Stromboidea

Ostrich feet Struthiolaria papulosa, copyright Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

Belongs within: Hypsogastropoda.
Contains: Aporrhaidae, Xenophoridae, Strombidae.

The Stromboidea are a group of often large marine gastropods that exhibit determinate growth with the shell often becoming elaborated around the aperture. In life, stromboids have a characteristic 'hopping' mode of locomotion is which the animal is raised on the muscular column of the foot, using the claw-like operculum as an anchor.

Characters (from Simone 2011): Shell fusiform with determinated growth. Incurrent shell canal. Enlargmement of distance between head base and furrow of pedal gland. Septum separating haemocoel from visceral cavity muscular constituted. Terminal nucleus of operculum. Pallial tentacle in front of anus. Reversion to a thick hypobranchial glans. Loss of pair of longitudinal folds in middle esophagus. Bursa copulatrix of females situated in anterior region of pallial oviduct, originating from genital pore. Females with furrow running in the right side of the head-foot, originating from genital pore.

<==Stromboidea [Leptopoda, Strombacea, Xenophoracea]
    |--+--Cuphosolenus serresianus (Michaud 1828) S11
    |  `--+--Aporrhaidae S11
    |     `--+--Xenophoroidea BR17
    |        |    |--Xenophoridae S11
    |        |    `--Lamelliphorus Cossmann 1916 BR05 [Lamelliphoridae BR17]
    |        |         |--*L. ornatissimus (d’Orbigny 1850) [=Trochus ornatissimus] BR17
    |        |         |--L. supraliasinus (Vacek 1886) TTE93
    |        |         `--L. tortilis (Peron 1900) TTE93
    |        `--+--Strombidae S11
    |           `--Seraphsidae BR17
    |                |--Terebellum Lamarck 1798 S11, BR05 [Terebellinae BR05]
    |                |    |--*T. terebellum (Linnaeus 1758) BR17 [=Bulla terebellum BR17, Conus terebellum H09]
    |                |    `--T. subulatum G20
    |                `--Seraphs Montfort 1810 [=Seraphys (l. c.); Seraphina, Seraphsinae, Seraphyinae] BR05
    |                     |--*S. convolutum (Lamarck 1802) [=Terebellum convolutum] BR17
    |                     `--S. sopitus (Solander in Brander 1766) TTE93
    `--Struthiolariidae [Struthiolariinae, Struthiolarinae] S11
         |--Tylospira scutulata (Gmelin 1791) S11
         |--Perissodonta KB99
         |--Struthiolarella Steinman & Wilckens 1908 [Struthiolarellinae] BR05
         |    `--*S. ameghinoi (Ihering 1899) [=Struthiolaria ameghinoi] BR17
         |--Monalaria Marwick 1926 F27a
         |    `--*M. concinna [=Struthiolaria tuberculata concinna] F27a
         `--Struthiolaria Lamarck 1816 BR17
              |  i. s.: S. acuminata W27
              |         S. calcar H86
              |         S. cincta H86
              |         S. cingulata H86
              |         S. frazeri P61
              |         S. nana Marwick 1926 F27a
              |         S. obesa H86
              |         S. praenuntia Marwick 1926 F27a
              |         S. prior Finlay 1926 F27a
              |         S. scutulata C60
              |         S. spinifera A27
              |         S. sulcata H86
              |         S. tuberculata H86
              |--S. (Struthiolaria) BR17
              |    |--*S. (S.) nodulosa Lamarck 1816 BR17
              |    `--S. (S.) papulosa (Martyn 1784) S11 [=S. (Callusaria) papulosa F27a]
              |         |--S. p. papulosa P61
              |         `--S. p. gigas Sowerby 1842 P61
              |--S. (Callusaria Finlay 1927) F27a
              |    |--S. (C.) callosa F27a
              |    |--S. (C.) spinosa M49
              |    `--S. (C.) subspinosa F27a
              `--S. (Pelicaria Gray 1857) P61
                   |--S. (*P.) vermis Martyn 1784 P61 [=Buccinum vermis P61, S. vernis (l. c.) F27a]
                   |--S. (P.) convexa Marwick 1926 F27a
                   `--S. (P.) tricarinata (Lesson 1830) P61

Stromboidea incertae sedis:
  Thersitea Coquand 1862 [Thersiteidae] BR05
    |--*T. gracilis Coquand 1862 BR17
    `--T. ponderosa (Coquand 1862) TTE93
  Oncoma Mayer 1876 [=Dilatilabrum Cossmann 1904; Dilatilabridae] BR17
    `--*O. meneguzzoi (Mayer 1876) [=Strombus meneguzzoi, *Dilatilabrum meneguzzoi] BR17
  Hippochrenidae BR17
    |--Hippochrenes Montfort 1810 [Hippochreninae] BR17
    |    `--*H. macropterus (Lamarck 1803) [=Rostellaria macroptera] BR17
    `--Wateletia Cossmann 1889 [Wateletiinae, Wateletinae] BR17
         `--*W. geoffroyi (Watelet 1855) [=Rostellaria geoffroyi] BR17
  Rostellariidae BR17
    |--Calyptraphorus Conrad 1857 [Calyptraphorinae] BR17
    |    |--*C. velatus (Conrad 1857) [=Rostellaria velata] BR17
    |    `--C. palliatus (Forbes 1848) TTE93
    |--Tibia Röding 1798 [=Rostellaria Lamarck 1799; Rostellariinae, Rostellarinae, Tibiidae] BR05
    |    |--*T. fusus (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy) BR17
    |    |--‘Rostellaria’ crebricostata Zekeli 1852 (see below for synonymy) F27b
    |    |--‘Rostellaria’ fissurella C64
    |    `--T. insulaechorab Röding 1798 S11
    `--Rimella Agassiz 1841 non Raf. 1819 (ICBN) BR05 [Rimellidae, Rimellinae BR17]
         |--*R. fissurella (Linnaeus 1767) [=Strombus fissurella] BR17
         |--R. cancellata Lamarck 1816 WG71
         `--R. javana Martin 1879 [incl. Cancellaria neavolutella Noetling 1901] PH90
  Pereiraea Crosse 1867 [Pereiraeidae] BR17
    `--*P. gervaisii (Vézian 1856) [=Pleurotoma gervaisii] BR17
  Cassianozyga Bandel 1991 B91
    `--*C. seelandica Bandel 1991 B91
  Hemizyga Girty 1915 B91, HS80 [incl. Strianematina Chronic 1952 KC60]
    |--*H. elegans Girty 1915 KC60
    |--H. decussata Yoo 1988 B91
    |--H. dubia HS80
    `--H. grandicostata HS80

‘Rostellaria’ crebricostata Zekeli 1852 [incl. Mitra cancellata Sow. 1832 nec Bolten 1798 nec Swainson 1821, Voluta cristata Zekeli 1852] F27b

*Tibia fusus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex fusus, *Rostellaria fusus, Strombus fusus; incl. Tibia indiarum Röding 1798] BR17

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A27] Allan, R. S. 1927. The geology and palaeontology of the Lower Waihao Basin, south Canterbury, New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 265–309.

[B91] Bandel, K. 1991. Über triassische "Loxonematoidea" und ihre Beziehungen zu rezenten und paläozoischen Schnecken. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 65 (3–4): 239–268.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C60] Cox, L. R. 1960. Gastropoda: general characteristics of Gastropoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I84–I169. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[HS80] Hoare, R. D., & M. T. Sturgeon. 1980. The Pennsylvanian pseudozygopleurid gastropod genus Gamizyga n. gen. from Ohio and West Virginia. Journal of Paleontology 54 (1): 159–187.

[H86] Hutton, F. W. 1886. The Mollusca of the Pareora and Oamaru systems of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 205–237.

[KB99] Kiel, S., & K. Bandel. 1999. The Pugnellidae, a new stromboidean family (Gastropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 73 (1–2): 47–58.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[M49] Mason, B. 1949. The geology of Mandamus-Pahau district, north Canterbury. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 403–428.

[PH90] Petit, R. E., & M. G. Harasewych. 1990. Catalogue of the superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes and Hanley, 1851 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Nautilus 103 (Suppl. 1): 1–69.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[W27] Waghorn, R. J. 1927. The geology of the Ruakokopatuna Valley, southern Wairarapa. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 226–234.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

Last updated: 3 October 2021.