Belongs within: Rosales.
Contains: Lecantheae, Urticeae.
The Urticaceae, nettles and related species, are a group of herbs and shrubs (more rarely lianas or trees) found in tropical and subtropical regions. They are characterised by the production of cystoliths (calcium carbonate crystals) in the leaves. In most species, the filaments of the stamens (or staminodes) are inflexed in the bud, eventually inflating with water to force the bud open through turgor pressure, but bud filaments are erect in the southeastern Asian genus Poikilospermum. Flowers are often unisexual but may be bisexual in the herb genus Parietaria, which has the flowers subtended by leaflike bracts that contrast with the chaffy brown perianth and glossy black fruits. Other members of the family include ramie Boehmeria nivea, grown as a source of fibre.
See also: Nettle, where is thy sting?
Characters (from Boufford): Herbs or small shrubs (rarely lianas or trees), herbs annual or rhizomatous perennial, usually pubescent, sometimes with stinging hairs, deciduous. Leaves opposite or alternate and spirally arranged, simple; stipules present or absent; petioles present. Leaf blades paired, equal in size (except in Pilea, which may have unequally paired leaves), dotted with linear or rounded marks formed by cystoliths (variously shaped calcium carbonate crystals inside epidermal cells). Inflorescences axillary or terminal, of paniculately or racemosely arranged cymes, or spikelike. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (staminate or pistillate), staminate and pistillate flowers on same or different plants; perianth hypogynous. Staminate flowers usually pedicellate; tepals 4-5, white or green; stamens 4-5, equaling tepals in number; filaments inflexed in bud, reflexing suddenly as flowers open; anthers basifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen ejected explosively; pistillode 1. Pistillate flowers usually sessile; tepals 2-4, hypogynous, greenish or reddish, distinct or connate; staminodes present or absent; pistil1, 1-locular; placentation basal; ovule1; style present or stigma sessile; stigma linear (rarely capitate); bisexual flowers: tepals 4; stamens 4; pistil1. Fruits achenes, free or loosely or tightly surrounded by persistent, accrescent perianth.
<==Urticaceae
|--Forsskalea AGF98 [Forsskaoleae, Forskohleae HQC03]
| `--F. tenacissima AGF98
|--Parietaria Linnaeus 1753 A61 [Parietarieae HQC03]
| |--P. alsinifolia AGF98
| |--P. cardiostegia KM08
| |--P. cretica PT98
| |--P. debilis Forster 1786 [=Urtica debilis Endl. 1833] A61
| |--P. diffusa Mertens & Koch 1823 PL04
| |--P. hespera H93
| | |--P. h. var. hespera H93
| | `--P. h. var. californica H93
| |--P. judaica B00
| |--P. lusitanica PT98
| `--P. pensylvanica H93
`--Boehmerieae HQC03
|--+--Myriocarpa Benth. 1846 HQC03, KC01
| | `--M. longipes HQC03
| `--+--Lecantheae HQC03
| `--Urticeae HQC03
`--Boehmeria Jaquin 1760 HQC03, A61
| i. s.: B. cylindrica M83
| B. dealbata Cheesem. 1892 A61
| B. glomerulifera BB07
| B. nipononivea NB03
| B. platyphylla H90
| |--B. p. var. platyphylla H90
| `--B. p. var. austroqueenslandica H90
| B. spicata NB03
|--B. calophleba HQC03
`--+--B. macrophylla HQC03
`--+--B. biloba HQC03
`--B. nivea HQC03
Urticaceae incertae sedis:
Soleirolia soleirolii [=Helxine soleirolii] H90
Poikilospermum suaveolens T00, K03
Boehmeriopsis YY22
Droguetia YY22
Gesnouinia YY22
Hemistylis YY22
Astrothalamus YY22
Neraudia YY22
Obetia YY22
Sarcopilea YY22
Achudemia YY22
Chamabainia YY22
Cypholophus YY22
Debregeasia longifolia [incl. Trema (Parasponia) lancifolia Ridl. 1923] S77
Distemon YY22
Fleurya YY22
Girardinia YY22
Gyrotaenia myriocarpa J87
Hesperocnide tenella H93
Laportea YY22
|--L. bulbifera T03
|--L. gigas D16
|--L. interrupta LK14
`--L. terminalis D07
Leucosyke NB03
|--L. capitella K03
`--L. corymbulosa NB03
Maoutia australis NB03
Memorialis YY22
Nanocnide YY22
Pipturus NB03
|--P. argenteus NB03
`--P. repandus F37
Pouzolzia SR07
|--P. aspera SR07
|--P. macrura B00
`--P. zeylanica BB07
Sarchochlamys pulcherrima BB07
Sceptrocnide YY22
Touchardia YY22
Villebrunea YY22
Rousselia YY22
Oreocnide integrifolia NB03
Australina Gaud. 1826 A61
`--A. pusilla Gaud. 1826 A61 (see below for synonymy)
Dendrocnide B00
|--D. excelsa H90
|--D. moroides N91
`--D. photinophylla B00
Antiaris toxicaria C06
Urticicarpum scutellum Reid & Chandler 1933 CBH93
Australina pusilla Gaud. 1826 A61 [incl. A. hispidula Colenso 1886 A61, A. muelleri H90, A. novae-zelandiae Hooker 1854 A61, A. septemdentata Gandoger 1919 A61]
*Type species of generic name indicated
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Last updated: 10 September 2020.
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