gocht 1985 FT93
    |--Cladopyxiaceae (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |    |--Beyrichodinium Below 1990 FT93
    |    |--Cladopyxidium McLean 1972 FT93
    |    |--Fibradinium Morgenroth 1968 FT93
    |    |--Freboldinium Below 1990 FT93
    |    |--Glyphanodinium Drugg 1964 FT93
    |    |--Histiocysta Davey 1969 FT93
    |    |--‘Hyalosphaera’ Prauss 1989 non Stevens 1917 (ICBN) FT93
    |    |--Subtilidinium Morgenroth 1968 FT93
    |    |--Walvisia Miles 1990 FT93
    |    |--Wervekodinium Below 1990 FT93
    |    |--Sinodinium Nie 1945 FT93
    |    |    `--S. connectens Nie 1945 S73
    |    |--Acanthodinium Kofoid 1907 FT93
    |    |    `--A. spinosum Kofoid 1907 FT93
    |    |--Palaeophalacroma Schiller 1928 [incl. Epiperidinium Gaarder 1954] FT93
    |    |    `--P. unicincta Schiller 1928 [incl. *Epiperidinium michaelsarsii Gaarder 1954] FT93
    |    |--Druggidium Habib 1973 FT93
    |    |    `--D. deflandrei (Millioud 1969) Habib 1973 FT93
    |    |--Mikrocysta Bjaerke 1980 FT93
    |    |    `--M. erugata Bjaerke 1980 FT93
    |    |--Amphidoma Stein 1883 FT93
    |    |    |--A. acuminatum [=Amphidinium (l. c.) acuminata] S73
    |    |    `--A. caudatum Halldal 1953 S73
    |    |--Microdinium Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
    |    |    |--M. carinatum (Below 1987) Lentin & Williams 1989 FT93
    |    |    |--M. horridum (Below 1987) Lentin & Williams 1989 FT93
    |    |    `--M. ornatum Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
    |    `--Cladopyxis Stein 1883 FT93
    |         |--C. brachiolata Stein 1883 FT93
    |         |--C. caryophyllum (Kofoid 1907) Pavillard 1931 FT93 [=Acanthodinium caryophyllum S73]
    |         |--C. claytonii Holmes 1956 S73
    |         |--C. hemibrachiata Balech 1964 FT93
    |         `--C. quadrispina [=Micracanthodinium quadrispinum (Pavillard) Margalef 1969 (nom. inv.)] S73
    `--Pareodiniaceae [Broomeaceae, Netrelytraceae, Pareodinidae] FT93
         |  i. s.: Cornudinium Pocock 1972 FT93
         |         Tabulodinium Dodekova 1990 FT93
         |         Pluriarvalium Sarjeant 1962 FT93
         |--Pareodinioideae [Pareodinieae, Pareodiniinae] FT93
         |    |--Gochteodinia Norris 1978 FT93
         |    |--Imbatodinium Vozzhenikova 1967 FT93
         |    |--Arkellea Below 1990 FT93
         |    |--Gresslyodinium Below 1990 FT93
         |    |--Protobatioladinium Nøhr-Hansen 1986 FT93
         |    |--Lacrymodinium Albert et al. 1986 FT93
         |    |    `--*L. warrenii Albert et al. 1986 FT93
         |    |--Paragonyaulacysta Johnson & Hills 1973 FT93
         |    |    `--*P. calloviensis Johnson & Hills 1973 FT93
         |    `--Pareodinia Deflandre 1947 FT93
         |         `--P. ceratophora Deflandre 1947 FT93
         `--Broomeoideae FT93
              |--Aprobolocysta Duxbury 1977 FT93
              |--Cantulodinium Alberti 1961 FT93
              |--Kalyptea Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
              |--Netrelytron Sarjeant 1961 FT93
              |--Paraevansia Below 1990 FT93
              |--Paranetrelytron Sarjeant 1966 FT93
              |--Carpathodinium Drugg 1978 FT93
              |    `--*C. predae (Beju 1971) Drugg 1978 FT93
              |--Broomea Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
              |    `--B. ramosa Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
              |--Evansia Pocock 1972 [incl. Crussolia Wolfard & van Erve 1981, Glomodinium Dodekova 1975] FT93
              |    |--E. polyedrica Below 1990 FT93
              |    `--E. spongogranulata Below 1990 FT93
              `--Batioladinium Brideaux 1975 [incl. Necrobroomea Wiggins 1975] FT93
                   |--B. jaegeri (Alberti 1961) Brideaux 1975 RC02
                   |--B. longicornutum (Alberti 1961) Brideaux 1975 FT93
                   `--B. micropodum (Eisenack & Cookson 1960) Brideaux 1975 RC02

Cladopyxiaceae [Amphidomataceae, Cladopyxidaceae, Cladopyxidae, Cladopyxididae, Cladopyxieae, Cladopyxiinae, Cladopyxioideae, Freboldinieae, Freboldiniinae, Freboldinioideae, Microdiniaceae, Microdinidae, Mikrocysteae, Mikrocystinae, Sinodiniaceae, Sinodiniidae, Wervekodiniinae] FT93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i-viii, 1-351.

[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739-760.

[S73] Sournia, A. 1973. Catalogue des espèces et taxons infraspécifiques de Dinoflagellés marins actuels publiés depuis la révision de J. Schiller. I. Dinoflagellés libres. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 48: 1-92.