Geadephaga

Fortiseode pervalimand, from Jia et al. (2011).

Belongs within: Adephaga.
Contains: Geocharis, Scaritinae, Elaphrinae, Conjunctae, Trachypachini, Carabinae.

The Geadephaga is a lineage of terrestrial, mostly predatory, adephagan beetles supported, albeit weakly, by molecular analysis. Most Geadephaga are classified in the large and diverse family Carabidae; classification within the Carabidae has historically been confused with authors differing substantially in their preferred arrangements. Authors have also differed on whether groups such as Trachypachinae and Cicindelinae should be included within Carabidae or treated as separate families.

The Mesozoic Eodromeinae have mostly been included in a family Trachypachidae with the Trachypachinae but a phylogenetic analysis by Beutel et al. (2013) placed at least some eodromeines outside the geadephagan crown clade. A similar position was occupied by the Jurassic Timarchopsis aquaticus, previously classified in the extinct dytiscoid family Coptoclavidae. Sogdodromeus of the Triassic of central Asia is among the earliest of all known Adephaga (Lawrence et al. 1987). Ademosynoides asiaticus is even older, from the Late Permian or earliest Triassic of Siberia, but its inclusion in the Eodromeinae is more questionable (Beutel et al. 2013). Fortiseode pervalimand from the Later Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, originally classified as an eodromeine, was placed by Beutel et al. (2013) within the carabid crown group.

<==Geadephaga [Geodephaga]
    |--Eodromeinae BW13
    |    |--Sogdodromeus LM87
    |    |--Karadromeus BW13
    |    |--Eodromeus robustus BW13
    |    |--Sinodromeus liutiaogouensis Wang, Zhang & Ponomarenko 2012 BW13
    |    `--Ademosynoides asiaticus Martynov 1936 BW13
    `--+--Timarchopsis Brauer, Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer 1989 [=Necronectes Ponamarenko 1977 (preoc.)] BW13
       |    `--T. aquaticus (Ponomarenko 1977) BW13
       `--Carabidae (see below for synonymy) BW13
            |  i. s.: Carabilarva R02
            |         Protorabus planus P02
            |         Ctenognathus novaezealandiae Fairmaire 1842 H82
            |         Holcaspis WH02
            |           |--H. augustula WH02
            |           |--H. delator WH02
            |           `--H. subaenea WH02
            |         Creobius MC94
            |         Cascellius MC94
            |         Triplosarus E04
            |         Procerus AM07
            |         Glycia castanea [=Cymindis castanea] G89
            |         Trichis pallida G89
            |         Lyonichus G89
            |           |--L. beccarii Gestro 1889 [=Lionychus beccarii] G89
            |           `--L. sulcatus Chaud. 1876 G89
            |         Distichus planus (Bonelli 1813) [=Scarites planus] G89
            |         Eccoptomenus eximius [=Chlaenius eximius] G89
            |         Penthimus obscurus G89
            |         Crasodactylus punctatus G89
            |         Orthomus longulus (Reiche 1855) [=Feronia longula] G89
            |         Syrdenus grayi (Woll. 1862) [=Pogonus grayi; incl. P. fulvus Baudi 1864] G89
            |         Lamprophonus Bates 1889 B89
            |           `--*L. lucens Bates 1889 B89
            |         Liodaptus Bates 1889 B89
            |           `--*L. birmanicus Bates 1889 B89
            |         Oxycentrus Chaud. 1854 [incl. Aegreuter Schmidt-Goeb. 1846 (n. n.)] B89
            |           |--O. angustus Bates 1876 [incl. Argreuter melas Schmidt-Goeb. 1846 (n. n.)] B89
            |           `--O. parallelus B89
            |         Trigonotoma [Trigonotomides] B89
            |           |--T. concinna B89
            |           |--T. dohrnii B89
            |           `--T. lewisii [incl. T. l. var. bhamoensis Bates 1889] B89
            |         Drimostoma rectangulum Chaudoir 1872 B89
            |         Pirantillus Bates 1889 B89
            |           `--*P. feae Bates 1889 B89
            |         Cyphocoleus B89
            |         Onycholabis B89
            |         Peripristus ater [=Thyreopterus ater] B89
            |         Anchista binotata (see below for synonymy) B89
            |         Maoripamborus AY04
            |         Antilliscaris L88
            |         Prodyscherus L88
            |         Diachromus germanus (Linnaeus 1758) VPB11
            |         Metromenus O94
            |         Geocharis SA04
            |         Apoduvalius (Apoduvalius) anseriformis Salgado & Peláez 2004 F05
            |         Platyderus F05
            |           |--P. marduk Anichtchenko 2004 F05
            |           `--P. preciosae Campos & Novoa 2005 F05
            |         Typhlocharis F05
            |           |--T. fozcoaensis Serrano & Aguiar 2005 F05
            |           |--T. gonzaloi Ortuño 2005 F05
            |           `--T. passosi Serrano & Aguiar 2005 F05
            |         Eobroscus lutshniki (Roubal 1928) L98
            |         Promecognathinae [Promecognathini] BB01
            |           |--Palaeoaxinidium [Palaeoaxinidiina] BB01
            |           `--Promecognathina BB01
            |                |--Promecognathus Chaudoir 1846 BB01
            |                |    |--P. crassus LeConte 1868 BB01
            |                |    `--P. laevissimus (Dejean 1829) BB01
            |                `--Axinidium BB01
            |         Gehringia Darling 1933 [Gehringiinae, Gehringiini] BB01
            |           `--G. olympica Darlington 1933 BB01
            |         Thlibops [Scapterini] B55
            |         Tachypus C01
            |           |--T. flavipes C01
            |           `--T. pallipes C01
            |         Pseudotaphoxenus dauricus C01
            |         Lionedrya mongolica C01
            |         Brachynus C01
            |           |--B. barbarus Lucas 1846 E12
            |           |--B. explodens [incl. B. explodens var. glabratus] C01
            |           |--B. fimbriolatus Lucas 1846 E12
            |           |--B. immaculicornis C01
            |           `--B. sclopeta C01
            |         Scaritinae R-JC01
            |         Elaphrinae B14
            |         Loricera Latreille 1802 [Loricerinae, Loricerini] L02
            |           |--L. (Loricera) BB01
            |           |    |--*L. (L.) pilicornis (Fabricius 1775) L02, VPB11 [=Carabus pilicornis L02]
            |           |    |--L. (L.) decempunctata Eschscholtz 1829 BB01
            |           |    `--L. (L.) foveata LeConte 1851 BB01
            |           |--L. (Elliptosoma Wollaston 1854) BB01
            |           `--L. (Plesioloricera Sciaky & Facchini 1999) BB01
            |         Thyreopterinae B55
            |           |--Thyreopterus flavosignatus [incl. T. flavosignatus var. lyratus] B55
            |           `--Thyreopterinus overlaeti [incl. T. overlaeti var. vaneyeni] B55
            |         Cicindinae B14
            |           |--Cicindis horni Bruch 1908 B14
            |           `--Archaeocindis johnbeckeri B14
            |         Siagona [Siagoninae] B14
            |           |--S. brunnipes G89
            |           |--S. dejeani B14
            |           `--S. europaea Dejean 1826 B14
            |         Omophroninae [Omophronini] B55
            |           |--Phrator vittulatus B55
            |           `--Omophron Latreille 1802 (see below for synonymy) BB01
            |                |--O. congoense B55
            |                |--O. limbatum [=Scolytus limbatus] L02
            |                `--O. tesselatum Say 1823 B14
            |         Hiletinae B14
            |           |--Hiletus B14
            |           `--Eucamaragnathus B14
            |                |--E. amapa B14
            |                |--E. batesi (Chaudoir 1861) B14
            |                |--E. brasiliensis B14
            |                `--E. jaws B14
            |         Graphopterus [Graphopterinae] B55
            |           |--G. circumcinctus B55
            |           |    |--G. c. circumcinctus B55
            |           |    `--G. c. lineolatus B55
            |           |--G. congoensis B55
            |           |    |--G. c. congoensis B55
            |           |    `--G. c. monardi B55
            |           `--G. laticollis B55
            |         Pogonophorus Latreille 1802 L02
            |           `--*P. spinibarbis [=Carabus spinibarbis] L02
            |         Omalosoma cyanocinctum B35
            |         Harpalinus AT01
            |         Craspedonotus BB01
            |--+--Conjunctae MW15
            |  `--Fortiseode pervalimand Jia et al. 2011 BW13
            `--+--Trachypachini MW15
               `--Carabinae MW15

Anchista binotata [=Plochionus binotatus; incl. Calleida discophora Chaudoir 1852, Paraphoea signifera Bates 1873] B89

Carabidae [Agridae, Anchomenidae, Apotomidae, Bembidiidae, Brachinidae, Broscidae, Callistidae, Calophaenidae, Carabici, Chlaeniidae, Cicindeletae, Cicindelidae, Cnemacanthidae, Cyclosomidae, Cymbionotidae, Dryptidae, Elaphridae, Feronidae, Gehringiidae, Glyptidae, Harpalidae, Hiletidae, Lebiidae, Loroceridae, Melanodidae, Metriidae, Migadopidae, Nebriidae, Odacanthidae, Omophronidae, Orthogoniidae, Ozaenidae, Panagaeidae, Patrobidae, Paussidae, Peleciidae, Pentagonicidae, Pericalidae, Perigonidae, Pseudomorphidae, Psydridae, Pterostichidae, Scaritidae, Siagonidae, Simplicia, Thyreopteridae, Trechidae, Zuphiidae] BW13

Omophron Latreille 1802 [=Homophron Semenov 1922; incl. Istor Semenov 1922, Paromophron Semenov 1922, Prosecon Semenov 1922] BB01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

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Last updated: 10 November 2018.