Vanellus

Masked lapwings Vanellus miles novaehollandiae, copyright Arthur Chapman.

Belongs within: Charadriidae.

Vanellus, the lapwings, is a cosmopolitan genus of relatively large plovers found in inland habitats, many of which possess colourful wattles on the face and/or sharp-pointed bony spurs on the bend of the wing.

<==Vanellus Brisson 1760 CC10 (see below for synonymy)
    |--V. spinosus BKB15 [=Hoplopterus spinosus RN72b]
    `--+--V. indicus BKB15 [=Lobivanellus indicus RN72a; incl. Parra goensis CC10, *L. goensis CC10]
       |    |--V. i. indicus SU93
       |    `--V. i. atronuchalis SU93
       `--+--V. chilensis BKB15
          `--+--V. resplendens BKB15
             `--+--*V. vanellus (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                `--V. miles (Boddaert 1783) JT12, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                     |--V. m. miles CC10
                     `--V. m. novaehollandiae Stephens in Shaw 1819 (see below for synonymy) CC10

Vanellus Brisson 1760 CC10 [incl. Hoplopterus Bonaparte 1831 B94, Hoploxypterus Bonaparte 1856 B94, Lobibyx Heine 1890 CC10, Lobivanellus Gray 1841 CC10, Sarciophorus Gray 1841 B94; Hoploxypterinae, Lobibyxinae, Lobivanellinae, Sarciophorinae]

Vanellus miles (Boddaert 1783) JT12, CC10 [=Tringa miles CC10, Lobibyx miles WS48, Lobivanellus miles R87; incl. Lobiv. personatus R87]

Vanellus miles novaehollandiae Stephens in Shaw 1819 [=Lobibyx novaehollandiae; incl. Tringa lobata Latham 1802 non Linnaeus 1758, *Lobibyx lobata, Lobivanellus lobatus] CC10

*Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa vanellus CC10; incl. V. cristatus Wolf & Meyer 1805 CC10, Vanallus (l. c.) cristatus, Vanellus aristatus (l. c.) CC10]

Vanellus incertae sedis:
  V. albiceps JT12
  V. armatus JT12 [=Hoplopterus armatus A61]
  V. cayanus JT12 [=Hoplopterus cayanus SS66]
  V. coronatus JT12
  V. crassirostris JT12
  V. duvaucelii JT12
  V. gregarius JT12
  V. leucurus JT12
  V. lugubris JT12
  V. macropterus SU93
  V. malarbaricus JT12
  V. melanocephalus (Rüppell 1845) JT12, S05 [=Lobivanellus melanocephalus S05, Tylibyx melanocephalus S05]
  V. melanopterus (Cretzschmar 1829) JT12, S05 [=Charadrius melanopterus S05, Stephanibyx melanopterus S05]
  ‘Sarciophorus’ pectoralis N87
  V. senegallus JT12
  V. superciliosus JT12
  V. tectus JT12 [=Sarciophorus tectus RN72a]
  V. tricolor JT12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[N87] North, A. J. 1887. List of references to authentic descriptions of Australian birds' eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1163–1174.

[R87] Ramsay, E. P. 1887. List of Western Australian birds collected by Mr. Cairn, and Mr. W. H. Boyer-Bower, at Derby and its vicinity, with remarks on the species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1085–1100.

[RN72a] Rutgers, A., & K. A. Norris (eds) 1972a. Encyclopaedia of Aviculture vol. 1. London, Blandford Press.

[RN72b] Rutgers, A., & K. A. Norris (eds.) 1972b. Encyclopaedia of Aviculture vol. 2. Blandford Press: London.

[SS66] Sclater, P. L., & O. Salvin. 1866. Catalogue of birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Uyacali, Eastern Peru, with notes and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 175–201.

[SU93] Sonobe, K., & S. Usui (eds.) 1993. A Field Guide to the Waterbirds of Asia. Wild Bird Society of Japan: Tokyo.

[S05] Steinheimer, F. D. 2005. Eduard Rüppel’s avian types at the Natural History Museum, Tring (Aves). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 233–264.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.