Suaeda

Estuary seablite Suaeda esteroa, photographed by Anthony Valois.

Belongs within: Chenopodiaceae.

Suaeda, seablites and seepweeds, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs and shrubs found growing in saline and alkaline soils (Hickman 1993).

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Annuals, perennials, or shrubs, glabrous to hairy. Leaves generally alternate; blade entire, sometimes cylindric or upper surface flat, fleshy, generally glaucous, tip acute or pointed. Inflorescence a cyme; clusters sessile, generally arrayed in compound spikes; bracts leaf-like or reduced, bractlets subtending flowers 1–3, minute, membranous; flowers 1–12. Flowers generally bisexual; calyx radial or bilateral, lobes 5, rounded, hooded, keeled, horned, or wing-margined; ovary more or less lenticular, rounded, conic or with a neck-like extension, stigmas 2–4. Fruit an utricle, enclosed in calyx. Seed horizontal or vertical, lenticular or flat.

<==Suaeda Forsskal ex Scopoli 1777 (nom. cons.) [Suaedeae] W84
    |--S. sect. Heterosperma H93
    |    |--S. calceoliformis [incl. S. depressa var. erecta] H93
    |    `--S. esteroa H93
    `--S. sect. Limbogermen H93
         |--S. californica H93
         |--S. moquinii [incl. S. torreyana var. ramosissima, S. torreyana] H93
         `--S. taxifolia [=S. californica var. taxifolia; incl. S. californica var. pubescens] H93

Suaeda incertae sedis:
  *S. vera W84
  S. aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zoh. 1957 (see below for synonymy) W84
  S. arbusculoides Smith 1969 W84
  S. articulata CV06
  S. australis (Br.) Moq. 1831 (see below for synonymy) W84
  S. baccifera Pallas 1803 W84
  S. corniculata CS77
  S. divaricata O06
  S. linifolia Pallas 1803 W84
  S. maritima [=Chenopodium maritimum Linnaeus 1753] A61
  S. monoica HSS13
  S. novae-zelandiae Allan 1961 (see below for synonymy) A61
  S. palaestina GR98
  S. salina CV06
  S. suffrutescens RH96

Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zoh. 1957 [=Chenopodium aegyptiacum Hasselq. 1757, Enchylaena aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Sprengel 1824; incl. Suaeda baccata Forsskal ex Gmelin 1791] W84

Suaeda australis (Br.) Moq. 1831 [=Chenopodium australe Br. 1810, Chenopodina australis (Br.) Moq. in DC. 1849, Lerchea maritima var. australis (Br.) Kuntze 1891, Schoberia australis (Br.) Meyer ex Steudel 1841, Suaeda maritima var. australis (Br.) Domin 1921; incl. Chenopodium insulare Black 1945] W84

Suaeda novae-zelandiae Allan 1961 [=Su. australis var. nova-zelandica MacKay & Chapman 1954; incl. Salsola fruticosa Forst. f. 1786 non Linnaeus 1763] A61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[GR98] Greuter, W., & T. Raus (eds.) 1998. Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163–174.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[O06] Outes, F. F. 1906. Instrumentos y armas neolíticos de Cochicó (Provincia de Mendoza). Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 277–286.

[RH96] Remaudière, G., & S. E. Halbert. 1996. American species of the genus Brachyunguis Das (Homoptera: Aphididae), including two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 249–255.

[W84] Wilson, P. G. 1984. Chenopodiaceae. In: George, A. S. (ed.) Flora of Australia vol. 4. Phytolaccaceae to Chenopodiaceae pp. 81–317. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Plantago

Greater plantain Plantago major, copyright Robert Flogaus-Faust.

Belongs within: Plantaginaceae.

Plantago, plantains, is a cosmopolitan genus of wind-pollinated herbs.

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Annual or perennial. Stem decumbent to erect. Leaves simple with longitudinal ribs; stipules absent. Inflorescence a spike; flowers each subtended by a bract. Flowers generally bisexual; calyx deeply four-lobed; corolla radial, sometimes bilateral, lobes 4, scarious, persistent; stamens colorless, alternate corolla lobes, epipetalous; ovary superior, ovules several per chamber, style 1, stigma long, hairy. Fruit a capsule, circumscissile more or less at or below middle. Seeds 2–many, gelatinous when wet.

<==Plantago Linnaeus 1753 A61
    |--P. afra PT98
    |--P. albicans Y98
    |--P. aristata H93
    |--P. asiatica MH98
    |--P. aucklandica Hooker 1844 A61
    |--P. barbata A61
    |--P. bellardii BR65
    |--P. coronopus BR65
    |--P. cretica PT98
    |--P. debilis GK00
    |--P. elongata [incl. P. bigelovii, P. elongata ssp. pentasperma] H93
    |--P. erecta [incl. P. bigelovii ssp. californica, P. hookeriana var. californica, P. erecta ssp. rigidior] H93
    |--P. eriopoda H93
    |--P. erosa O88
    |--P. exilis GK00
    |--P. hirtella C06
    |--P. hispidula G04
    |--P. indica H93
    |--P. lagopus PT98
    |--P. lanceolata OP01
    |--P. lanigera Hooker 1864 [incl. P. lanigera var. petriei Cheeseman 1906] A61
    |--P. major [incl. P. major var. pilgeri, P. major var. scopulorum] H93
    |--P. maritima (see below for synonymy) H93
    |--P. media HS98
    |--P. montana C55
    |--P. muelleri A61
    |--P. novae-zelandiae Moore in Allan 1961 A61
    |--P. ovata [incl. P. insularis var. fastigiata, P. insularis] H93
    |--P. patagonica [incl. P. purshii var. oblonga] H93
    |--P. picta Colenso 1890 [incl. P. viridis ms] A61
    |--P. psyllium BR65
    |--P. pusilla H93
    |--P. (sect. Mesembrynia) raoullii Decne in DC. 1852 [incl. P. dasyphylla Colenso 1892] A61
    |--P. rigida RJ11
    |--P. spathulata Hooker 1854 A61
    |--P. subnuda [incl. P. hirtella var. galeottiana] H93
    |--P. subulata C74
    |--P. tasmanica A61
    |--P. tibetica SS72
    |--P. (sect. Microcalyx) triandra Bergg. 1877 [incl. P. hamiltoni Kirk 1879, P. masonae Cheeseman 1921] A61
    |--P. triantha Spreng. 1825 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--P. truncata H93
    |    |--P. t. ssp. truncata H93
    |    `--P. t. ssp. firma H93
    |--P. uniflora Hooker 1854 [=P. triantha var. uniflora (Hooker) Pilger 1937] A61
    |--P. varia BR65
    |--P. virginica [incl. P. rhodosperma] H93
    `--P. weldenii PT98

Plantago maritima [incl. P. maritima var. californica non P. bigelovii ssp. californica, P. maritima var. juncoides] H93

Plantago triantha Spreng. 1825 [incl. P. brownii Rapin 1827, P. carnosa Br. 1810 non Lam. 1791, P. subantarctica Cockayne 1928] A61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[C74] Coineau, Y. 1974. Éléments pour une monographie morphologique, écologique et biologique des Caeculidae (Acariens). Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, nouvelle série, Série A, Zoologie 81: 1–299, 24 pls.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35–47.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[HS98] Husband, B. C., & D. W. Schemske. 1998. Cytotype distribution at a diploid-tetraploid contact zone in Chamerion (Epilobium) angustifolium (Onagraceae). American Journal of Botany 85: 1688–1694.

[MH98] Morikawa, H., A. Higaki, M. Nohno, M. Takahashi, M. Kamada, M. Nakata, G. Toyohara, Y. Okamura, K. Matsui, S. Kitani, K. Fujita, K. Irifune & N. Goshima. 1998. More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 180–190.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[OP01] Olmstead, R. G., C. W. dePamphilis, A. D. Wolfe, N. D. Young, W. J. Elisons & P. A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of Botany 88 (2): 348–361.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95–116.

[RJ11] Rising, J. D., A. Jaramillo, J. L. Copete, P. G. Ryan & S. C. Madge. 2011. Family Emberizidae (buntings and New World sparrows). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 428–683. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[SS72] Singh, V., & H. Singh. 1972. A contribution to the flora of Gangolihat block in Pithoragarh District. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (2): 352–368.

[Y98] Yannitsaros, A. 1998. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28: 77–94.

Apioideae

Celery Apium graveolens, copyright Adam Grubb and Annie Raser-Rowland.

Belongs within: Apiaceae.
Contains: Mulineae, Bupleurum, Pleurospermeae, Perideridia, Scandiceae, Smyrnieae, Aciphylla, Anisotome, Pyramidoptereae, Heracleum, Peucedaneae, Cymopterus, Lomatium.

The Apioideae are a major subgroup of apiaceous plants in which the flowers are pedicelled in umbers, with styles arising from stylopodia, and fruits are distinctly ribbed (Allan 1961).

<==Apioideae [Ammineae, Apieae] DK-DW00
    |--Heteromorpheae DK-DW00
    |    |--Heteromorpha DK-DW00
    |    |    |--H. arborescens DK-DW00
    |    |    `--H. papillosa CV06
    |    `--+--Glia prolifera DK-DW00
    |       `--Anginon DK-DW00
    |            |--A. rugosum DK-DW00
    |            `--A. streyi CV06
    `--+--Bupleurum DK-DW00
       `--+--Pleurospermeae DK-DW00
          `--+--+--Komarovia anisosperma DK-DW00
             |  |--Parasilaus asiaticus DK-DW00
             |  `--‘Hansenia’ Turcz. 1884 nec Karst. 1879 nec Zopf 1883 DK-DW00, KC01
             `--+--Erigenia bulbosa DK-DW00
                `--+--Oenantheae DK-DW00
                   |    |  i. s.: Berula erecta DK-DW00, H93
                   |    |         Neogoezia DK-DW00
                   |    |         Cynosciadium DK-DW00
                   |    |         Lilaeopsis Greene 1891 DK-DW00, A61
                   |    |           |--L. lacustris Hill 1927 [incl. Crantzia lineata Hooker 1853 non Nutt. 1818] A61
                   |    |           |--L. masonii H93
                   |    |           |--L. novae-zelandiae (Dand.) Hill 1927 (see below for synonymy) A61
                   |    |           |--L. occidentalis H93
                   |    |           |--L. orbicularis Hill 1928 A61
                   |    |           `--L. polyantha GK00
                   |    |         Helosciadum DK-DW00
                   |    |           |--H. leptophyllum C55a
                   |    |           `--H. nodiflorum C55b
                   |    |--Perideridia DK-DW00
                   |    `--+--+--Cryptotaenia japonica DK-DW00
                   |       |  `--+--Oxypolis occidentalis DK-DW00
                   |       |     `--Sium DK-DW00
                   |       |          |--S. latifolium DK-DW00
                   |       |          `--S.suave [incl. S. cicutaefolium, S. lineare] C52
                   |       `--+--Oenanthe DK-DW00
                   |          |    |--O. crocata C52
                   |          |    |--O. pimpinelloides H93
                   |          |    `--O. sarmentosa H93
                   |          `--Cicuta DK-DW00
                   |               |--C. douglasii H93
                   |               |--C. maculata H93
                   |               |    |--C. m. var. maculata H93
                   |               |    |--C. m. var. angustifolia [incl. C. occidentalis, C. valida] H93
                   |               |    `--C. m. var. bolanderi H93
                   |               `--C. virosa Linnaeus 1753 UP03
                   `--+--Scandiceae DK-DW00
                      |--+--‘Ligusticum’ canadense DK-DW00
                      |  |--‘Ligusticum’ porteri DK-DW00
                      |  `--Conioselinum DK-DW00
                      |       |--*C. tataricum DK-DW00
                      |       |--C. chinense DK-DW00
                      |       |--C. pacificum H93
                      |       `--C. scopulorum DK-DW00
                      |--+--Smyrnieae DK-DW00
                      |  `--Aciphylleae DK-DW00
                      |       |--Aciphylla DK-DW00
                      |       |--Anisotome DK-DW00
                      |       |--Gingidia DK-DW00
                      |       |--Lignocarpa DK-DW00
                      |       `--Scandia DK-DW00
                      |            |--S. geniculata P04
                      |            `--S. rosifolia W96 (see below for synonymy)
                      `--+--Aegopodium clade DK-DW00
                         |    |  i. s.: Aegokeras [incl. Olymposciadium] DK-DW00
                         |    |         Rhabdosciadium DK-DW00
                         |    |         Grammosciadium DK-DW00
                         |    |         Cyclospermum leptophyllum DK-DW00, K10
                         |    |--Aegopodium DK-DW00
                         |    |    |--A. alpestre DK-DW00
                         |    |    `--A. podagraria HM07
                         |    `--+--Falcaria vulgaris DK-DW00
                         |       `--+--Fuernrohria setifolia DK-DW00
                         |          `--Carum DK-DW00
                         |               |--C. carvi O88
                         |               |--C. multiflorum S98
                         |               `--C. petroselinum C06
                         |--+--+--Conium maculatum DK-DW00
                         |  |  |--+--Prangos pabularia DK-DW00
                         |  |  |  `--+--Smyrniopsis aucheri DK-DW00
                         |  |  |     `--Opopanax hispidus DK-DW00
                         |  |  `--Pimpinella DK-DW00
                         |  |       |--P. anisum KSM06
                         |  |       |--P. peregrina DK-DW00
                         |  |       |--P. saxifraga WH02
                         |  |       `--P. tibetanica O88
                         |  `--+--Capnophyllum dichotomum DK-DW00
                         |     `--+--+--Anethum L. 1753 DK-DW00
                         |        |  |    `--A. graveolens L. 1753 L95
                         |        |  `--+--Ridolfia segetum DK-DW00
                         |        |     `--Foeniculum Mill. 1754 DK-DW00, L95
                         |        |          |--F. officionale BM76
                         |        |          `--F. vulgare Miller 1768 (see below for synonymy) L95
                         |        `--Apium Linnaeus 1753 DK-DW00, A61
                         |             |--A. annuum GK00
                         |             |--A. australe Thouars 1804 (see below for synonymy) A61
                         |             |    |--A. a. var. australe A61
                         |             |    |--A. a. var. angustisectum Wolff 1927 A61
                         |             |    `--A. a. var. latisectum Wolff 1927 A61
                         |             |--A. dulce TG88
                         |             |--A. filiforme (Rich.) Hooker 1852 (see below for synonymy) A61
                         |             |--A. graveolens Linnaeus 1753 CanDoy07
                         |             `--A. nodiflorum CS77
                         `--+--Pyramidoptereae DK-DW00
                            `--+--Arafoe aromatica DK-DW00
                               |--Coriandrum L. 1753 DK-DW00, L95
                               |    `--C. sativum L. 1753 L95
                               |--+--Thyselium palustre DK-DW00
                               |  `--‘Ferula’ assa-foetida DK-DW00
                               |--+--Cnidiocarpa alaica DK-DW00
                               |  |--Cnidium silaifolium DK-DW00
                               |  |--'Ligusticum’ ferulaceum DK-DW00
                               |  `--'Ligusticum’ physospermifolium DK-DW00
                               |--Heracleum clade DK-DW00
                               |    |--Heracleum DK-DW00
                               |    |--Zosima orientalis DK-DW00
                               |    `--Tordylium DK-DW00
                               |         |--T. aegaeum PT98
                               |         |--T. aegyptiacum DK-DW00
                               |         |--T. apulum PT98
                               |         |--T. maximum H91
                               |         `--T. parviflora C55b
                               `--+--Peucedaneae DK-DW00
                                  |--Chymsydia colchica DK-DW00
                                  |--Imperatoria ostruthium DK-DW00 [=Peucedanum ostruthium C55b]
                                  |--+--Endressia castellana DK-DW00
                                  |  `--Seseli DK-DW00
                                  |       |--S. diffusum [incl. S. indicum] VS73
                                  |       |--S. krylovii DK-DW00
                                  |       `--S. libanotis DK-DW00
                                  |--Rocky Mountain umbellifers DK-DW00
                                  |    |  i. s.: Cymopterus DK-DW00
                                  |    |         Lomatium DK-DW00
                                  |    |         Musineon DK-DW00
                                  |    |         Neoparrya DK-DW00
                                  |    |         Podistera nevadensis DK-DW00, H93
                                  |    |         Taenidia DK-DW00
                                  |    |--Shoshonea pulvinata DK-DW00
                                  |    `--+--Zizia aurea DK-DW00
                                  |       `--Thaspium pinnatifidum DK-DW00
                                  `--Arracacia clade DK-DW00
                                       |  i. s.: Dahliaphyllum DK-DW00
                                       |         Donnellsmithia DK-DW00
                                       |         Enantiophylla DK-DW00
                                       |         Coaxana DK-DW00
                                       |         Mathiasella DK-DW00
                                       |--+--'Arracacia’ brandegei DK-DW00
                                       |  |--Coulterophytum laxum DK-DW00
                                       |  |--Prionosciadium turneri DK-DW00
                                       |  `--Rhodosciadium argutum DK-DW00
                                       `--+--Myrrhidendron donnell-smithii DK-DW00
                                          `--Arracacia Bancroft 1828 DK-DW00, L95
                                               |--A. nelsonii DK-DW00
                                               `--A. xanthorrhiza Bancroft 1825 [incl. A. esculenta DC. 1830] L95

Apioideae incertae sedis:
  Tana bojeriana LWT03
  Diplaspis T00
  Dichosciadium T00
  Klotzschia T00
  Stilbocarpa Gray 1854 T00, A61
    `--S. polaris (Homb. & Jacq.) Gray 1854 [=Aralia polaris Homb. & Jacq. ex Hooker 1844] A61
  Azilia eryngioides DK-DW00
  Cortia depressa DK-DW00
  Karatavia kultiassovii DK-DW00
  Lithosciadium multicaule DK-DW00
  Phlojodicarpus popovii DK-DW00
  Spermolepis DK-DW00
    |--S. echinata H93
    `--S. inermis DK-DW00
  Sphaenolobium tianschanicum DK-DW00
  Tommasinia verticillaris DK-DW00
  Mulineae T00
  Coxella Cheesem. & Hemsl. 1911 A61
    `--C. dieffenbachii (Muell.) Cheesem. & Hemsl. 1911 (see below for synonymy) A61
  Ammi AGF98
    |--A. majus AGF98
    `--A. visnaga H93
  Echinophoreae DK-DW00
    |--Echinophora spinosa DK-DW00, C74
    |--Dicyclophora DK-DW00
    `--Pycnocycla DK-DW00
  Deverra triradiata DK-DW00
  Naufraga balearica DK-DW00
  Petroselinum Hill 1756 DK-DW00, L95
    |--P. crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex Hill (see below for synonymy) L95
    |--P. sativum MH98
    `--P. segetum TG88
  Oligocladus CalDow07
  Annesorhiza CalDow07
  Lichtensteinia CalDow07
    |--L. obscura CalDow07
    `--+--L. lacera CalDow07
       `--L. trifida CalDow07

Apium australe Thouars 1804 [incl. A. prostratum Labill. 1804, Petroselinum prostratum DC. 1830] A61

Apium filiforme (Rich.) Hooker 1852 [=Petroselinum filiforme Rich. 1832, A. prostratum var. filiforme Kirk 1899] A61

Coxella dieffenbachii (Muell.) Cheesem. & Hemsl. 1911 [=Gingidium dieffenbachii Muell. 1864, Aciphylla dieffenbachii Kirk 1899, Angelica dieffenbachii Benth. & Hooker 1867, Ligusticum dieffenbachii Hooker 1867] A61

Foeniculum vulgare Miller 1768 [incl. Anethum funiculum L. 1753, F. funiculum (L.) Karsten 1882] L95

Lilaeopsis novae-zelandiae (Dand.) Hill 1927 [=Crantzia novae-zelandiae Gandoger 1918] A61

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex Hill [=Apium crispum Mill. 1768; incl. A. petroselinum L. 1753, Wydleria portoricensis DC. 1829] L95

Scandia rosifolia W96 [=Angelica rosaefolia Hooker 1843 W96, Anisotome rosaefolia Hooker 1853 A61; incl. Ligusticum aromaticum Banks & Solander ms non Hooker 1864 W96]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AGF98] Abd El-Ghani, M. M., & A. G. Fahmy. 1998. Composition of and changes in the spontaneous flora of Feiran Oasis, S Sinai, Egypt, in the last 60 years. Willdenowia 28: 123–134.

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[CalDow07] Calviño, C. I., & S. R. Downie. 2007. Circumscription and phylogeny of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (1): 175–191.

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CanDoy07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[C52] Clarke, J. F. G. 1952. Host relationships of moths of the genera Depressaria and Agonopterix, with descriptions of new species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117 (7): 1–20.

[C74] Coineau, Y. 1974. Éléments pour une monographie morphologique, écologique et biologique des Caeculidae (Acariens). Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, nouvelle série, Série A, Zoologie 81: 1–299, 24 pls.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[DK-DW00] Downie, S. R., D. S. Katz-Downie & M. F. Watson. 2000. A phylogeny of the flowering plant family Apiaceae based on chloroplast DNA rpl16 and rpoC1 intron sequences: towards a suprageneric classification of subfamily Apioideae. American Journal of Botany 87 (2): 273–292.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[HM07] Honek, A., & Z. Martinkova. 2007. A field method for quantifying the grazing activity of slugs, with particular reference to Arion lusitanicus (Mollusca). Malacologia 49 (2): 273–281.

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255–260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[K10] Keighery, G. 2010. The naturalised vascular plants of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 299–311.

[KSM06] King, R. C., W. D. Stansfield & P. K. Mulligan. 2006. A Dictionary of Genetics 7^th ed. Oxford University Press.

[L95] Liogier, H. A. 1995. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: Spermatophyta-Dicotyledoneae vol. 4. Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico.

[LWT03] Liu, M., B-E. van Wyk & P. M. Tilney. 2003. The taxonomic value of fruit structure in the subfamily Saniculoideae and related African genera (Apiaceae). Taxon 52: 261–270.

[MH98] Morikawa, H., A. Higaki, M. Nohno, M. Takahashi, M. Kamada, M. Nakata, G. Toyohara, Y. Okamura, K. Matsui, S. Kitani, K. Fujita, K. Irifune & N. Goshima. 1998. More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 180–190.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95–116.

[P04] Patrick, B. 2004. Parsnip moth established in New Zealand. Weta 27: 8–12.

[S98] Salmeri, C. 1998. Allium brulloi (Alliaceae), a new species from Astypalea (Aegean Islands, Greece). Willdenowia 28: 69–76.

[TG88] Tepfer, D., A. Goldmann, N. Pamboukdjian, M. Maille, A. Lepingle, D. Chevalier, J. Dénarié & C. Rosenberg. 1988. A plasmid of Rhizobium meliloti 41 encodes catabolism of two compounds from root exudate of Calystegium sepium. Journal of Bacteriology 170 (3): 1153–1161.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.

[UP03] Uniyal, B. P., & P. C. Pant. 2003. Cicuta virosa L. (Apiaceae)—a rare species from Jammu & Kashmir. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45 (1–4): 229–231.

[VS73] Vyas, K. J., & G. L. Shah. 1973. Some interesting plants of Gujarat State. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 684–686.

[W96] Webb, C. J. 1996. A rose by any other name: two problems of scent in the naming and typification of New Zealand plants. New Zealand Journal of Botany 34: 281–283.

[WH02] Wolfert, H. P., P. W. F. M. Hommel, A. H. Prins & M. H. Stern. 2002. The formation of natural levees as a disturbance process significant to the conservation of riverine pastures. Landscape Ecology 17 (Suppl. 1): 47–57.

Actiniaria

Halcurias pilatus, from Actiniaria.com.

Belongs within: Hexacorallia.
Contains: Actinostoloidea, Actinioidea, Metridioidea, Edwardsiidae.

The Actiniaria, sea anemones, are a diverse group of soft-bodied anthozoans characterised by the presence of three triangular, apical flaps on the nematocysts that flex outwards during discharge (Rodríguez et al. 2014).

<==Actiniaria [Actiniae, Athenaria, Nynantheae] RB14
    |--Enthemonae [Acontiaria, Mesomyaria, Ptychodacteae, Ptychodactiaria, Thenaria] RB14
    |    |  i. s.: Spongiactinidae RB14
    |    |--Actinostoloidea RB14
    |    `--+--Actinioidea RB14
    |       `--Metridioidea RB14
    `--Anenthemonae RB14
         |--Edwardsiidae RB14
         `--Actinernoidea [Actinernidae, Endocoelantheae] RB14
              |--Synhalcurias laevis RB14
              `--+--Actinernus antarcticus RB14
                 `--+--Isactinernus quadrilobatus RB14
                    `--Halcurias [Halcuriidae] RB14
                         `--H. pilatus RB14

Actiniaria incertae sedis:
  Triga philippinesis Gray 1867 RL03
  Isactinia HS01
    |--I. olivacea HS01
    `--I. tenebrosa O81
  Paractis HS01
    |--P. ferox HS01
    `--P. papaver H15
  Rhodactis H94
    |--R. rhodostoma H94
    `--R. sancti-thomae T87
  Heliactis H04
    |--H. bellis H04
    `--H. troglodytes H04
  Mesacmaea stellata H04
  Cylista impatiens H04
  Bunodes H04
    |--B. monilifera H04
    `--B. thallia H04
  Anthea cereus H04
  Actinoloba dianthus H04
  Tealia S77
    |--T. crassicornis (Gosse 1858) S77
    `--T. lofotensis (Gosse 1858) S77
  Aulactinia capitata CS77
  Gephyra dohrni PP64
  Eloactis mazeli PP64
  Oulactis muscosa H15
  Mackenzia costalis Walcott 1911 NS93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.

[H94] Humes, A. G. 1994. Two species of Paramolgus (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Lichomolgidae) associated with the scleractinian Pavona in New Caledonia with a key to the females of Paramolgus. Beaufortia 44 (1): 1–9.

[NS93] Nudds, J. R., & J. J. Sepkoski Jr. 1993. Coelenterata. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 101–124. Chapman & Hall: London.

[O81] O'Brien, C. O. 1981. A. A. Book of New Zealand Wildlife: A guide to the native and introduced animals of New Zealand. Lansdowne Press: Auckland.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[RB14] Rodríguez, E., M. S. Barbeitos, M. R. Brugler, L. M. Crowley, A. Grajales, L. Gusmão, V. Häussermann, A. Reft & M. Daly. 2014. Hidden among sea anemones: the first comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of the order Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) reveals a novel group of hexacorals. PLoS One 9 (5): e96998.

[RL03] Ryland, J. S., & J. E. Lancaster. 2003. Revision of methods for separating species of Protopalythoa (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea) in the tropical West Pacific. Invertebrate Systematics 17: 407–428.

[S77] Salo, S. 1977. Observations on feeding, chemoreception and toxins in two species of Epitonium. Veliger 20 (2): 168–172.

[T87] Trench, R. K. 1987. Dinoflagellates in non-parasitic symbioses. In: Taylor, F. J. R. (ed.) The Biology of Dinoflagellates pp. 530–570. Blackwell Scientific.

Phaeophyceae

Ishige okamurae, copyright Yukihiko Serisawa.

Belongs within: Chrysista.
Contains: Dictyotaceae, Sphacelariales, Fucophycidae.

The Phaeophyceae, brown algae, are a group of marine, multicellular algae with thalli containing pigments that give them an olive-green to black-brown coloration.

Characters (from Adl et al. 2012): Filamentous, syntagmatic, parenchymatous or ciliated; swimming cells with two cilia usually inserted laterally—one anteriorly directed and one posteriorly directed; usually four microtubular kinetosomal roots but no striated kinetosomal root or rhizoplast; ciliary transitional helix typically with six gyres located above the major transitional plate; no paraciliary rod; little to no substantial tissue differentiation occurring in parenchymatous forms; cell wall present, containing alginate compounds and cellulose; plasmodesmata or pores between cells in parenchymatous forms; chloroplasts with girdle lamella; outer chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum membrane with direct membrane connection to the outer nuclear envelope membrane; plastid DNA with ring-type genophore; eyespots present or absent; plastid pigments include chlorophylls a and c_1,2, fucoxanthin, and violaxanthin.

Phaeophyceae [Cyclindaceae, Fuci, Fucophyceae, Melanophyceae, Melanophycidae, Phaeophycophyta, Phaeophyta]
    |  i. s.: Polyides durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828 BS-V28
    |--Discosporangiales [Discosporangiophycidae] SRR14
    |    |--Choristocarpus Zanardini 1860 [Choristocarpaceae] SRR14
    |    |    `--C. tenellus (Kützing) Zanardini 1860 [=Ectocarpus tenellus] DPR01
    |    `--Discosporangium Falkenberg 1878 [Discosporangiaceae] SRR14
    |         `--D. mesarthrocarpum (Meneghini) Hauck 1885 DPR01
    `--+--Ishigeales [Ishigeophycidae] SRR14
       |    |--Diplura Hollenberg 1969 non Koch 1850 (ICZN) SRR14, N10
       |    |    `--D. simplex K98
       |    `--+--Ishige Yendo 1907 N10 [Ishigeaceae SRR14]
       |       |    |--I. foliacea Okamura in Segawa 1935 SRR14, N10
       |       |    `--+--I. okamurae Yendo 1907 SRR14, N10 [=I. okamurai N10]
       |       |       `--I. sinicola (Setchell & Gardner) Chihara 1969 SRR14, N10 (see below for synonymy)
       |       `--Petroderma Kuckuck 1897 N10 [Petrodermataceae SRR14]
       |            `--P. maculiforme SRR14
       `--+--Dictyotophycidae SRR14
          |    |--Onslowia Searles in Searles & Leister 1980 DPR01 [Onslowiaceae, Onslowiales SRR14]
          |    |    |--*O. endophytica Searles in Searles & Leister 1980 DPR01
          |    |    `--O. bahamensis Henry 1987 DPR01
          |    `--+--Dictyotaceae SRR14
          |       `--+--Sphacelariales SRR14
          |          `--Syringodermataceae [Syringodermatales] SRR14
          |               |--Syringoderma Levring 1940 SRR14
          |               |    |--S. abyssicola (Setchell & Gardner) Levring 1940 [=Chlanidophora abyssicola] S57
          |               |    `--S. phinneyi KM03
          |               `--Microzonia Agardh 1894 SRR14
          `--Fucophycidae SRR14

Ishige sinicola (Setchell & Gardner) Chihara 1969 SRR14, N10 [=Polyopes sinicola Setchell & Gardner 1924 N10, Carpopeltis sinicola (Setchell & Gardner) Kylin 1956 N10]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[BS-V28] Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. 1828. Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Botanique. Cryptogamie. Arthus Bertrand: Paris.

[DPR01] Draisma, S. G. A., & W. F. Prud’homme van Reine. 2001. Onslowiaceae fam. nov. (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 37: 647–649.

[K98] Kaehler, S. 1998. The non-coralline epilithic encrusting algae of Hong Kong II: additions and identification. Asian Marine Biology 15: 1–17.

[KM03] Kawai, H., S. Maeba, H. Sasaki, K. Okuda & E. C. Henry. 2003. Schizocladia ischiensis: a new filamentous marine chromophyte belonging to a new class, Schizocladiophyceae. Protist 154: 211–228.

[N10] Norris, J. N. 2010. Marine algae of the northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 94: 1–276.

[S57] Scagel, R. F. 1957. An annotated list of the marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington (including keys to genera). National Museum of Canada Bulletin 150: 1–289.

[SRR14] Silberfeld, T., F. Rousseau & B. de Reviers. 2014. An updated classification of brown algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae). Cryptogamie, Algologie 35 (2): 117–156.

Hydropsyche

Grey flag caddisfly Hydropsyche siltalai, copyright Janet Graham.

Belongs within: Hydropsychidae.

Hydropsyche is a cosmopolitan genus of caddisflies in which fore wings have crossveins M₃₊₄-Cu₁ and Cu₁-Cu₂ widely separated, and hind wings are apically narrow and have the median cell closed.

<==Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 BZ-M04
    |--H. acinoxas Malicky 1981 BZ-M04
    |--H. alternans R38
    |--H. ambigua BZ-M04
    |--H. amblis Ross 1938 R38
    |--H. angustipennis CS77
    |--H. brevis Mosely 1930 BZ-M04
    |--H. bulbifera McLachlan 1878 BZ-M04
    |--H. colonica PC66
    |--H. cuanis R38
    |--H. dinarica Marinkovic-Gospodnetic 1979 BZ-M04
    |--H. exocellata Duföur 1841 BZ-M04
    |--H. fontinalis Zamora-Muñoz & González 2002 BZ-M04
    |--H. iberomaroccana González & Malicky 1999 BZ-M04
    |--H. incognita Pitsch 1993 BZ-M04
    |--H. infernalis Schmid 1952 BZ-M04
    |--H. instabilis (Curtis 1834) BZ-M04
    |--H. orris Ross 1938 [=H. cornuta Ross 1938 non Martynov 1909] R38
    |--H. pellucidula (Curtis 1834) BZ-M04
    |--H. protis Ross 1938 R38
    |--H. siltalai Döhler 1963 BZ-M04
    |--H. tana R38
    `--H. tibialis McLachlan 1884 BZ-M04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BZ-M04] Bonada, N., C. Zamora-Muñoz, M. Rieradevall & N. Prat. 2004. Trichoptera (Insecta) collected in Mediterranean river basins of the Iberian Peninsula: taxonomic remarks and notes on ecology. Graellsia 60 (1): 41–69.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[PC66] Pendergrast, J. G., & D. R. Cowley. 1966. An Introduction to New Zealand Freshwater Insects. Collins: Auckland.

[R38] Ross, H. H. 1938. Descriptions of new North American Trichoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (5): 117–124.

Palaemonetes

Palaemonetes pugio, copyright Brian Gratwicke.

Belongs within: Palaemonidae.

Palaemonetes, glass shrimp, is a cosmopolitan genus of freshwater shrimp that typically lack a mandibular palp.

<==Palaemonetes Heller 1869 H86
    |  i. s.: P. antennarius (Milne Edwards 1837) H86
    |         P. argentinus CB93
    |         P. exilipes M85
    |         P. kadiakensis M85
    |         P. varians CS77
    |--P. (Palaemonetes) H86
    |    |--P. (P.) cummingi Chace 1954 H86
    |    |--P. (P.) intermedius M85
    |    |--P. (P.) paludosus (Gibbes 1850) M85, H86
    |    |--P. (P.) pugio Holthuis 1949 M85, M88
    |    `--P. (P.) vulgaris (Say 1818) M85, M88
    `--P. (Alaocaris Holthuis 1949) H86
         |--P. (A.) antrorum Benedict 1896 H86
         `--P. (A.) holthuisi Strenth 1976 H86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CB93] Cash, C. E., & R. T. Bauer. 1993. Adaptations of the branchial ectoparasite Probopyrus pandalicola (Isopoda: Bopyridae) for survival and reproduction related to ecdysis of the host, Palaemonetes pugio (Caridea: Palaemonidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 13 (1): 111–124.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[M85] Markham, J. C. 1985. A review of the bopyrid isopods infesting caridean shrimps in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, with special reference to those collected during the Hourglass Cruises in the Gulf of Mexico. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 7 (3): 1–156.

[M88] Markham, J. C. 1988. Descriptions and revisions of some species of Isopoda Bopyridae of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen 246: 1–63.

Lysianassidae

Orchomene amblyops, copyright University of Bergen.

Belongs within: Amphipoda.

The Lysianassidae are a group of marine amphipods characterised by a mitten-like terminal section on the section gnathopod (Barnard 1969).

Characters (from Barnard 1969): Accessory flagellum usually present and more than 3-articulate but occasionally vestigial or few in segments; peduncle of antenna 1 short and stout, articles 2 and 3 usually much shorter than 1 and occasionally scarcely distinguishable because of telescoping; pereon generally lacking processes, often urosomal segment 1 processiferous; body compact, chitin usually very smooth, porcellanous; mouthparts enormously variable, either chewing or piercing, often with reduction in mandibular molars, variable in position of mandibular palps; upper lip and epistome invaluable for identification, either or both often produced in variable configurations; maxilla 1 generally with 2-articulate palp but occasionally reduced or absent; maxilla 2 occasionally poorly developed; maxilliped occasionally with reduced plates and palps; gnathopods usually quite small, 2 mitten-shaped terminally, with article 3 elongate, article 5 generally with a "pineapple cushion", i.e., posterior margin bulbous and with microscopic texture of a pineapple, structure composed of scales or coarse setules, article 6 generally covered with coarse setules or tasseled setules; pereopods generally stout, occasionally prehensile; coxae usually long, first one or two or three occasionally reduced in size or hidden by following coxae; rami of uropod 3 lanceolate, outer often 2-articulate, inner occasionally reduced in size, rarely both absent; telson cleft, emarginate or entire, long or shorty rarely absent.

<==Lysianassidae
    |--Lucayarina catacumba Clark & Barnard 1985 S86
    |--Acontiostoma Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    `--*A. marionis Stebbing 1888 B69 [incl. A. magellanicum N38]
    |--Paralysianopsis Schellenberg 1931 [incl. Austronisimus Barnard 1931] B69
    |    `--*P. odhneri Schellenberg 1931 B69
    |--Charcotia Chevreux 1905 [=Waldeckia Chevreux 1906; incl. Ephippiphora White 1847 (preoc.)] B69
    |    `--*C. obesa Chevreux 1905 B69 [=*Waldeckia obesa B69; incl. W. zshauii non Anonyx zschauii N38]
    |--Pseudorchomene Schellenberg 1926 B69
    |    `--*P. coatsi (Chilton 1912) B69 [=Orchomenopsis coatsi N38]
    |--Aroui Chevreux 1911 B69
    |    `--*A. setosus Chevreux 1911 B69
    |--Perrierella Chevreux & Bouvier 1892 [incl. Pararistias Robertson 1892] B69
    |    `--*P. audouiniana (Bate 1857) B69 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Socarnopsis Chevreux 1911 B69
    |    `--*S. crenulata Chevreux 1911 B69
    |--Adeliella Nicholls 1938 N38
    |    `--*A. laticornis Nicholls 1938 N38
    |--Alicella Chevreux 1899 B69
    |    `--*A. gigantea Chevreux 1899 B69
    |--Allogaussia Schellenberg 1926 B69
    |    `--*A. paradoxa Schellenberg 1926 B69
    |--Amaryllis Haswell 1880 non Linnaeus 1753 (ICBN) B69
    |    `--*A. macrophthalmus Haswell 1880 B69
    |--Ambasia Boeck 1871 B69
    |    `--*A. atlantica (Milne Edwards 1830) B69 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Ambasiella Schellenberg 1935 B69
    |    `--*A. murmanica (Brüggen 1905) [=Ambasia murmanica] B69
    |--Eucallisoma Barnard 1961 B69
    |    `--*E. glandulosa Barnard 1961 B69
    |--Aristiopsis Barnard 1961 B69
    |    `--*A. tumidus Barnard 1961 B69
    |--Danaella Stephensen 1925 B69
    |    `--*D. mimonectes Stephensen 1925 B69
    |--Lepidepecreoides Barnard 1931 B69
    |    `--*L. xenopus Barnard 1931 B69
    |--Thoriella Stephensen 1915 B69
    |    `--*T. islandica Stephensen 1915 B69
    |--Crybelocyphocaris Shoemaker 1945 B69
    |    `--*C. tattersalli Shoemaker 1945 B69
    |--Centromedon Sars 1895 B69
    |    `--*C. pumilus (Liljeborg 1865) [=Anonyx pumilus] B69
    |--Azotostoma Barnard 1965 B69
    |    `--*A. fusta Barnard 1965 B69
    |--Bathyamaryllis Pirlot 1933 B69
    |    `--*B. perezii Pirlot 1933 B69
    |--Bathycallisoma Dahl 1959 B69
    |    `--*B. pacifica Dahl 1959 B69
    |--Chevreuxiella Stephensen 1915 B69
    |    `--*C. metopoides Stephensen 1915 B69
    |--Socarnoides Stebbing 1888 [incl. Acidostomella Schellenberg 1926] B69
    |    `--*S. kergueleni Stebbing 1888 B69
    |--Eurythenes Smith 1884 [incl. Euryporeia Sars 1895, Eurytenes Liljeborg 1865 (preoc.), Katius Chevreux 1905] B69
    |    `--*E. gryllus (Lichtenstein 1822) B69 [=Gammarus gryllus B69; incl. Lysianassa magellanica O01]
    |--Lysianella Sars 1882 B69
    |    `--*L. petalocera Sars 1882 B69
    |--Tryphosites Sars 1895 B69
    |    `--*T. longipes (Bate & Westwood 1863) B69 [=Anonyx longipes B69, Tryphosa longipes N00b]
    |--Alibrotus Milne Edwards 1840 (n. d.) B69
    |    `--*A. chauseicus (Milne Edwards 1830) [=Lysianassa chauseica] B69
    |--Cebocaris Barnard 1964 B69
    |    `--*C. grutesca Barnard 1964 B69
    |--Paralibrotus Stephensen 1923 B69
    |    `--*P. setosus Stephensen 1923 B69
    |--Pachynus Bulycheva 1955 B69
    |    `--*P. chelatum Bulycheva 1955 B69
    |--Koroga Holmes 1908 B69
    |    `--*K. megalops Holmes 1908 B69
    |--Gainella Chevreux 1911 B69
    |    `--*G. chelata Chevreux 1912 B69
    |--Paracallisomopsis Gurjanova 1962 B69
    |    `--*P. beljaevi Gurjanova 1962 B69
    |--Euonyx Norman 1867 [incl. Leptochela Boeck 1876 (preoc.)] B69
    |    `--*E. chelatus Norman 1867 B69 [incl. Opis leptochela Bate & Westwood 1869 N00b]
    |--Clepidecrella Barnard 1962 B69
    |    `--*C. cabinda Barnard 1962 B69
    |--Crybelocephalus Tattersall 1906 B69
    |    `--*C. megalurus Tattersall 1906 B69
    |--Cyclocaris Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    |--*C. tahitensis Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    `--C. faroensis Norman 1900 N00b
    |--Derjugiana Gurjanova 1962 B69
    |    `--*D. insolita Gurjanova 1962 B69
    |--Neoambasia Dahl 1959 B69
    |    `--*N. tumicornis (Nicholls 1938) [=Ambasiopsis tumicornis] B69
    |--Paracyphocaris Chevreux 1905 B69
    |    `--*P. praedator Chevreux 1905 B69
    |--Glycerina Haswell 1882 [incl. Glycera Haswell 1880 non Savigny 1818] B69
    |    `--*G. tenuicornis (Haswell 1880) [=Glycera tenuicornis] B69
    |--Scopelocheiropsis Schellenberg 1926 B69
    |    `--*S. abyssalis Schellenberg 1926 B69
    |--Ensayara Barnard 1964 B69
    |    `--*E. ramonella Barnard 1964 B69
    |--Figorella Barnard 1962 B69
    |    `--*F. tanidea Barnard 1962 B69
    |--Metacyphocaris Tattersall 1906 B69
    |    `--*M. helgae Tattersall 1906 B69
    |--Kyska Shoemaker 1964 B69
    |    `--*K. dalli Shoemaker 1964 B69
    |--Lepidepecreopsis Stephensen 1925 B69
    |    `--*L. biloba Stephensen 1925 B69
    |--Menigratopsis Dahl 1945 B69
    |    `--*M. svenillsoni Dahl 1945 B69
    |--Mesocyclocaris Birstein & Vinogradov 1964 B69
    |    `--*M. gracilis Birstein & Vinogradov 1964 B69
    |--Mesocyphocaris Birstein & Vinogradov 1960 B69
    |    `--*M. longicaudatus Birstein & Vinogradov 1960 B69
    |--Metacyclocaris Birstein & Vinogradov 1955 B69
    |    `--*M. polycheles Birstein & Vinogradov 1955 B69
    |--Metambasia Stephensen 1923 B69
    |    `--*M. faeroensis Stephensen 1923 B69
    |--Microlysias Stebbing 1918 B69
    |    `--*M. xenokeras Stebbing 1918 B69
    |--Ocosingo Barnard 1964 B69
    |    `--*O. borlus Barnard 1964 B69
    |--Paracallisoma Chevreux 1903 B69
    |    `--*P. alberti Chevreux 1903 B69
    |--Paronesimoides Pirlot 1933 B69
    |    `--*P. lignivorus Pirlot 1933 B69
    |--Paronesimus Stebbing 1894 B69
    |    `--*P. barentsi Stebbing 1894 B69
    |--Phoxostoma Barnard 1925 B69
    |    `--*P. algoense Barnard 1925 B69
    |--Podoprionella Sars 1895 B69
    |    `--*P. norvegica Sars 1895 B69
    |--Podoprionides Walker 1906 B69
    |    `--*P. incerta Walker 1906 B69
    |--Prachynella Barnard 1964 B69
    |    `--*P. lodo Barnard 1964 B69
    |--Procyphocaris Barnard 1961 B69
    |    `--*P. primata Barnard 1961 B69
    |--Pseudambasia Stephensen 1927 B69
    |    `--*P. bipartita Stephensen 1927 B69
    |--Pseudoanonyx Kudrjaschov 1965 B69
    |    `--*P. caecus Kudrjaschov 1965 B69
    |--Rifcus Kudrjaschov 1965 B69
    |    `--*R. auspicatus Kudrjaschov 1965 B69
    |--Shackletonia Barnard 1931 B69
    |    `--*S. robusta Barnard 1931 B69
    |--Socarnella Walker 1904 B69
    |    `--*S. bonnieri Walker 1904 B69
    |--Stephensenia Schellenberg 1928 B69
    |    `--*S. haematopus Schellenberg 1928 B69
    |--Tryphosoides Schellenberg 1931 B69
    |    `--*T. falcata Schellenberg 1931 B69
    |--Vijaya Walker 1904 B69
    |    `--*V. tenuipes Walker 1904 B69
    |--Onisimus Boeck 1871 [=Pseudalibrotus Della Valle 1893] B69
    |    |--*O. litoralis (Krøyer 1845) B69 [=Anonyx litoralis B69, Alibrotus littoralis N00b, Pseudalibrotus litoralis B69]
    |    |--O. brevicaudatus S00
    |    `--O. plautus (Krøyer 1845) [=Anonyx plautus] B69
    |--Ichnopus Costa 1853 B69
    |    |--*I. taurus Costa 1853 B69
    |    `--I. spinicornis Boeck 1861 BD95 [incl. I. calceolatus Heller 1867 N00a]
    |--Lepidepecreum Bate & Westwood 1868 B69
    |    |--*L. longicorne (Bate & Westwood 1861) B69, BD95 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--L. umbo B69
    |--Acidostoma Liljeborg 1865 B69
    |    |--*A. obesum (Bate & Westwood 1861) B69, BD95 [=Anonyx obesus B69]
    |    `--A. nodiferum Stephensen 1923 [incl. A. sarsi (Lincoln 1979)] BD95
    |--Ambasiopsis Barnard 1931 B69
    |    |--*A. georgiensis Barnard 1931 B69
    |    `--A. faeroensis N38
    |--Paralicella Chevreux 1908 B69
    |    |--*P. tenuipes Chevreux 1908 B69
    |    `--P. scotiae (Chilton 1912) [=Alicella scotiae] B69
    |--Menigrates Boeck 1871 B69
    |    |--*M. obtusifrons (Boeck 1861) B69 [=Anonyx obtusifrons B69; incl. A. brachycercus Lilljeborg 1865 N00b]
    |    `--M. angustipes Gurjanova 1962 B69
    |--Kerguelenia Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    |--*K. compacta Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    `--K. borealis Sars 1895 B69
    |--Onesimoides Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    |--*O. carinatus Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    `--O. chelatus B69
    |--Parawaldeckia Stebbing 1910 B69
    |    |--*P. thomsoni (Stebbing 1906) [=Nannonyx thomsoni] B69
    |    `--P. kidderi B69
    |--Boeckosimus Barnard 1969 B69
    |    |--*B. edwardsii (Krøyer 1846) [=Anonyx edwardsii, Onisimus edwardsii] B69
    |    `--B. normani (Sars 1895) [=Onisimus normani] B69
    |--Valettiopsis Holmes 1908 B69
    |    |--*V. dentatus Holmes 1908 B69
    |    `--V. multidentata Barnard 1961 B69
    |--Hirondellea Chevreux 1889 [incl. Tetronychia Stephensen 1923] B69
    |    |--*H. trioculata Chevreux 1889 B69
    |    `--H. brevicaudata Chevreux 1910 B69
    |--Pseudokoroga Schellenberg 1931 B69
    |    |--*P. barnardi Schellenberg 1931 B69
    |    `--P. rima B69
    |--Paracentromedon Chevreux & Fage 1925 B69
    |    |--*P. crenulatum (Chevreux 1900) [=Centromedon crenulatum] B69
    |    `--P. manene HS01
    |--Sophrosyne Stebbing 1888 [incl. Paropisa Stebbing 1899] B69
    |    |--*S. murrayi Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    `--S. robertsoni Stebbing & Robertson 1891 B69
    |--Socarnes Boeck 1871 B69
    |    |--*S. vahlii (Krøyer 1838) B69 [=Lysianassa vahlii B69, Anonyx vahlii N00a]
    |    |--S. erythrophthalmus Robertson 1892 N00a
    |    |--S. filicornis Heller 1866 BD95
    |    `--S. obesus (Chevreux 1927) [=Socarnopsis obesa] B69
    |--Pachychelium Stephensen 1925 B69
    |    |--*P. davidis Stephensen 1925 B69
    |    |--P. antarcticum N38
    |    `--P. oculatum N38
    |--Nannonyx Sars 1895 B69
    |    |--*N. goesii (Boeck 1871) B69 [=Orchomene goesii B69, Orchemene goesii N00b]
    |    |--N. propinquus Chevreux 1911 BD95
    |    `--N. spinimanus Walker 1895 BD95
    |--Parambasia Walker & Scott 1903 B69
    |    |--*P. forbesi Walker & Scott 1903 B69
    |    |--P. anomala (Nicholls 1938) [=Lysianassa anomala] B69
    |    `--P. rossi Stephensen 1927 B69
    |--Stomacontion Stebbing 1899 B69
    |    |--*S. pepinii (Stebbing 1888) [=Acontiostoma pepinii] B69
    |    |--S. capense Barnard 1916 B69
    |    `--S. insigne Barnard 1932 B69
    |--Normanion Bonnier 1893 [=Normania Boeck 1871 non Brady 1866] B69
    |    |--*N. quadrimana (Bate & Westwood 1868) [=Opis quadrimana, *Normania quadrimana] B69
    |    |--N. abyssi B69
    |    `--N. sarsi Stebbing 1906 B69
    |--Tmetonyx Stebbing 1906 [incl. Hoplonyx Sars 1895 (preoc.)] B69
    |    |--*T. cicada (Fabricius 1780) B69 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--T. exiguus (Chevreux 1902) BD95
    |    |--‘Haplonyx’ leucophthalmus Sars 1891 N00b
    |    |--T. nardonis (Heller 1866) BD95
    |    |--T. nobilis B69
    |    `--‘Haplonyx’ similis Sars 1891 N00b
    |--Schisturella Norman 1900 B69
    |    |--*S. pulchra (Hansen 1887) [=Tryphosa pulchra] B69
    |    |--S. abyssi (Chevreux 1926) [=Pseudonesimus abyssi] B69
    |    |--S. adversicola (Barnard 1925) [=Lakota adversicola] B69
    |    `--S. rotundata (Barnard 1925) [=Lakota rotundatus] B69
    |--Cheirimedon Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    |--*C. crenatipalmatus Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    |--C. femoratus [incl. C. dentimanus Chevreux 1906] B69
    |    |--C. fougneri Walker 1903 B69
    |    |--C. latimanus Sars 1895 B69
    |    `--C. pectinipalma Barnard 1925 B69
    |--Anonyx Krøyer 1838 [incl. Chironesimus Sars 1895, Lakota Holmes 1908] B69
    |    |--*A. nugax (Phipps 1774) B69 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--A. cicadoides Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    |--A. debruynii B69 [=Chironesimus debruynii S00]
    |    |--A. gularis CS77
    |    `--A. lilljeborgii S00
    |--Tryphosella Bonnier 1893 B69
    |    |--*T. sarsi Bonnier 1893 B69
    |    |--T. abyssi Norman 1900 N00b
    |    |--T. angulata N00b
    |    |--T. barbatipes (Stebbing 1888) [=Tryphosa barbatipes, Uristes barbatipes] B69
    |    |--T. coxalis (Barnard 1962) [=Tryphosites coxalis] B69
    |    |--T. georgiana [incl. T. albina] N38
    |    |--T. hoeringii (Boeck 1870) [=Tryphosa hoeringii, Tryphosa hoerringii, Tryphosella hoerringii] N00b
    |    |--T. minima (Chevreux 1911) BD95
    |    `--T. nanoides (Lilljeborg 1865) [=Anonyx nanoides, Tryphosa nanoides] N00b
    |--Lepidepecreella Schellenberg 1926 [incl. Paracyclocaris Barnard 1930] B69
    |    |--*L. ctenophora Schellenberg 1926 B69
    |    |--L. bidens N38
    |    |--L. cymba N38
    |    |--L. emarginata Nicholls 1938 N38
    |    `--L. ovalis N38
    |--Hippomedon Boeck 1871 [incl. Elimedon Barnard 1962, Paratryphosites Stebbing 1899, Platamon Stebbing 1888] B69
    |    |--*H. holbolli (Krøyer 1846) [=Anonyx holbolli] B69
    |    |--H. abyssi (Goës 1866) [=Lysianassa abyssi, Paratryphosites abyssi] N00b
    |    |--H. denticulatus (Bate 1857) BD95 [=Anonyx denticulatus N00b]
    |    |--H. kergueleni PG98
    |    |--‘Platamon’ longimanus N00b
    |    |--H. massiliensis Bellan-Santini 1965 BD95
    |    |--H. oculatus Chevreux & Fage 1925 BD95
    |    `--H. propinquus Sars 1890 N00b
    |--Lysianassa Milne Edwards 1830 (see below for synonymy) B69
    |    |--*L. costae Milne Edwards 1830 B69
    |    |--L. alba (Holmes 1903) [=*Lysianopsis alba] B69
    |    |--L. bispinosa Della Valle 1893 BD95
    |    |--L. ceratina (Walker 1889) BD95 [=Lysianax ceratinus N00a]
    |    |--‘Lysianax’ cubensis Stebbing 1897 B69
    |    |--L. heterodonta (Pirlot 1936) [=*Arugella heterodonta] B69
    |    |--L. hypocrita B69
    |    |--L. insperata Lincoln 1979 BD95
    |    |--L. longicornis Lucas 1846 E12 [=Lysianax longicornis N00a]
    |    |--‘*Pronannonyx’ minimus Schellenberg 1953 B69
    |    |--L. nasuta Dana 1853 [=*Shoemakerella nasuta] B69
    |    |--‘*Aruga’ oculata Holmes 1908 B69
    |    |--L. pilicornis Heller 1866 BD95
    |    |--L. plumosa Boeck 1871 BD95
    |    `--‘Lysianax’ septentrionalis Della Valle 1893 N00a
    |--Podoprion Chevreux 1891 BD95, B69 [Podoprionidae]
    |    `--*P. bolivari Chevreux 1891 B69
    |--Scopelocheirus Bate 1857 BD95, B69 [incl. Callisoma Costa 1851 non Agassiz 1846 B69; Scopelocheiridae]
    |    |--*S. crenatus Bate 1857 B69 [=Callisoma crenata N00b]
    |    |--S. hopei (Costa 1851) BD95 [=*Callisoma hopei B69]
    |    `--‘Anonyx’ kroeyeri Bruzelius 1859 [=Callisoma kroeyeri] N00b
    |--Aristias Boeck 1871 BD95, B69 [Aristiidae]
    |    |--*A. tumidus (Krøyer 1846) [=Anonyx tumidus] B69
    |    |--A. antarcticus N38
    |    |--A. collinus N38
    |    `--A. neglectus Hansen 1887 N00b
    `--Orchomene Boeck 1871 [incl. Orchomenella Sars 1891, Orchomenopsis Sars 1895, Tryphosa Boeck 1871] B69
         |--*O. serrata (Boeck 1861) [=Anonyx serratus] B69
         |--‘Orchomenella’ abyssorum [=O. chilensis f. abyssorum] N38
         |--‘Tryphosa’ adarei N38
         |--O. amblyops Sars 1895 B69
         |--O. batei Sars 1895 B69
         |--‘Tryphosa’ carinata Schellenberg 1926 B69
         |--O. cavimanus [=Orchomenella cavimanus; incl. Orchomenopsis zschauii] N38
         |--‘Orchomenella’ franklini N38
         |--‘Orchomenella’ groenlandica B69
         |--O. humilis (Costa 1853) [=Lysianassa humilis, Anonyx humilis; incl. A. melanophthalmus Norman 1867] N00b
         |--‘Tryphosa’ kergueleni N38
         |--‘Orchomenella’ macronyx N38
         |--O. minuta (Krøyer 1846) B69 [=Anonyx minutus B69, *Orchomenella minuta B69, Tryphosa minuta N00b]
         |--‘Tryphosa’ murrayi N38
         |--‘Anonyx’ nanus Krøyer 1846 B69 (see below for synonymy)
         |--‘Orchomenella’ nodimanus [=Orchomenopsis nodimanus] N38
         |--O. obtusa (Sars 1895) B69
         |--O. pectinatus Sars 1882 N00b
         |--O. pinguis (Boeck 1860) [=Anonyx pinguis, Orchemenella pinguis, Tryphosa pinguis] N00b
         |--‘Tryphosa’ pusilla Sars 1885 N00b
         |--‘Orchomenella’ rossi [=Orchomenopsis rossi, Orchomenella chilensis f. rossi] N38
         |--O. takoradia Barnard 1961 B69
         `--‘Tryphosa’ triangularis N38

*Ambasia atlantica (Milne Edwards 1830) B69 [=Gammarus atlanticus B69, Lysianassa atlantica N00a; incl. Ambasia danielssenii Boeck 1870 N00a]

‘Anonyx’ nanus Krøyer 1846 B69 [=Orchemenella nana N00b, *Tryphosa nana B69; incl. T. ciliata Sars 1882 N00b, Orchomenella ciliata B69]

*Anonyx nugax (Phipps 1774) B69 [=Cancer nugax B69; incl. A. appendiculata Kröyer 1838 N00b, A. lagena Kröyer 1838 N00b]

*Lepidepecreum longicorne (Bate & Westwood 1861) B69, BD95 [=Anonyx longicornis B69; incl. L. carinatum Bate & Westwood 1869 N00b, L. mirabile Meinert 1890 N00b]

Lysianassa Milne Edwards 1830 [incl. Aruga Holmes 1908, Arugella Pirlot 1936, Lysianassina Costa 1867, Lysianax Stebbing 1888, Lysianopsis Holmes 1903, Pronannonyx Schellenberg 1953, Shoemakerella Pirlot 1936] B69

*Perrierella audouiniana (Bate 1857) B69 [=Lysianassa audouiniana B69, Aristias audouinianus N00b, Pararistias auduoinianus N00b; incl. Perrierella crassipes Chevreux & Bouvier 1892 N00b]

*Tmetonyx cicada (Fabricius 1780) B69 [=Oniscus cicada B69, Haplonyx cicada N00b; incl. Anonyx gulosus Kröyer 1844 N00b, A. norvegicus Lilljeborg 1851 N00b]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD95] Bakalem, A., & J.-C. Dauvin. 1995. Inventaire des crustacés amphipodes (Gammaridea, Caprellidea, Hyperiidea) des costes d'Algérie: essai de synthèse. Mésogée 54: 49–62.

[B69] Barnard, J. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 271: i–vi, 1–535.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[N38] Nicholls, G. E. 1938. Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911–1914. Under the Leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, O.B.E., B.E., D.Sc., F. R. S. Scientific Reports. Series C—Zoology and Botany vol. 2 pt 4. Amphipoda Gammaridea. David Harold Paisley, Government Printer: Sydney (Australia).

[N00a] Norman, A. M. 1900a. British Amphipoda of the tribe Hyperiidea and the families Orchestiidae and some Lysianassidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 126–144.

[N00b] Norman, A. M. 1900b. British Amphipoda: fam. Lysianassidae (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 196–214, pl. 6.

[O01] Ohlin, A. 1901. On a new "bipolar" schizopod. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 371–374.

[PG98] Probert, P. K., & S. L. Grove. 1998. Macrobenthic assemblages of the continental shelf and upper slope off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 259–280.

[S00] Stebbing, T. R. R. 1900. Arctic Crustacea: Bruce collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 1–16.

[S86] Stock, J. H. 1986. Order Amphipoda: an introduction. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 494–496. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.