Ephydrinae

Alkali flies Ephydra hians, copyright Judy Gallagher.

Belongs within: Ephydroidea.

The Ephydrinae are a group of shore flies with lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae, and a large, cavernous subcranial cavity (Mathis 2010).

Characters (from Mathis 2010): Fronto-orbital setae lateroclinate, usually conspicuous; median facial area and lower facial margin setose, the latter often with long setae (if not, costa short, extended to R₄₊₅); insertions of facial series of setae convergent above; subcranial cavity large and cavernous.

<==Ephydrinae M10
    |  i. s.: Setacera pacifica WMV87
    |         Coenia palustris WMV87, WT11
    |         Paracoenia WMV87
    |           |--P. (Paracoenia) bisetosa WMV87
    |           `--P. (Thiomyia) quatei WMV87
    |         Calocoenia platypelta WMV87
    |         Philotelma alaskense WMV87
    |--Parydra [Parydrini] M10
    |    |--P. (Parydra) aquila WMV87
    |    |--P. fossarum M10
    |    |--P. nigripes M10
    |    `--P. (Chaetoapnaea) parasocia WMV87
    |--Scatellini M10
    |    |--Scatophila cribrata M10
    |    |--Limnellia huachuca M10
    |    |--Haloscatella muria [=Lamproscatella muria] M10
    |    |--Neoscatella vittithorax WMV87, M83
    |    `--Scatella M10
    |         |--S. marinensis M10
    |         |--S. stagnalis P09
    |         `--S. triseta WMV87
    |--Dagini M10
    |    |--Dagus rostratus M10
    |    |--Physemops nemorosus M10
    |    |--Brachydeutera M10
    |    |    |--B. argentata M10
    |    |    |--B. longipes M10
    |    |    `--B. neotropica M10
    |    `--Diedrops M10
    |         |--D. hitchcocki M10
    |         |--D. roldanorum M10
    |         `--D. steineri M10
    `--Ephydrini M10
         |--Dimecoenia spinosa M10
         |--Cirrula M10
         |    |--C. austrina M10
         |    `--C. gigantea WMV87
         `--Ephydra M10
              |  i. s.: E. buresi WMV87
              |         E. gracilis M10
              |         E. mexicana M10
              |         E. millibrae M10
              |         E. packardi M10
              |--E. (Ephydra) M10
              |    |--E. (E.) riparia M10
              |    `--E. (E.) subopaca WMV87
              |--E. (Halephydra) cinerea WMV87
              `--E. (Hydropyrus) hians M10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[M10] Mathis, W. N. 2010. Ephydridae (shore flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1211–1233. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[P09] Pape, T. 2009. Economic importance of Diptera. In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 65–77. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

[WMV87] Wirth, W. W., W. N. Mathis & J. R. Vockeroth. 1987. Ephydridae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1027–1047. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.