Caprelloidea

Male (above) and female Podocerus chelonophilus, from Iwasa-Arai et al. (2020). Scale bar = 500 μm.

Belongs within: Corophiida.
Contains: Cyamus, Caprella.

The Caprelloidea are a group of amphipods characterised by an extremely long basal segment on the urosome. Members include the Caprellidae, skeleton shrimp, which are small, elongate amphipods that are mostly found living among larger, camouflaging organisms such as bryozoans or seagrasses. The Cyamidae, whale lice, are specialised for living on the skin of cetaceans.

Caprelloidea [Caprellida, Cystibranchia]
    |  i. s.: Protellopsis kergueleni L95
    |         Leptomera ventricosa G20
    |         Proto pedatus G20
    |--Caprogammaridae LM13
    |--Aeginellidae B83
    |--Dulichia Krøyer 1845 B69 [incl. Dyopedos Bate 1857 B69; Dulichiidae LM13]
    |    |--*D. spinosissima Krøyer 1845 B69
    |    |--D. monacantha N00 [=Dyopedos monacanthus YS06]
    |    `--D. tuberculata N00
    |--Protellidae MD01
    |    |--Metaprotella sandalensis Mayer 1898 L95
    |    |--Paraprotella prima Mayer 1903 L95
    |    `--Protella L95
    |         |--P. gracilis Dana 1853 L95
    |         `--P. similis Mayer 1903 L95
    |--Pariambidae MD01
    |    |  i. s.: ‘Protella’ trilobata McCain & Gray 1971 L95
    |    |--Pariambus typicus (Kröyer 1844) BD95 [=Podalirus typicus BK77]
    |    `--Hemiaegina L95
    |         |--H. costai de Qrujo Quitete 1972 L95
    |         `--H. minuta L95
    |--Cyamidae [Cyamida, Cyamoidea] LM13
    |    |--Isocyamus delphini W81
    |    |--Syncyamus pseudorcae W81
    |    |--Neocyamus physeteris W81
    |    |--Platycyamus thompsoni W81
    |    `--Cyamus W81
    |--Caprellinoididae MD01
    |    |--Caprellinoides tristanensis Stebbing 1888 L95
    |    |--Proliropus L95
    |    |--Verrucaprella Laubitz 1995 L95
    |    |    `--*V. gracilispina Laubitz 1995 L95
    |    |--Liropropus Laubitz 1995 L95
    |    |    `--*L. segonzaci Laubitz 1995 L95
    |    `--Pseudaeginella Mayer 1890 [incl. Fallotritella] L95
    |         |--P. antiguae Barnard 1932 L95
    |         |--P. biscaynensis (McCain 1968) L95
    |         |--P. montoucheti (de Araujo Quitete 1971) L95
    |         |--P. polynesica (Müller 1990) L95
    |         |--P. sanctipauli Laubitz 1995 L95
    |         `--P. tristanensis (Stebbing 1888) L95
    |--Caprellidae [Dodecadidae, Phtisicidae, Phtisicoidea] LM13
    |    |  i. s.: Liporus elongatus Mayer 1890 BD95
    |    |         Pseudolirius kroyeri (Haller 1879) BD95
    |    |         Pseudoprotella phasma (Montagu 1804) BD95
    |    |--Caprella LM13
    |    |--Paracercopinae [Paracercopidae] LM13
    |    |--Phtisicinae LM13
    |    |    |--Phtisica marina Slabber 1769 L95
    |    |    `--Quadrisegmentum triangulum Hirayama 1988 L95
    |    `--Dodecadinae L95
    |         |--Dodecas elongata Stebbing 1883 L95
    |         |--Pseudocaprellina pambanensis Sundara Raj 1927 L95
    |         |--Dodecasella L95
    |         |--Semidodecas Laubitz 1995 L95
    |         |    `--*S. beuroisi Laubitz 1995 L95
    |         `--Symmetrella Laubitz 1995 L95
    |              `--*S. arnaudi Laubitz 1995 L95
    `--Podoceridae LM13
         |--Cyrtophium Dana 1852 B69
         |    `--*C. orientale Dana 1852 B69
         |--Neoxenodice Schellenberg 1926 B69
         |    `--*N. caprellinoides Schellenberg 1926 B69
         |--Xenodice Boeck 1871 B69
         |    `--*X. frauenfeldti Boeck 1871 B69
         |--Laetmatophilus Bruzelius 1859 B69
         |    `--*L. tuberculatus Bruzelius 1859 B69
         |--Paradulichia Boeck 1871 B69
         |    `--*P. typica Boeck 1871 B69
         |--Leipsuropus Stebbing 1899 B69
         |    `--*L. parasiticus (Haswell 1880) [=Cyrtophium parasiticum] B69
         `--Podocerus Leach 1814 [incl. Dexiocerella Haswell 1885, Platophium Dana 1852] B69
              |--*P. variegatus Leach 1814 B69
              |--P. anguipes CS77
              |--P. capillimanus Nicholls 1938 N38
              |--P. chelonophilus (Chevreux 1900) BD95
              |--P. herdmani Walker 1893 N00
              |--P. isopus Walker 1889 N00
              |--P. laevis N38
              |--P. minutus N00
              `--P. pulchellus M01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD95] Bakalem, A. & J.-C. Dauvin. 1995. Inventaire des crustacés amphipodes (Gammaridea, Caprellidea, Hyperiidea) des costes d'Algérie: essai de synthèse. Mésogée 54: 49–62.

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[B69] Barnard, J. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 271: i–vi, 1–535.

[B83] Bousfield, E. L. 1983. An updated phyletic classification and palaeohistory of the Amphipoda. In: Schram, F. R. (ed.) Crustacean Phylogeny pp. 257–277. A. A. Balkema.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[L95] Laubitz, D. R. 1995. Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the southern and western Indian Ocean. Mésogée 54: 81–100.

[LM13] Lowry, J. K., & A. A. Myers. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610: 1–80.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[M01] M'Intosh, W. C. 1901. The coloration of marine animals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 221–240.

[N38] Nicholls, G. E. 1938. Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911–1914. Under the Leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, O.B.E., B.E., D.Sc., F. R. S. Scientific Reports. Series C—Zoology and Botany vol. 2 pt 4. Amphipoda Gammaridea. David Harold Paisley, Government Printer: Sydney (Australia).

[N00] Norman, A. M. 1900. British Amphipoda: families Pontoporeidae to Ampeliscidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 326–346.

[W81] Watson, L. 1981. Sea Guide to Whales of the World. Hutchinson: London.

[YS06] Yu, O. H., & H.-L. Suh. 2006. Life history and reproduction of the amphipod Synchelidium trioostegitum (Crustacea, Oedicerotidae) on a sandy shore in Korea. Marine Biology 150: 141–148.