Caloneurodea

Reconstruction of Paleuthygramma tenuicornis, from Grimaldi & Engel (2005).

Belongs within: Archaeorthoptera.

The Caloneurodea are an extinct group of cursorial insects known from the Late Carboniferous and Permian (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). They are little known with most species represented by few specimens.

Characters (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Antennae long, multisegmented; fore and hind wings with similar shape, venation and texture; wing veins strongly convex and concave, CuA and CuP unbranched and nearly parallel (occasionally fused) in both wing pairs; hind wing with anal area absent; tarsi five-segmented; cerci (where known) unsegmented.

Caloneurodea [Caloneurida]
    |  i. s.: Sypharoptera R02
    |         Sthenarocera R02
    |         Eohymen R02
    |         Tshecalculus R02
    |         Paoliola gourlei R02
    |         Geroneura wilsoni R02
    |         Boltonaloneura Rasnitsyn 2002 R02
    |           `--*B. subtilis (Bolton 1925) [=Caloneura subtilis] R02
    |         Aspidoneura flexa K-P91
    |--Pseudobiella [Permobiellidae] R02
    |--Anomalogrammatidae R02
    |--Amboneuridae R02
    |--Plesiogrammatidae R02
    |--Protokollaria R02 [Protokollariidae RJ93]
    |--Caloneura [Caloneuridae] R02
    |    `--*C. dawnsoni Brongniart 1885 BN02
    |--Euthygrammatidae [Gelastopteridae] R02
    |    |--Gelastopteron gracile R02
    |    `--Euthygramma parallelum Martynov 1938 BN02
    |--Paleuthygramma [Paleuthygrammatidae] GE05
    |    |--P. acutum R02
    |    |--P. tenuicornis GE05
    |    `--P. tenuis K-P91
    `--Apsidoneuridae R02
         |--Homaloptila similis (Meunier 1911) R02, BN02
         `--Apsidoneura R02
              |--A. flexa RJ93
              `--A. sottyi Burnham 1984 RJ93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BN02] Béthoux, O., & A. Nel. 2002. Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov. Zootaxa 96: 1–88.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[K-P91] Kukalová-Peck, J. 1991. Fossil history and the evolution of hexapod structures. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 141–179. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[R02] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002. Cohors Cimiciformes Laicharting, 1781. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 104–115. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

Last updated: 25 May 2022.