Fulgoridae

Black planthopper Desudaba psittacus, copyright Graham Wise.

Belongs within: Auchenorrhyncha.

The Fulgoridae, lanternflies, are a group of medium-sized to large planthoppers in which the head is often remarkably prolonged before the eyes.

Characters (from Carver et al. 1991): Large species, 15 mm or more in length; head often prolonged; clypeus with lateral carinae. Clavus open distally, running full length of fore wing, with numerous cross-veins between anal veins; anal area of hind wings reticulate. Apex of second segment of hind tarsi with ventral row of small dark spines.

<==Fulgoridae
    |--Dichoptera SP02
    |--Eurinopsyche arborea CGW91
    |--Rentinus dilatatus CGW91
    |--Scolops hesperius BM76
    |--Ormenoides venusta BM76
    |--Lycorma delicatula H01
    |--Dictyophora pannonica BM76, H01 [incl. D. pannonica var. diminuta Horváth 1901 H01]
    |--Kelisia perspicillata H01
    |--Eurybregma nigrolineata H01
    |--Metropis flavipes H01
    |--Stiroma albomarginata H01
    |--Birdantis CGW91
    |--Urvillea melanesica Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Nesocharis kalypso Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Leirioessa vitiensis Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Dystheatias beecheyi Kirkaldy 1907 [incl. D. beecheyi var. fuscata Kirkaldy 1907] K08
    |--Quirosia vitiensis Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Nesochlamys vitiensis Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Eurystheus dilatatus WEE70
    |--Pentagramma vittatifrons S38
    |--Ormenis pruinosa S38
    |--Limois RJ93
    |--Phenax RD77
    |--Poiocera P92
    |--Galela [Aphaeninae] MC13
    |    `--G. parva MC13
    |--Phenelia K08
    |    |--P. bicuneata Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |    `--P. tristis Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Callichlamys K08
    |    |--C. muiri Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |    `--C. undulata Kirkaldy 1907 K08
    |--Haplaxius BM76
    |    |--H. crudus F11
    |    |--H. pictifrons E66
    |    `--H. radicis E66
    |--Fulgora GE05
    |    |--F. europaea G20
    |    |--F. lanternaria GE05
    |    `--F. nervosa (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Cicada nervosa L02]
    |--Desudaba C91
    |    |--D. danae C91
    |    |--D. maculata WEE70
    |    `--D. psittacus CGW91
    `--Callinesia K08
         |--C. ornata Kirkaldy 1907 K08
         |--C. pulchra Kirkaldy 1907 K08
         |--C. pusilla Kirkaldy 1907 K08
         `--C. venusta Kirkaldy 1907 K08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[C91] CSIRO. 1991. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[E66] Evans, H. E. 1966. The Comparative Ethology and Evolution of the Sand Wasps. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[F11] Fraga, R. M. 2011. Family Icteridae (New World blackbirds). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 684–807. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[K08] Kirkaldy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391, pl. 4.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SP02] Shcherbakov, D. E., & Yu. A. Popov. 2002. Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781: Order Hemiptera Linné, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc. [=Cimicida Laicharting, 1781, =Homoptera Leach, 1815 + Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 143–157. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[S38] Snodgrass, R. E. 1938. The loral plates and the hypopharynx of Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (8): 228–236.

[WEE70] Woodward, T. E., J. W. Evans & V. F. Eastop. 1970. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 387–457. Melbourne University Press.