Margaritidae

Margarites frigidus, copyright Chris J. Lanczycki.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.
Contains: Margarites (Margarites), Margarites (Pupillaria).

The Margaritinae are a group of small marine snails with a thin, internally iridescent shell (Knight et al. 1960).

Characters (from Knight et al. 1960, as Margaritinae): Small, thin shells, iridescent within; conical, turbiniform, or sublenticular; mostly phaneromphalous, a few anomphalous; peristome interrupted and columellar and outer lips usually unthickened; columellar lip only rarely toothed; outer lip not strongly prosocline.

<==Margaritidae [Margaritinae]
    |--Lischkeia Fischer in Kiener 1879 KC60
    |    `--*L. monilifera (Lamarck 1816) [=Trochus moniliferus] KC60
    |--Eosolariella Haas 1953 KC60
    |    `--*E. turbinea (von Ammon 1893) [=Margarita turbinea] KC60
    |--Solarioconulus Cossmann 1918 [=Solariconulus Wenz 1938] KC60
    |    `--*S. nudus (Münster 1841) [=Trochus nudus] KC60
    |--Atira Stewart 1926 KC60
    |    `--*A. ornatissima (Gabb 1864) [=Angaria ornatissima] KC60
    |--Antimargarita Powell 1951 KC60
    |    `--*A. dulcis (Smith 1907) [=Valvatella dulcis] KC60
    |--Granata Cotton 1957 KC60
    |    `--*G. imbricata (Lamarck 1816) [=Stomatella imbricata] KC60
    |--Hybochelus Pilsbry 1889 KC60
    |    `--*H. cancellatus (Krauss 1848) [=Stomatella cancellata] KC60
    |--Olivia Cantraine 1835 (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |    |--*O. otaviana Cantraine 1835 KC60
    |    `--‘Monodonta’ limbata Philippi 1844 [=Craspedotus limbatus, Trochus (Monodonta) limbatus] N79
    |--Tibatrochus Nomura 1940 KC60
    |    `--*T. husaensis Nomura 1940 KC60
    |--Timisia Jekelius 1944 KC60
    |    `--*T. pseudopicta Jekelius 1944 KC60
    |--Tropidomarga Powell 1951 KC60
    |    `--*T. biangulata Powell 1951 KC60
    |--Mirachelus Woodring 1928 KC60
    |    |--*M. corbis (Dall 1889) [=Calliostoma corbis, Euchelus (*Mirachelus) corbis] KC60
    |    `--M. galapagensis McLean 1970 BC01
    |--Gaza Watson 1879 [Gazidae, Gazini] BR05
    |    |  i. s.: G. compta Simone & Cunha 2006 S11
    |    |         G. cubana Clench & Aguayo 1940 S11
    |    |         G. superba (Dall 1881) S11
    |    |--*G. (Gaza) daedala Watson 1879 KC60
    |    `--G. (Callogaza Dall 1881) KC60
    |         `--G. (*C.) watsoni Dall 1881 KC60
    |--Euchelus Philippi 1847 (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |    |  i. s.: E. atratus (Gmelin 1791) H09 [=Trochus atratus H09; incl. Monodonta sulcifera Adams 1853 H08]
    |    |         E. foveolatus (Adams 1853) [=Monodonta foveolata] H09
    |    |         E. granosus (Brazier 1877) [=Clanculus granosus] H09
    |    |         E. instrictus (Gmelin 1791) BW09
    |    |         E. roseola (Nevill 1869) [=Tallorbis roseola] H09
    |    |         E. rubus (Adams 1853) [=Monodonta rubus] H09
    |    |--E. (Euchelus) asper (Gmelin 1791) (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |    |--E. (Antillachelus Woodring 1928) KC60
    |    |    `--E. (*A.) dentiferus (Dall 1889) [=Calliostoma asperrimum var. dentiferum] KC60
    |    |--E. (Nevillia Adams 1868) KC60
    |    |    `--E. (*N.) pictus (Adams 1868) [=*Nevillia picta] KC60
    |    `--E. (Vaceuchelus Iredale 1929) KC60
    |         `--E. (*V.) angulatus Pease 1867 KC60
    |--Garramites Stephenson 1941 KC60
    |    `--*G. nitidus Stephenson 1941 KC60
    `--Margarites Gray 1847 BR17 (see below for synonymy)
         |  i. s.: ‘Margarita’ acuminata C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ albula Gould 1861 C64
         |         ‘*Margarita’ arctica Leach 1819 BR17 [incl. M. arctica var. major C64]
         |         ‘Margarita’ argentata C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ costellata C64
         |         M. funiculata (Carpenter 1864) [=Gibbula funiculata] O27
         |         ‘Margarita’ hillii C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ ianthina Gould 1861 C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ mustelina Gould 1861 C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ obscura C64
         |         M. parcipicta (Carpenter 1864) [=Gibbula parcipicta] O27
         |         ‘Margarita’ purpurata C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ pusilla C64
         |         ‘Margarita’ schantarica C64
         |         M. sordidus O27
         |         M. striatus (Leach 1819) R90 (see below for synonymy)
         |--M. (Margarites) KC60
         |--M. (Bathymophila Dall 1881) KC60
         |    `--M. (*B.) euspira (Dall 1881) [=Margarita euspira] KC60
         |--M. (Cantharidoscops Galkin 1955) KC60
         |    `--M. (*C.) frigidus Dall 1919 KC60
         |--M. (Margaritopsis Thiele 1906) KC60
         |    `--M. (*M.) frielei (Krause 1885) [=Margarita frielei] KC60
         |--M. (Periaulax Cossmann 1888) KC60
         |    `--M. (*P.) spiratus (Lamarck 1804) [=Solarium spiratum] KC60
         `--M. (Pupillaria) KC60

Euchelus Philippi 1847 [incl. Aradasia Gray 1850, Huttonia Kirk 1882 non Pickard-Cambridge 1879, Tallorbis Nevill & Nevill 1869] KC60

Euchelus (Euchelus) asper (Gmelin 1791) [=Trochus asper; incl. T. quadricarinatus Holten 1802, *Euchelus quadricarinatus] KC60

Margarites Gray 1847 BR17 [incl. Eumargarita Fischer 1885 KC60, Margarita Leach 1819 non Leach 1814 KC60, Valvatella Gray in Melvill 1897 non Gray 1857 KC60; Margaritini]

Margarites striatus (Leach 1819) [=Margarita striata non Trochus striatus Linné 1767 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.), Trochus leachii Philippi 1852; incl. Turbo carneus Lowe 1825, Margarita carnea, Trochus cincerarius Fabricius 1780 non T. cinerarius Linnaeus 1758, Margarita cinerea non Turbo cinereus Couthouy 1838, Trochus fabricii Philippi 1852, Turbo incarnatus Couthouy 1838, Margarita incarnata, Trochus margaritus Gray 1826, Margarita undulata trochiformis Möller 1842, Margarita undulata Sowerby 1838, Margarita groenlandica var. undulata, Margarites undulata, Trochus undulatus] R90

Olivia Cantraine 1835 [incl. Craspedotus Philippi 1847 non Schoenherr 1844, Danilia Brusina 1865, Heliciella Costa 1861] KC60

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[R90] Rehder, H. A. 1990. Clarification of the identity of the snail Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791) (Gastropoda: Trochidae). Nautilus 103 (4): 117–123.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.