Corthylini

Yellow-banded timber beetle Monarthrum fasciatum, copyright Katja Schulz.

Belongs within: Curculionidae.
Contains: Conophthorus, Pityophthorus, Corthylus.

The Corthylini are a cosmopolitan group of bark beetles (not found in Australia) characterised by emarginate eyes, a strongly flattened antennal club, and relatively slender tibiae. Members may be divided on the grounds of feeding habits between the phloeophagous Pityophthorina and the xylomycetophagous Corthylina, though the two subtribes are less clearly distinct morphologically. Phloeophagous species dominate in temperate regions whereas xylomycetophagous species are predominantly tropical (Wood 1986).

Characters (from Wood 1986): Frons usually dimorphic, either or both sexes feebly to strongly modified in sculpture and ornamentation; eye emarginate; scape usually elongate, rarely strongly flattened, funicle 1- to 5-segmented, club strongly flattened, sutures present or obsolete, frequently 1 and/or 2 septate; when present, sutures on posterior face little if any displaced toward apex; anterior slope of pronotum usually asperate, anterior margin frequently armed, lateral and basal margins frequently marked by a fine, raised line; procoxae contiguous, tibiae rather slender, their lateral margins rarely armed by more than four socketed teeth; metepisternal spine obsolete, replaced by small, transverse groove, thus making it possible for elytra in locked position to cover at least posterior two-thirds of metepisternum; vestiture usually hairlike, scales rarely present.

Corthylini [Amphicranidae, Araptidae, Corthyli, Pityophthoridae]
    |--Pityophthorina W86
    |    |  i. s.: Dacnophthorus Wood 1975 W86
    |    |           `--*D. clematis [=Gnathophthorus clematis] W86
    |    |         Mimiocurus Schedl 1957 [incl. Micracidendron Schedl 1957, Mimiophthorus Schedl 1957] W86
    |    |           |--*M. acuminatus W86
    |    |           |--M. montanus [=Brachydendrulus montanus, *Mimiophthorus montanus] W86
    |    |           `--‘*Micracidendron’ montanum non Brachydendrulus montanus W86
    |    |         Styphlosoma Blandoford 1904 W86
    |    |           `--*S. granulatum W86
    |    |         Phloeoterus Wood 1984 W86
    |    |           `--*P. burserae W86
    |    |         Araptus Eichhoff 1872 (see below for synonymy) W86
    |    |           |--*A. rufopalliatus W86
    |    |           |--A. argentiniae [=Breviophthorus argentiniae, *Gnathoborus argentiniae] W86
    |    |           |--A. costaricensis W86
    |    |           |--A. eggersi [=*Brachydendrulus eggersi] W86
    |    |           |--A. hymeneae [=*Neodryocoetes hymenaeae] W86
    |    |           |--A. laevigatus [=Pityophthorus laevigatus, *Neopityophthorus laevigatus] W86
    |    |           |--A. limax [=*Sphenoceros limax; incl. *Hypertensus reitteri (n. n.)] W86
    |    |           |--A. novateutonicus [=*Gnathocranus novateutonicus] W86
    |    |           `--A. volastos [=*Thamnophthorus volastos] W86
    |    |         Spermophthorus Costa Lima 1929 W86
    |    |           `--*S. apuleiae W86
    |    |         Pityoborus Blackman 1922 W86
    |    |           `--*P. comatus [=Crypturgus comatus] W86
    |    |         Pityotrichus Wood 1962 [=Pityophilus Blackman 1928 (preoc.)] W86
    |    |           `--*P. barbatus [=*Pityophilus barbatus] W86
    |    |         Gnatholeptus Blackman 1943 W86
    |    |           `--G. shannoni [=Pityophthorus shannoni; incl. *Gnatholeptus mandibularis]
    |    |         Pityodendron Schedl 1953 W86
    |    |           `--*P. madagascarensis W86
    |    |         Sauroptilius Browne 1970 W86
    |    |           `--*S. sauropterus [=Xyleborus sauropterus] W86
    |    |         Phelloterus Wood 1971 W86
    |    |           `--*P. tersus W86
    |    |--Pseudopityophthorus Swaine 1918 CG05, W86
    |    |    |--*P. minutissimus [=Crypturgus minutissimus] W86
    |    |    `--P. pubipennis CG05
    |    |--Dendroterus Blandford 1904 CG05, W86 [incl. Plesiophthorus Schedl 1940 W86, Xylochilus Schedl 1956 W86]
    |    |    |--*D. mexicanus W86
    |    |    |--D. perspectus [=*Plesiophthorus perspectus] W86
    |    |    |--D. sallaei [incl. *Xylochilus insularis] W86
    |    |    `--D. striatus CG05
    |    `--+--Conophthorus CG05
    |       `--Pityophthorus CG05
    `--Corthylina W86
         |--Gnatharus Wood & Yin 1986 W86
         |    `--*G. tibetensis W86
         |--Glochinocerus Blandford 1904 W86
         |    `--*G. retusipennis W86
         |--Brachyspartus Ferrari 1867 [=Thylurcos Schedl 1939] W86
         |    `--*B. moritzi [=*Thylurcos moritzi] W86
         |--Microcorthylus Ferrari 1867 W86
         |    `--*M. parvulus W86
         |--Corthycyclon Schedl 1951 W86
         |    `--*C. ustum W86
         |--Corthylocurus Wood 1966 W86
         |    `--*C. barbatus [=Brachyspartus barbatus] W86
         |--Metacorthylus Blandford 1904 W86
         |    |--*M. nigripennis W86
         |    `--M. velutinus [=*Paracorthylus velutinus] W86
         |--Amphicranus Erichson 1836 [incl. Piezorhopalus Guerin-Meneville 1838, Steganocranus Eichhoff 1878] W86
         |    |--*A. thoracicus [incl. *Piezorhopalus nitidulus] W86
         |    `--A. dohrni [=*Steganocranus dohrni] W86
         |--Tricolus Blandford 1905 [incl. Pterocyclonoides Schedl 1970] W86
         |    |--*T. ovicollis W86
         |    |--T. octodentatus [=*Pterocyclonoides octodentatus] W86
         |    `--T. peltatus W86
         |--Gnathotrichus Eichhoff 1869 (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--G. materiarius (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--G. pilosus (Leconte 1868) W86, B38 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--G. primus [=*Prognathotrichus primus] W86
         |    |--‘Ancyloderes’ saltoni Blackman 1938 B38
         |    `--‘Cryphalus’ sulcatus [=*Gnathotrichoides sulcatus] W86
         |--Gnathotrupes Schedl 1951 (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--*G. bolivianus W86
         |    |--G. caliculus [=*Gnathocortus caliculus] W86
         |    |--G. impressus [=*Gnathoglochinus impressus] W86
         |    |--G. nothofagi [=*Gnathomimus nothofagi] W86
         |    `--G. terebratus [=*Gnathotrypanus terebratus] W86
         |--Monarthrum Kirsch 1866 (see below for synonymy) W86
         |    |--*M. chapuisi W86
         |    |--M. cincinnatum [=*Trypocranus cincinnatus] W86
         |    |--M. comatum [=*Eupteroxylon comatum] W86
         |    |--M. cristatum [=*Cosmocorynus cristatus] W86
         |    |--M. fasciatum W86 [=Bostrichus fasciatus W86, *Corthylomimus fasciatus W86, Pterocyclon fasciatum G38]
         |    |--M. ingens [=*Phthorius ingens] W86
         |    |--M. laterale [=*Pterocyclon laterale] W86
         |    `--M. rufipes [=*Anchonocerus rufipes] W86
         `--Corthylus W86

Araptus Eichhoff 1872 [incl. Brachydendrulus Schedl 1951, Gnathoborus Schedl 1970, Gnathocranus Schedl 1951, Hypertensus Hagedorn in Schedl 1950 (n. n.), Neodryocoetes Eggers 1933, Neopityophthorus Schedl 1938, Sphenoceros Schedl 1939, Thamnophthorus Schedl 1938] W86

Gnathotrichus Eichhoff 1869 [incl. Ancyloderes Blackman 1938, Gnathotrichoides Blackman 1931, Paraxyleborus Hoffmann 1942, Prognathotrichus Bright 1972] W86

Gnathotrichus materiarius [=Tomicus materiarius; incl. *G. corthyloides, Xyleborus duprezi, *Paraxyleborus duprezi] W86

Gnathotrichus pilosus (Leconte 1868) W86, B38 [=Cryphalus pilosus W86, *Ancyloderes pilosus W86, Cryphalus pilosulus Leconte 1868 B38, Pityophthorus pilosulus B38, Pseudopityophthorus pilosulus B38]

Gnathotrupes Schedl 1951 [incl. Gnathocortus Schedl 1975, Gnathoglochinus Schedl 1975, Gnathomimus Schedl 1975, Gnathotrypanus Wood 1968] W86

Monarthrum Kirsch 1866 [incl. Anchonocerus Eichhoff 1878, Corthylomimus Ferrari 1867, Cosmocorynus Ferrari 1867, Eupteroxylon Eggers 1936, Phthorius Eichhoff 1878, Pterocyclon Eichhoff 1869, Trypocranus Eichhoff 1878] W86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B38] Blackman, M. W. 1938. Ancyloderes, a new genus of Scolytidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (7): 204–206.

[CG05] Cognato, A. I., N. E. Gillette, R. C. Bolaños & F. A. H. Sperling. 2005. Mitochondrial phylogeny of pine cone beetles (Scolytinae, Conophthorus) and their affiliation with geographic area and host. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 494–508.

[G38] Gurney, A. B. 1938. Minutes of the 489^th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (4): 111–114.

[W86] Wood, S. L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 10: 1–126.