Heteronyx

Heteronyx sp., from PaDIL.

Belongs within: Melolonthinae.

Heteronyx is a remarkably diverse genus of chafers found in Australia, species of which have toothed tarsal claws.

Characters (from Britton 2000): Small to moderate size (length 3.5–17 mm); tarsal claws with a tooth beneath, sometimes bifid; clypeus not extended forwards and upwards as a reflexed lamina above the labrum; labrum often reflexed upwards and visible before the clypeus as viewed from above; without a vertical median carina in an anterior emargination; maxillae with 5 or 6 inwardly directed, sharp, black teeth on the lacinia; disc of pronotum and elytra usually with a uniform clothing of short, semierect or recumbent setae; antennae 8 or 9-segmented, including an asymmetric club of three very short lamellae; anterior tibiae almost always with 2 teeth on the outer edge in addition to the apical process and never with a minute, acute tooth very close to the base; tarsi without a pulvillus or setose pad between the claws; abdomen almost always with a lateral, longitudinal ridge on each side; elytra usually without longitudinal striae, rarely with more than slightly impressed sutural striae; body colour testaceous, castaneous, piceous or black.

<==Heteronyx Guérin-Méneville 1831 (see below for synonymy) HW92
    |--*H. australis Guérin-Méneville 1831 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. acutifrons Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. additus Blackburn 1909 [incl. H. amoenus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. advena Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. aequaliceps Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. aequalis Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. debilicollis Blackburn 1909, H. taeniensis Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. affinis Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. agrestis Burmeister 1855 HW92
    |--H. agricola Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. alienus Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. alpicola Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. ambiguus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. amboinensis Moser 1920 B00
    |--H. apertus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. aphodioides Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. incultus Blackburn 1889, H. potens Blackburn 1889] B00
    |--H. apicispinosa Heller 1914 B00
    |--H. arcanus Blackburn 1892 [incl. H. umbrinus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. aridus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. aruanus Moser 1920 B00
    |--H. asperatus Moser 1920 B00
    |--H. aspericollis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. asperifrons Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. augustae Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. anceps Blackburn 1889, H. decorus Blackburn 1892] B00
    |--H. badius Macleay 1888 [incl. H. darwini Blackburn 1889, H. macleayi Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. beltanae Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. bidentatus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. blandus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. bolivianus Moser 1919 B00
    |--H. borealis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. bovilli Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. brevior Fairmaire 1883 B00
    |--H. calidus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. callabonnae Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. capillatus Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. castanescens Moser 1924 B00
    |--H. castaneus Blanchard 1846 [incl. H. obscurus Blanchard 1846 non Le Guillou 1844] B00
    |--H. cervina (Boisduval 1835) (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. chlorotica (Gyllenhal 1817) (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. cliens Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. collaris Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. comans Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. concolor Macleay 1871 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. confertus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. constans Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. yilgarnensis Blackburn 1890] B00
    |--H. corpulentus Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. corumbanus Moser 1921 B00
    |--H. costulatus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. crassus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. cribriceps Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. crinitus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. cunnamullae Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. cuyabanus Moser 1919 B00
    |--H. cygneus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. darlingensis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. declaratus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. dentipes Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. dimidiata (Erichson 1842) B00 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. disjectus Blackburn 1910 [incl. H. nudus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. diversiceps Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. doctus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. doddi Blackburn 1908 HW92
    |--H. electus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. elongatus Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. monticola Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. elytrurus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. excisus Blackburn 1890 B00
    |--H. ‘excisa’ Heller 1912 non H. excisus Blackburn 1890 B00
    |--H. exectus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. fervidus Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. fimbriatus Moser 1924 [=H. ciliatus Moser 1920 (preoc.)] B00
    |--H. flavus Blackburn 1890 [incl. H. angustus Blackburn 1890] B00
    |--H. fortis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. fraserensis Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. frenchi Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. froggatti Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. frontalis Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. nitidus Blackburn 1890] B00
    |--H. fulvohirtus Blackburn 1889 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. fumata (Erichson 1842) (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. furvus Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. glabrata (Erichson 1842) [=Silopa glabrata, H. glabratus] B00
    |--H. grandis Blackburn 1900 HW92
    |--H. granulatus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. granulifer Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. granum Burmeister 1855 HW92
    |--H. helmsi Blackburn 1892 [incl. H. waterhousei Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. heynei Moser 1919 B00
    |--H. hirsutosetosus Moser 1920 B00
    |--H. hirsutus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. hirtuosus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. hispidulus Blackburn 1908 HW92
    |--H. horridus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. humilis Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. imitator Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. impar Blackburn 1910 [incl. H. convexicollis Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. incognitus Blackburn 1892 [incl. H. punctipes Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. incola Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. infirmus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. infuscatus Macleay 1871 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. inornatus (Blackburn 1900) [=*Anacheirotus inornatus] HW92
    |--H. insignis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. insularis Fairmaire 1883 B00
    |--H. interioris Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. intrusus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. iridiventris Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. irrasus Lea 1926 HW92
    |--H. jejunus Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. longulus Blackburn 1890, H. lubricus Blackburn 1890] B00
    |--H. johannis Blackburn 1912 HW92
    |--H. labratus Moser 1926 B00
    |--H. laeviceps Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. laminatus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. lateritius Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. validus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. laticeps Burmeister 1855 [incl. H. coatesi Blackburn 1909, H. holosericeus Macleay 1871] B00
    |--H. lilliputanus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. lindi Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. submetallicus Blackburn 1889] HW92
    |--H. lividus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. lobatus Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. viator Blackburn 1890] B00
    |--H. luteolus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. maculatus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. magnus Moser 1924 B00
    |--H. major Blackburn 1910 [incl. H. moestus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. maluensis Brenske 1889 B00
    |--H. marcidus Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. marginatus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. merus Blackburn 1892 [incl. H. oodnadattae Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. metropolitanus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. mimus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. minimus Lea 1926 HW92
    |--H. minutus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. moluccanus Moser 1920 B00
    |--H. montanus Blackburn 1890 [incl. H. miser Blackburn 1910, H. ordinarius Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. mulwalensis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. mundus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. nasutus Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. tridens Blackburn 1892] B00
    |--H. neglectus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. nigella (Erichson 1842) B00 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. nigrescens Blackburn 1909 [incl. H. nubilus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. nigricans Burmeister 1855 [incl. H. comes Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. nigritulus Moser 1926 B00
    |--H. nigrita Blanchard 1850 B00 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. normalis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. novitius Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. obesa Burmeister 1855 [=H. obesus; incl. H. occidentalis Blackburn 1889] B00
    |--H. oblongus Blanchard 1850 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. ohausiana Saylor 1938 B00
    |--H. orbus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. ovatus Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. inconspicuus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. pallidulus Macleay 1871 HW92
    |--H. papuanus Moser 1920 B00
    |--H. parvulus Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. pauxillus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. pellucida Burmeister 1855 [incl. H. distortus Lea 1926, H. scutatus Macleay 1888] B00
    |--H. peregrinus Blackburn 1890 [incl. H. macilentus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. perkinsi Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. piceoniger Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. piceus Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. ponderosus Blackburn 1909, H. spissus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. pilosellus Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. copiosus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. pilosus Blanchard 1846 HW92
    |--H. placidus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. planata Burmeister 1855 (n. d.) B00
    |--H. planiceps Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. posticalis Blackburn 1890 [incl. H. approximans Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. praecox (Erichson 1842) B00 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. proditor Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. proprius Blackburn 1910 [incl. H. austrinus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. prosper Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. protervus Blackburn 1892 [incl. H. tropicus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. proxima Burmeister 1855 B00 [=H. proximus HW92]
    |--H. pubescens (Erichson 1842) (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. pumilus Sharp 1877 B00 [incl. H. brevicornis Blackburn 1889 B00, HW92]
    |--H. punctatissimus Montrouzier 1857 B00
    |--H. puncticollis Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. punctipennis Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. cribripennis Blackburn 1912] B00
    |--H. pustulosus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. pygidialis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. pygmaeus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. quadraticollis Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. queenslandicus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. randalli Blackburn 1890 [incl. H. femoralis Blackburn 1909, H. severus Blackburn 1892] B00
    |--H. rectangulus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. relictus Blackburn 1909 [incl. H. mildurensis Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. rhinastus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. rhinoceros Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. rothei Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. rotundiceps Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. debilis Blackburn 1889] B00
    |--H. rubescens Blanchard 1850 HW92
    |--H. ruficollis Macleay 1871 HW92
    |--H. rofumarginatus Blanchard 1850 HW92
    |--H. rufopiceus Macleay 1888 [incl. H. breviceps Blackburn 1889] HW92
    |--H. rugosipennis Macleay 1871 [incl. H. dux Blackburn 1909, H. incomptus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. rusticus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. salebrosus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. satelles Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. scalptus Blackburn 1890 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. schenklingi Moser 1919 B00
    |--H. sequens Blackburn 1894 [incl. H. ignobilis Blackburn 1910, H. sollicitus Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. setifer Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. sexualis Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. siccus Blackburn 1892 HW92
    |--H. simius Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. simplicicollis Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. simulator Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. intermedius Blackburn 1909, H. thoracicus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. sloanei Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. solidus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. spadicea Burmeister 1855 [=H. spadiceus] B00
    |--H. spretus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. squalidus Blackburn 1908 HW92
    |--H. striatus Blackburn 1909 [incl. H. seriatus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. suavis Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. subferruginea Burmeister 1855 B00 [=H. subferrugineus HW92]
    |--H. subfuscus Macleay 1888 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. subglaber Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. substriatus Macleay 1871 HW92
    |--H. sulcifrons Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. sydneyanus Blackburn 1890 HW92
    |--H. tarsalis Blackburn 1909 [incl. H. griffithi Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. tasmanicus Blackburn 1909 [incl. H. quaesitus Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. tenebrosus Blackburn 1909 HW92
    |--H. tepperi Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. subfortis Blackburn 1908] B00
    |--H. terrena Blackburn 1892 (see below for synonymy) B00
    |--H. tindalei Britton in Houston & Weir 1992 [=H. insularis Lea 1926 non Fairmaire 1883] HW92
    |--H. torvus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. transversicollis Macleay 1888 HW92
    |--H. tridentatus Lea 1924 HW92
    |--H. tristis Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. umbilicatus Fauvel 1914 B00
    |--H. unicolor Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. auricomus Blackburn 1889, H. campestris Blackburn 1910] B00
    |--H. unicus Blackburn 1900 HW92
    |--H. variegatus Blackburn 1889 HW92
    |--H. vicinus Blackburn 1910 HW92
    |--H. victoris Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. socius Blackburn 1909] B00
    |--H. viduus Blackburn 1910 [incl. H. glaber Lea 1926, H. modestus Blackburn 1910] B00
    `--H. zalotus Blackburn 1910 HW92

Heteronyx Guérin-Méneville 1831 [incl. Anacheirotus Blackburn 1900, Cotidia Boisduval 1835, Hostilina Blanchard 1850, Silopa Erichson 1842] HW92

*Heteronyx australis Guérin-Méneville 1831 [=H. castaneus Macleay 1871 non Blanchard 1846, H. conjunctus Blackburn 1910, H. erichsoni Blackburn 1910, H. farinensis Blackburn 1910, H. hackeri Blackburn 1910, H. olliffi Blackburn 1910, H. pseudocastaneus Houston & Weir 1992, H. pubescens Macleay 1871 non Silopa pubescens Erichson 1842, H. vagans Blackburn 1890] B00

Heteronyx cervina (Boisduval 1835) [=Sericesthis cervina, H. cervinus; incl. Silopa tempestiva Erichson 1842, H. tempestivus] B00

Heteronyx chlorotica (Gyllenhal 1817) [=Melolontha chlorotica, Scitala chlorotica; incl. H. fissiceps Blackburn 1890] B00

Heteronyx concolor Macleay 1871 [incl. H. cowelli Blackburn 1894, H. oscillator Blackburn 1890, H. pauper Blackburn 1910, H. puer Blackburn 1910, H. sparsus Blackburn 1889, H. suturalis Blackburn 1895] B00

Heteronyx dimidiata (Erichson 1842) B00 [=Silopa dimidiata HW92; incl. *Cotidia australis Boisduval 1835 non Heteronyx australis Guérin-Méneville 1831 HW92, B00, HW92, Heteronyx fallax Blackburn 1890 B00, H. fraternus Blackburn 1890 B00, H. jubatus Blackburn 1890 B00, H. striatipennis Blanchard 1850 B00]

Heteronyx fulvohirtus Blackburn 1889 [incl. H. dispar Blackburn 1908, H. litigiosus Blackburn 1908, H. rudis Blackburn 1908] B00

Heteronyx fumata (Erichson 1842) [=Silopa fumata; incl. S. hepatica Erichson 1842, Heteronyx laticollis Blanchard 1850, H. rapax Blackburn 1890, H. rubriceps Blanchard 1850] B00

Heteronyx infuscatus Macleay 1871 [incl. H. fictus Blackburn 1910, H. lucidus Blackburn 1910, H. rotundifrons Blackburn 1889] B00

Heteronyx nigella (Erichson 1842) B00 [=Silopa nigella B00; incl. H. holomelaena Blanchard 1850 B00, H. holomelaenus HW92, H. maurulus Blackburn 1910 B00, H. obscurus Le Guillou 1844 B00, H. pinguis Blackburn 1890 B00]

Heteronyx nigrita Blanchard 1850 B00 [=H. nigritus HW92; incl. H. nigrinus Blackburn 1890 B00, H. vacuus Blackburn 1890 B00]

Heteronyx oblongus Blanchard 1850 [incl. H. consanguineus Blackburn 1892, H. dubius Blackburn 1899, H. piger Blackburn 1889, H. raucinasus Blackburn 1889] B00

Heteronyx praecox (Erichson 1842) B00 [=Silopa praecox B00, *Hostilina praecox HW92; incl. H. carpentariae M86, H. testaceus Blackburn 1889 B00]

Heteronyx pubescens (Erichson 1842) [=Silopa pubescens; incl. H. carteri Blackburn 1909, H. deceptor Blackburn 1890, H. gracilipes Blackburn 1889] B00

Heteronyx scalptus Blackburn 1890 [=H. sculptus (l. c.); incl. H. difficilis Blackburn 1912, H. xanthotrichus Blackburn 1910] B00

Heteronyx subfuscus Macleay 1888 [incl. H. sordidus Blackburn 1910, H. subcylindricus Blackburn 1910, H. subvittatus Macleay 1888] B00

Heteronyx terrena Blackburn 1892 [=H. terrenus (l. c.); incl. H. elongatulus Dalla Torre 1912, H. elongatus Blackburn 1909 non Blanchard 1850, H. eremita Blackburn 1909, H. hothamensis Blackburn 1909, H. ingratus Blackburn 1909] B00

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B00] Britton, E. B. 2000. A review of Heteronyx Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 14: 465–589.

[HW92] Houston, W. W. K., & T. A. Weir. 1992. Melolonthinae. In: Houston, W. W. K. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 9. Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea pp. 174–358. AGPS Press: Canberra.

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 21–126.