Lepidium

Yellow peppercress Lepidium flavum, copyright Jim Morefield.

Belongs within: Brassicaceae.

Lepidium, pepperworts, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs and shrubs bearing fruits as flattened capsules containing a single seed per chamber (Hickman 1993).

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Annual to shrub; hairs absent or simple. Basal leaves not rosetted, generally petioled, entire to pinnately lobed; cauline leaves short-petioled to sessile, sometimes clasping or surrounding stem. Flowers small; sepals erect or spreading, oblong to ovate, shed early or persistent; petals linear to obovate, generally white, rarely yellowish, sometimes bristle-like or absent; stamens 6, 4, or 2. Fruit dehiscent, oblong to elliptic or obcordate, flat perpendicular to septum; pedicel cylindric or flat, winged or not. Seeds 1 per chamber, gelatinous when wetted; wing narrow or absent; embryonic root at back of one cotyledon, rarely at edges of both.

<==Lepidium Linnaeus 1753 A61
    |--L. africanum GK00
    |--L. apetalum O88
    |--L. aschersonii H90
    |--L. banksii Kirk 1899 [incl. L. banksii var. ovatum Kirk 1899] A61
    |--L. bidentatum [incl. L. bidentoides] SJP60
    |--L. bipinnatifidum D03
    |--L. bonariense H90
    |--L. campestre C55
    |--L. capitatum O88
    |--L. densiflorum H93
    |    |--L. d. var. densiflorum H93
    |    |--L. d. var. elongatum H93
    |    |--L. d. var. macrocarpum H93
    |    |--L. d. var. pubicarpum H93
    |    `--L. d. var. ramosum H93
    |--L. dictyotum H93
    |    |--L. d. var. dictyotum H93
    |    `--L. d. var. acutidens [=L. oxycarpum var. acutidens] H93
    |--L. didymum K10
    |--L. draba C55
    |--L. fasciculatum H90
    |--L. flavum H93
    |    |--L. f. var. flavum H93
    |    `--L. f. var. felipense H93
    |--L. flexicaule Kirk 1882 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--L. foliosum G60
    |--L. fremontii H93
    |    |--L. f. var. fremontii H93
    |    `--L. f. var. stipitatum H93
    |--L. graminifolium H91
    |--L. heterophyllum H93
    |--L. hirtum [incl. L. smithii] C06
    |--L. hypenantion H90
    |--L. hyssopifolium H90
    |--L. jaredii H93
    |--L. kawarau Petrie 1885 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--L. kirkii Petrie 1890 A61
    |--L. lasiocarpum H93
    |--L. latifolium C55
    |--L. latipes H93
    |    |--L. l. var. latipes H93
    |    `--L. l. var. heckardii H93
    |--L. leptopetalum H90
    |--L. lyratogyrum KM08
    |--L. matau Petrie 1887 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--L. meyenii W92
    |--L. monoplocoides H90
    |--L. montanum H93
    |    |--L. m. var. montanum H93
    |    |--L. m. var. canescens H93
    |    `--L. m. var. cinereum H93
    |--L. muelleri-ferdinandi H90
    |--L. naufragorum NL98
    |--L. nitidum H93
    |    |--L. n. var. nitidum H93
    |    |--L. n. var. howellii H93
    |    `--L. n. var. oreganum H93
    |--L. oblongum H93
    |    |--L. o. var. oblongum H93
    |    `--L. o. var. insulare H93
    |--L. obtusatum Kirk 1892 A61
    |--L. oleraceum Forst. f. 1786 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--L. oxycarpum H93
    |--L. oxytrichum H90
    |--L. papillosum H90
    |--L. peregrinum H90
    |--L. perfoliatum H93
    |--L. phlebopetalum H09
    |--L. pinnatifidum H93
    |--L. pseudohyssopifolium H90
    |--L. pseudopapillosum H90
    |--L. pseudotasmanicum H90
    |--L. puberulum KM08
    |--L. ramosissimum H93
    |    |--L. r. var. ramosissimum H93
    |    `--L. r. var. bourgeauanum [=L. densiflorum var. borgeauanum] H93
    |--L. rotundum G04
    |--L. ruderale C06
    |--L. sagittulatum H90
    |--L. sativum PT01
    |--L. sisymbrioides Hook. f. 1864 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--L. strictum H93
    |--L. tenuicaule Kirk 1882 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--L. thurberi H93
    `--L. virginicum ACW01
         |--L. v. var. virginicum H93
         |--L. v. var. medium H93
         |--L. v. var. pubescens H93
         `--L. v. var. robinsonii H93

Lepidium flexicaule Kirk 1882 [incl. L. incisum Banks & Sol. ex Hook. f. 1853 non Roth 1802, Nasturtium neozelandicum Kuntze 1891] A61

Lepidium kawarau Petrie 1885 [=L. sisymbrioides ssp. kawarau (Petrie) Thellung 1906; incl. L. kawarau var. dubium Kirk 1899, L. sisymbrioides var. dubium (Kirk) Thellung 1906] A61

Lepidium matau Petrie 1887 [=L. sisymbrioides ssp. matau (Petrie) Thellung 1906; incl. L. sisymbrioides ssp. matau var. lobulatum Thellung 1906] A61

Lepidium oleraceum Forst. f. 1786 [=Thlaspi oleraceum Poir. 1806, Nasturtium oleraceum Kuntze 1891; incl. Lepidium oleraceum var. acutidentatum Kirk 1899, L. oleraceum var. frondosum Kirk 1899, L. oleraceum var. serrulatum Thellung 1906] A61

Lepidium sisymbrioides Hook. f. 1864 [=Nasturtium sisymbrioides Kuntze 1891; incl. L. sisymbrioides ssp. solandri var. ovatum Thellung 1906 non L. banksii var. ovatum Kirk 1899, L. solandri Kirk 1882, L. sisymbrioides ssp. solandri (Kirk) Thellung 1906, L. sisymbrioides ssp. solandri var. typicum Thellung 1906] A61

Lepidium tenuicaule Kirk 1882 [incl. L. australe Kirk 1882, L. tenuicaule var. australe (Kirk) Kirk 1899, L. tenuicaule var. minor Cheeseman 1911] A61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ACW01] Aguilar, H., C. C. Childers & W. C. Welbourn. 2001. Relative abundance and seasonal occurrence of mites in the family Tydeidae on citrus in Florida. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 376–380. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 7. Middle and South Ironcap, Digger Rock and Hatter Hill. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 49–62.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[G60] Gillham, M. E. 1960. Vegetation of Little Brother Island, Cook Strait, in relation to spray-bearing winds, soil salinity, and pH. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 405–424.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[H09] Heterick, B. E. 2009. A guide to the ants of south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 76: 1–206.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255–260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[K10] Keighery, G. 2010. The naturalised vascular plants of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 299–311.

[KM08] Keighery, G. J., & W. Muir. 2008. Vegetation and vascular flora of Faure Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 75: 11–19.

[NL98] Norton, D. A., & P. J. de Lange. 1998. Hebe paludosa (Scrophulariaceae)—a new combination for an endemic wetland Hebe from Westland, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 531–538.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[PT01] Pemberton, L. M. S., S.-L. Tsai, P. H. Lovell & P. J. Harris. 2001. Epidermal patterning in seedling roots of eudicotyledons. Annals of Botany 87: 649–654.

[SJP60] St. John, H. & W. R. Philipson. 1960. List of the flora of Oeno Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, south-central Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 401–403.

[W92] Wilson, E. O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. Harvard University Press: Belknap (USA).