Phrymaceae

Southern bush monkeyflower Mimulus aurantiacus ssp. australis, copyright Seán A. O'Hara.

Belongs within: Lamiales.
Contains: Mimulus section Paradanthus, Mimulus section Eunanus.

The Phrymaceae are a smaller group of herbs and subshrubs with tubular, bilaterally symmetrical flowers, most of which were historically classified within the related family Scrophulariaceae.

Characters (from the Jepson Herbarium): Annual to shrub. Stem with cross-section generally round. Leaves opposite, simple, generally entire or toothed; stipules absent. Inflorescence a spike, raceme, or panicle, bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils. Flower bisexual; calyx radial or more or less bilateral, tube long, generally ribbed, lobes 5; corolla generally bilateral, generally 2-lipped, upper 2- (rarely 1-)lobed, lower 3-lobed; stamens 4 in 2 pairs, epipetalous, included or exserted; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers 1–2, placentas parietal or axile, style 1, stigma lobes 2, flat, folding together when touched. Fruit generally a capsule, generally ellipsoid, loculicidal (rarely indehiscent, 1-seeded).

<==Phrymaceae
    |--Phryma leptostachya C55
    |--Microcarpaea minima LK14
    `--Mimulus Linnaeus 1753 BS04, A61 [=M. subg. Mimulus BS04, M. subg. Synplacus BS04; Mimuleae, Mimulinae]
         |  i. s.: M. prostratus BR65
         |         M. repens Br. 1810 [incl. M. colensoi Kirk 1871] A61
         |--M. sect. Mimulus BS04
         |    |--M. uvedaliae BS04
         |    |    |--M. u. var. uvedaliae LK14
         |    |    `--M. u. var. lutea LK14
         |    `--+--M. gracilis BS04
         |       `--M. ringens BS04
         `--+--+--Leucocarpus perfoliatus BS04
            |  `--M. sect. Paradanthus BS04
            `--+--+--Berendtiella rugosa BS04
               |  `--Hemichaena fruticosa BS04
               `--M. subg. Schizoplacus BS04
                    |--Mimulus (sect. Mimuloides) pilosus [=Mimetanthe pilosa] BS04
                    `--+--+--M. parryi BS04
                       |  `--M. rupicola BS04
                       `--+--M. sect. Eunanus BS04
                          `--+--M. (sect. Mimulastrum) pictus BS04
                             `--M. sect. Oenoe BS04
                                  |  i. s.: M. brandegei BS04
                                  |         M. latifolius BS04
                                  |         M. traskiae BS04
                                  |--+--M. pygmaeus BS04
                                  |  `--+--M. tricolor BS04
                                  |     `--+--M. angustatus BS04
                                  |        `--M. pulchellus BS04
                                  `--+--+--M. torreyi BS04
                                     |  `--+--M. kelloggii BS04
                                     |     `--+--M. congdonii BS04
                                     |        `--M. douglasii BS04
                                     `--M. sect. Diplacus BS04
                                          |--M. aridus BS04
                                          |--M. aurantiacus BS04 (see below for synonymy)
                                          |    |--M. a. ssp. aurantiacus BS04
                                          |    `--M. a. ssp. australis BS04
                                          |--M. bifidus BS04
                                          |    |--M. b. ssp. bifidus BS04
                                          |    `--M. b. ssp. fasciculatus BS04
                                          |--M. clevelandii BS04
                                          |--M. flemingii BS04
                                          |--M. longiflorus BS04
                                          |    |--M. l. ssp. longiflorus BS04
                                          |    `--M. l. ssp. calycinus BS04
                                          `--M. puniceus BS04

Mimulus aurantiacus BS04 [incl. M. aurantiacus var. lompocensis H93, M. longiflorus var. rutilus H93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BS04] Beardsley, P. M., S. E. Schoenig, J. B. Whittall & R. G. Olmstead. 2004. Patterns of evolution in western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae). American Journal of Botany 91 (3): 474–489.

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.