Dichoporita

Theca of Heliocrinites balticus, from here.

Belongs within: Blastozoa.
Contains: Glyptocystitida, Hemicosmitida.

The Dichoporita are a group of Lower Ordovician to Upper Devonian cystoids. Members of this group bear plates with pore groups crossing the plate boundaries, comprising tubes or folds running perpendicular to said boundaries (Jaekel 1918). Within the Dichoporita, the Glyptocystitida and Hemicosmitida have thecae with plates arranged in regular circlets while the Polycosmitida and Caryocystitida each have thecae composed of numerous irregularly arranged plates (Kesling 1967).

<==Dichoporita
    |  i. s.: Tiaracystis [Tetracystida] J18
    |--+--Glyptocystitida A99
    |  `--Macrocystellidae [Plicata] U67
    |       |--Macrocystella Callaway 1877 A99, U67
    |       |    `--*M. mariae Callaway 1877 U67
    |       `--Mimocystites Barrande 1887 [=Mimocystis Carpenter 1891] U67
    |            |--*M. bohemicus Barrande 1887 [=*Mimocystis bohemicus] U67
    |            `--M. azaisi U67
    `--Irregularia J18
         |--Hemicosmitida K67
         `--+--Polycosmitida [Polycosmites] K67
            |    |--Stichocystis Jaekel 1899 [Stichocystidae] K67
            |    |    `--*S. geometrica (Angelin 1878) [=Caryocystis geometrica] K67
            |    `--Polycosmites Jaekel 1918 [Polycosmitidae] K67
            |         `--*P. bohemicus Jaekel 1918 K67
            `--Caryocystitida [Caryocystites] K67
                 |--Echinosphaeritidae [Echinosphaeridae] K67
                 |    |--Arachnocystites Neumayr 1889 [=Arachnocystis Bather 1889] K67
                 |    |    `--*A. infaustus (Barrande 1887) [=Echinosphaerites infaustus, *Arachnocystis infaustus] K67
                 |    `--Echinosphaerites Wahlenberg 1818 (see below for synonymy) K67
                 |         |--*E. aurantium (Gyllenhaal 1772) (see below for synonymy) K67
                 |         |--E. barrandei K67
                 |         |    |--E. b. barrandei K67
                 |         |    `--E. b. belgicus K67
                 |         |--E. difformis K67
                 |         |--E. ellipticus K67
                 |         |--E. globosus K67
                 |         |    |--E. g. globosus K67
                 |         |    `--E. g. anglicus K67
                 |         |--E. grandis K67
                 |         |--E. granulatus K67
                 |         |--E. gyllenhahli K67
                 |         |--E. kloedeni K67
                 |         |--‘*Deutocystites’ modestus Barrande 1887 [=*Deutocystis modestus] K67
                 |         |--E. pirum K67
                 |         |--E. pogrebowi K67
                 |         `--E. sinensis K67
                 `--Caryocystitidae [Caryocystidae] K67
                      |--Ulrichocystis Bassler 1950 [Ulrichocystidae] K67
                      |    `--*U. eximia Bassler 1950 K67
                      |--Orocystites Barrande 1887 [=Orocystis Bather 1889] K67
                      |    `--*O. helmhackeri Barrande 1887 [=*Orocystis helmhackeri] K67
                      |         |--O. h. helmhackeri K67
                      |         `--O. h. thuringae K67
                      |--Caryocystites von Buch 1846 (see below for synonymy) K67
                      |    |--C. angelini (Haeckel 1896) (see below for synonymy) K67
                      |    |--C. bicompressus K67
                      |    |--C. davisi K67
                      |    |--C. dubius A99
                      |    |--C. esthoniae K67
                      |    |--C. laevis K67
                      |    `--C. lagenalis K67
                      `--Heliocrinites Eichwald 1840 (see below for synonymy) K67
                           |--*H. balticus (Eichwald 1829) [=Echinosphaerites balticus, *Heliocrinus balticus] K67
                           |--H. araneus K67
                           |--H. augustiporus K67
                           |--H. burdigalensis K67
                           |--H. confortatus K67
                           |--H. echinoides K67
                           |--H. fiscellus K67
                           |--H. granatum (see below for synonymy) K67
                           |--H. guttaeformis K67
                           |--H. kweichouensis K67
                           |--H. malaisei K67
                           |--H. ovalis K67
                           |--H. ovum K67
                           |--H. prominens K67
                           |--H. qualus K67
                           |--H. radiatus (Eichwald 1840) (see below for synonymy) K67
                           |--H. rouvillei K67
                           |--H. rugatus K67
                           |--H. stellatus K67
                           |--H. subovalis K67
                           |--H. tenuistriatus K67
                           `--H. variabilis K67

Caryocystites von Buch 1846 [=Amorphocystites Jaekel 1896, Amorphocystis Jaekel 1899, Caryocistites (l. c.), Caryocystis Angelin 1878] K67

Caryocystites angelini (Haeckel 1896) [=*Caryocystis angelini, *Amorphocystis buchi Jaekel 1899, *Amorphocystites buchi, Sphaeronites testudinarius Hisinger 1837 non Hisinger 1826, *Caryocystites testudinarius] K67

Echinosphaerites Wahlenberg 1818 [=Crystallocystis Haeckel 1896, Echinosphaera Angelin 1878, Echinosphora (l. c.); incl. Citrocystis Haeckel 1896, Deutocystites Barrande 1887, Deutocystis Bather 1889, Leucophthalmus Koenig 1825, Trinemacystis Wahlenberg 1818] K67

*Echinosphaerites aurantium (Gyllenhaal 1772) [=Echinus aurantium, *Crystallocystis aurantium, *Echinosphaera aurantium; incl. Sphaeronites citrus Hisinger 1837, *Citrocystis citrus, Leucophthalmus strangwaysi Koenig 1825, Echinosphaera aurantium triactis, *Trinemacystis triactis] K67

Heliocrinites Eichwald 1840 [=Heliocrinus Eichwald 1859; incl. Heliocrinum Haeckel 1896, Heliocystis Haeckel 1896, Heliopirum Haeckel 1896] K67

Heliocrinites granatum [=Caryocystites granatum, Heliocystis (*Heliocrinum) granatum; incl. Sphaeronites testudinarius Hisinger 1826] K67

Heliocrinites radiatus (Eichwald 1840) [=Heliocrinus radiatus, *Heliocystis radiatus, *Heliopirum radiatum] K67

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A99] Ausich, W. I. 1999. Origin of crinoids. In Echinoderm Research 1998 (M. D. Candia Carnevali & F. Bonasoro, eds) pp. 237-242. A. A. Balkema: Rotterdam.

[J18] Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3: 1-128.

[K67] Kesling, R. V. 1967. Cystoids. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. S. Echinodermata 1. General characters. Homalozoa-Crinozoa (except Crinoidea) (R. C. Moore, ed.) vol. 1 pp. S85-S267. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[U67] Ubaghs, G. 1967. Eocrinoids. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. S. Echinodermata 1. General characters. Homalozoa-Crinozoa (except Crinoidea) (R. C. Moore, ed.) vol. 2 pp. S455-S495. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).