Opilio

Opilio parietinus, from here.

Belongs within: Phalangiidae.

Opilio is a genus of phalangiid harvestmen native to the western Palaearctic, with one species O. parietinus more widely introduced. They are commonly associated with rocky, arid and semiarid habitats; species in Europe are commonly associated with built structures.

Characters (from Martens 1978): Truncus penis slender to robust, basal section not demarcated, but truncus mostly narrowed from the basal half distad; two lateral pockets present below shaft-glans junction, opening laterad, dorsad or ventrad. Pedipalp without apophyses, normally proportioned. Tuber oculorum with axes of eyes pointed obliquely upward. Secondary sexual characteristics weakly developed; male with femora thickened in some species; pedipalpal tarsus with ventral row of granules.

<==Opilio Herbst 1798 K14
    |--*O. parietinus (DeGeer 1778) C92 (see below for synonymy)
    |--O. afghanus Roewer 1960 [=O. afganus (l. c.)] SCM18
    |--O. altaicus Roewer 1956 R56
    |--O. arborphilus Snegovaya 2010 SCM18
    |--O. canestrinii (Thorell 1876) (see below for synonymy) D04
    |--O. chinensis Roewer 1956 R56
    |--O. consputus (Simon 1895) [=Phalangium consputum] R23
    |--O. coxipunctus (Sørensen 1912) K14 [=Phalangium coxipunctum R23; incl. O. cypricus Rower 1956 S03, R56]
    |--O. decoratus Koch 1878 R23
    |--O. dinaricus Šilhavý 1938 K14
    |--O. ejuncidus (Thorell 1876) S03 [=Phalangium ejuncidum R23]
    |--O. grasshoffi Staręga 1986 S03
    |--O. hemseni Roewer 1952 [incl. Homolophus azerbaijanicus Snegovaya & Staręga 2008, O. reginae Staręga 1966] SCM18
    |--O. himalincola Martens 1973 S03
    |--O. insulae Roewer 1956 K14
    |--O. kakunini Snegovaya, Cokendolpher & Mozaffarian 2018 SCM18
    |--O. lederi Roewer 1911 K14 [incl. O. redikorzevi Roewer 1956 S03]
    |--O. lepidus (Koch 1878) S03 [=Phalangium lepidum R12]
    |--O. magnus Hadži 1973 S03
    |--O. nabozhenkoi Snegovaya 2010 SCM18
    |--O. ovalis Koch & Berendt 1854 S02
    |--O. pictus Hadži 1973 S03
    |--O. putnik Karaman 1999 K99
    |--O. rutilus Morin 1934 S03
    |--O. ruzickai Šilhavý 1938 S03
    |--O. saxatilis Koch 1839 K14 (see below for synonymy)
    |--O. transversalis Roewer 1956 S03
    |--O. trispinifrons Roewer 1911 R23
    |--O. validus Roewer 1959 K14
    `--O. zichyi Roewer 1923 [=Phalangium scabrum Kulczyński 1901 non Opilio scaber Herbst 1799] R23

Opilio canestrinii (Thorell 1876) [=Phalangium canestrinii; incl. O. aspromontanus Gruber 1964, O. ravennae Spoek 1962, O. zangherii Spoek 1962] D04

*Opilio parietinus (DeGeer 1778) C92 [=Phalangium parietinum D04; incl. O. albidus Pavesi 1873 D04, P. baumii Kollar 1839 D04, Mitopus californicus Banks 1895 CH18, Nitopus (l. c.) californicus CH18, Phalangium cinereum Wood 1870 D04, Opilio leucophaeus Koch 1839 D04, O. longipes Herbst 1798 D04, Phalangium segmentatum Simon 1879 D04]

Opilio saxatilis Koch 1839 K14 [=Phalangium saxatile D04; incl. Metadasylobus bolei Hadži 1973 M78, Opilio bolei D04, O. cavernarum Roewer 1956 D04, O. macedonicus Hadži 1973 D04, O. parietinus silhavyi Kratochvil 1934 D04, O. turcicus Roewer 1956 D04, Phalangium saxatile var. znoiko Morin 1937 S12]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CH18] Cokendolpher, J. C., & R. G. Holmberg. 2018. Harvestmen of the family Phalangiidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) in the Americas. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 67: 1–44.

[C92] Crawford, R. L. 1992. Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 8: 1–60.

[D04] Delfosse, E. 2004. Catalogue préliminaire des Opilions de France métropolitaine (Arachnida Opiliones). Bulletin de Phyllie 20: 34–58.

[K99] Karaman, I. M. 1999. Opilio putnik n. sp., a new harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangiidae) from Montenegro. Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 16 (1–2): 77–82.

[K14] Kurt, K. 2014. Updated checklist of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Turkey. Arch. Biol. Sci. 66 (4): 1617–1631.

[M78] Martens, J. 1978. Spinnentiere, Arachnida: Weberknechte, Opiliones. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Jena.

[R12] Roewer, C.-F. 1912. Revision der Opiliones Palpatores (=Opiliones Plagiostethi). II. Teil: Familie der Phalangiidae. (Subfamilien: Sclerosomini, Oligolophini, Phalangiini). Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg 20 (1): 1–295.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[R56] Roewer, C. F. 1956. Über Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere Weberknechte XIX). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37 (3–4): 247–318.

[S12] Snegovaya, N. Y. 2012. A new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae: Homolophus) from Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan). Fragmenta Faunistica 55 (1): 5–10.

[SCM18] Snegovaya, N. Y., J. C. Cokendolpher & F. Mozaffarian. 2018. The Opiliones of Iran with a description of a new genus and two new species. Journal of Arachnology 46 (1): 69–80.

[S02] Staręga, W. 2002. Baltic amber harvestmen (Opiliones) from Polish collections. Annales Zoologici 52 (4): 601–604.

[S03] Staręga, W. 2003. On the identity and synonymies of some Asiatic Opilioninae (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 52 (2): 91–102.

Last updated: 26 May 2019.