Temnopleuroida

Temnotrema maculatum, from here.


Belongs within: Echinacea.

The Temnopleuroida are a group of echinoids with a camarodont lantern known from the Lower Jurassic to the present (Fell & Pawson 1966).

Characters (from Fell & Pawson 1966): Lantern camarodont (unknown in Glyphocyphidae). Test usually sculptured with ridges (epistroma) or sutural depressions or both, at least in immature stages; if test not sculptured, then gill slits very deep and conspicuous. Radioles solid.

<==Temnopleuroida [Temnopleurina]
    |  i. s.: Gagaria Duncan 1889 [incl. Leiopleurus Lambert 1902] FP66
    |           |--*G. venustula (Duncan & Sladen 1884) [=Micropsis venustula] FP66
    |           |--G. mossomi FP66
    |           `--‘Psammechinus’ orbignyi Cotteau 1883 [=*Leiopleurus orbignyi] FP66
    |--Glyphocyphidae [Glyphocyphinae] FP66
    |    |--Arachniopleurus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
    |    |    `--*A. reticulatus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
    |    |--Glyptodiadema Pomel 1883 FP66
    |    |    `--*G. cayluxense (Cotteau 1880) [=Pseudodiadema cayluxense] FP66
    |    |--Progonechinus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
    |    |    `--*P. eocenicus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
    |    |--Radiocyphus Cotteau 1890 FP66
    |    |    `--*R. villanovae Cotteau 1890 FP66
    |    |--Dictyopleurus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
    |    |    |--*D. ziczac Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
    |    |    `--D. haimei FP66
    |    |--Echinopsis Agassiz 1840 [incl. Hebertia Michelin 1859] FP66
    |    |    |--*E. elegans (Desmoulins 1837) [=Echinus elegans] FP66
    |    |    `--E. parisiensis (Michelin 1859) [=*Hebertia parisiensis] FP66
    |    |--Glyphocyphus Haime 1853 FP66
    |    |    |--*G. (Glyphocyphus) radiatus (Hoeninghaus 1826) [=Echinus radiatus] FP66
    |    |    `--G. (Rhabdopleurus Cotteau 1893) [=Cryptocyphus Lambert & Thiéry 1914] FP66
    |    |         `--G. (*R.) ataxensis Cotteau 1886 [=*Cryptocyphus ataxensis] FP66
    |    |--Hemidiadema Agassiz 1846 FP66
    |    |    |--*H. rugosum Agassiz 1846 FP66
    |    |    |--H. intermedium FP66
    |    |    `--H. neocomiense FP66
    |    `--Ambipleurus Lambert 1932 [incl. Medochechinus Jeannet 1935] FP66
    |         |--*A. douvillei (Lambert 1824) [=Dictyopleurus douvillei] FP66
    |         |--A. darchiaci FP66
    |         |--A. darguini FP66
    |         `--*Medochechinus’ fabrei Jeannet 1935 FP66
    |--Toxopneustidae FP66
    |    |--Pseudocentrotus Mortensen 1903 FP66
    |    |    `--*P. depressus (Agassiz 1863) [=Toxocidaris depressa] FP66
    |    |--Cyrtechinus Mortensen 1942 FP66
    |    |    `--*C. verruculatus (Lutken 1864) [=Psammechinus verruculatus] FP66
    |    |--Goniopneustes Duncan 1889 FP66
    |    |    `--*G. pentagonus (Agassiz 1872) [=Amblypneustes pentagonus] FP66
    |    |--Gymnechinus Mortensen 1903 FP66
    |    |    `--*G. robillardi (de Loriol 1883) [=Echinus robillardi] FP66
    |    |--Scoliechinus Arnold & Clark 1927 FP66
    |    |    `--*S. axiologus Arnold & Clark 1927 FP66
    |    |--Nudechinus Clark 1912 [incl. Taxophyma Lambert 1899] FP66
    |    |    |--*N. scotiopremnus Clark 1912 FP66
    |    |    `--N. lyonsi (Gregory 1898) [=Psammechinus lyonsi, *Taxophyma lyonsi] FP66
    |    |--Toxopneustes Agassiz 1841 [=Boletia Desor 1846; incl. Hemiechinus Girard in Agassiz 1872] FP66
    |    |    |--*T. pileolus (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus pileolus, *Boletia pileolus] FP66
    |    |    `--T. roseus FP66
    |    |--Pseudoboletia Troschel 1869 FP66
    |    |    |--*P. stenostoma Troschel 1869 FP66
    |    |    `--P. indiana (Michelin 1862) MG-H11
    |    |--Lytechinus Agassiz 1863 [=Psilechinus Lutken 1864] FP66
    |    |    |--*L. variegatus (Lamarck 1816) FP66 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    `--L. anamesus BK77
    |    |--Oligophyma Pomel 1869 FP66
    |    |    |--*O. oranense Pomel 1869 FP66
    |    |    `--O. cellense FP66
    |    |--Schizechinus Pomel 1869 [incl. Toxophyma Lambert & Thiéry 1925] FP66
    |    |    |--*S. tuberculatus (Pomel 1887) [=Anapesus tuberculatus] FP66
    |    |    `--S. duciei FP66
    |    |--Sphaerechinus Desor 1856 B01
    |    |    |--*S. granularis (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus granularis] FP66
    |    |    |--S. esculentus H04
    |    |    `--S. lividus D56
    |    `--Tripneustes Agassiz 1841 [incl. Heliechinus Girard 1850, Hipponoe Gray 1840 (n. n.)] FP66
    |         |--*T. ventricosus (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus ventricosus; incl. *Heliechinus gouldii Girard 1850] FP66
    |         |--T. esculentus W79
    |         `--T. gratilla (Linnaeus 1758) BM09
    `--Temnopleuridae FP66
         |--Mespilia Desor 1846 FP66
         |    `--*M. globulus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Echinus globulus] FP66
         |--Asterechinus Mortensen 1942 FP66
         |    `--*A. elegans Mortensen 1942 FP66
         |--Erbechinus Jeannet 1935 FP66
         |    `--*E. erbi Jeannet 1935 FP66
         |--Genocidaris Agassiz 1869 FP66
         |    `--*G. maculata Agassiz 1869 FP66
         |--Glyptechinus de Loriol 1873 FP66
         |    `--*G. rochati de Loriol 1873 FP66
         |--Goniosigma Fell 1964 FP66
         |    `--*G. enysi (Hutton 1873) [=Echinus enysi] FP66
         |--Grammechinus Duncan & Sladen 1885 FP66
         |    `--*G. regularis Duncan & Sladen 1885 FP66
         |--Graphepleurus Clark 1945 [=Graphechinus (l. c.)] FP66
         |    `--*G. granularis Clark 1945 FP66
         |--Hypsiechinus Mortensen 1903 FP66
         |    `--*H. coronatus Mortensen 1903 FP66
         |--Irenechinus Fell 1964 FP66
         |    `--*I. hentyi Fell 1964 FP66
         |--Lamprechinus Döderlein 1905 FP66
         |    `--*L. nitidus Döderlein 1905 FP66
         |--Leiocyphus Cotteau 1866 FP66
         |    `--*L. conjunctus (Agassiz 1840) [=Arbacia conjuncta] FP66
         |--Martinechinus Jeannet 1937 FP66
         |    `--*M. molengraaffi Jeannet 1937 FP66
         |--Orechinus Döderlein 1905 FP66
         |    `--*O. monolini (Agassiz 1879) [=Trigonocidaris monolini] FP66
         |--Paratrema Koehler 1927 FP66
         |    `--*P. doederleini (Mortensen 1904) [=Pleurechinus doederleini] FP66
         |--Printechinus Koehler 1927 FP66
         |    `--*P. impressus Koehler 1927 FP66
         |--Prionechinus Agassiz 1879 FP66
         |    `--*P. sagittiger Agassiz 1879 FP66
         |--Pseudarbacina Fourtau 1920 FP66
         |    `--*P. fraasi (Gauthier in Fourtau 1902) [=Arbacina fraasi] FP66
         |--Pseudodicoptella Jeannet 1935 FP66
         |    `--*P. reicheli Jeannet 1935 FP66
         |--Salmaciella Mortensen 1942 FP66
         |    `--*S. dussumieri (Agassiz 1846) [=Salmacis dussumieri] FP66
         |--Temnechinus Forbes 1852 FP66
         |    `--*T. excavatus Forbes 1852 FP66
         |--Zeuglopleurus Gregory 1889 FP66
         |    `--*Z. costulatus Gregory 1889 FP66
         |--Salmacis Agassiz 1841 FP66 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--*S. bicolor Agassiz 1841 FP66
         |    `--‘Echinus’ sphaeroides Linnaeus 1758 [incl. *Melebosis mirabilis Girard 1850] FP66
         |--Amblypneustes Agassiz 1841 FP66
         |    |--*A. ovum (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus ovum] FP66
         |    `--A. pachistus FP66
         |--Arbacina Pomel 1869 FP66
         |    |--*A. monilis (Desmarest 1816) [=Echinus monilis] FP66
         |    `--A. romana FP66
         |--Desmechinus Clark 1923 [incl. Javanechinus Jeannet 1935] FP66
         |    |--*D. anomalus Clark 1923 FP66
         |    `--*Javanechinus’ rembangensis Jeannet 1935 FP66
         |--Echinocyphus Cotteau 1860 FP66
         |    |--*E. tenuistriatus (Desor 1857) [=Glyphocyphus tenuistriatus] FP66
         |    `--E. matronensis FP66
         |--Holopneustes Agassiz 1841 FP66
         |    |--*H. porosissimus Agassiz 1841 FP66
         |    `--H. inflatus FP66
         |--Leptopleurus Lambert & Thiéry 1910 (see below for synonymy) FP66
         |    |--*L. hemisphaericus (Duncan & Sladen 1885) [=*Lepidopleurus hemisphaericus] FP66
         |    `--L. balli FP66
         |--Paradoxechinus Laube 1869 [incl. Coptechinus Cotteau 1883, Ortholophus Duncan 1887] FP66
         |    |--*P. novus Laube 1869 [incl. Temnechinus lineatus Duncan 1876, *Ortholophus lineatus] FP66
         |    `--P. bardini (Cotteau 1883) [=*Coptechinus bardini] FP66
         |--Scolechinus Lambert & Thiéry 1925 FP66
         |    |--*S. dallonii Lambert & Thiéry 1925 FP66
         |    `--S. catenata FP66
         |--Trigonocidaris Agassiz 1869 FP66
         |    |--*T. albida Agassiz 1869 FP66
         |    `--T. micropora FP66
         |--Brochopleurus Fourtau 1920 FP66
         |    |--*B. stellulatus (Duncan & Sladen 1886) [=Temnechinus stellulatus] FP66
         |    |--B. gajensis FP66
         |    `--B. sadeki FP66
         |--Pseudechinus Mortensen 1903 [incl. Notechinus Döderlein 1905] FP66
         |    |--*P. albocinctus (Hutton 1872) [=Echinus albocinctus] FP66
         |    |--P. flemingi FP66
         |    `--‘Echinus’ magellanicus Philippi 1857 [=*Notechinus magellanicus] FP66
         |--Triplacidia Bittner 1891 [incl. Acrocircus Lambert 1911] FP66
         |    |--*T. veronensis (Bittner 1883) [=Micropsis veronensis] FP66
         |    |--T. biarritzensis (Cotteau 1863) [=Micropsis biarritzensis, *Acrocircus biarritzensis] FP66
         |    |--T. fraasi FP66
         |    `--T. stachei FP66
         |--Temnopleurus Agassiz 1841 (see below for synonymy) FP66
         |    |    i. s.: *Prymnechinus’ proctalis Koehler 1927 FP66
         |    |--*T. (Temnopleurus) toreumatica (Leske 1778) [=Cidaris toreumatica] FP66
         |    `--T. (Toreumatica Gray 1855) [incl. Coptopleura Ikeda 1940] FP66
         |         |--T. (*T.) reevesi (Gray 1855) [=*Toreumatica reevesi] FP66
         |         `--*Coptopleura’ sema Ikeda 1940 FP66
         |--Opechinus Desor 1856 [=Pseudopechinus Lambert & Thiéry 1910; incl. Trumechinus Lambert & Thiéry 1910] FP66
         |    |--*O. costatus (d’Archiac & Haime 1853) [=Temnopleurus costatus, *Pseudopechinus costatus] FP66
         |    |--*Trumechinus’ batheri Lambert & Thiéry 1910 FP66
         |    |--O. gerthi FP66
         |    |--O. hookeri FP66
         |    `--O. rousseaui FP66
         |--Microcyphus Agassiz 1846 [incl. Anthechinus Agassiz 1863, Salmacopsis Döderlein 1885] FP66
         |    |--*M. macalatus Agassiz 1846 FP66
         |    |--M. annulatus Mortensen 1904 MG-H11
         |    |--M. javanus FP66
         |    |--M. keiensis Mortensen 1942 MG-H11
         |    |--*Salmacopsis’ olivacea Döderlein 1885 FP66
         |    `--*Anthechinus’ roseus Agassiz 1863 FP66
         `--Temnotrema Agassiz 1863 [incl. Dicoptella Lambert 1907, Paradicoptella Jeannet 1935] FP66
              |--*T. sculptum Agassiz 1863 [incl. *Dicoptella agassizi Lambert 1907] FP66
              |--T. elegans Mortensen 1918 BM09
              |--T. maculatum (Mortensen 1904) MG-H11
              |--T. pulchellum FP66
              |--*Paradicoptella’ rutteni Jeannet 1935 FP66
              |--T. scillae (Mazzetti 1894) MG-H11
              `--T. siamense (Mortensen 1904) MG-H11

Leptopleurus Lambert & Thiéry 1910 [=Lepidopleurus Duncan & Sladen 1885 nec Risso 1826 nec Claparède 1868 nec Carpenter in Dall 1879] FP66

*Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck 1816) FP66 [=Echinus variegatus FP66, *Psilechinus variegatus FP66, Toxopneustes variegata BK77]

Salmacis Agassiz 1841 FP66 [incl. Diploporus Troschel 1866 FP66, Melebosis Girard 1850 FP66, Malebosis (l. c.) FP66, Melobosis Girard 1851 A66]

Temnopleurus Agassiz 1841 [incl. Prymnechinus Koehler 1927, Temnotrema Lambert & Jeannet 1935 non Agassiz 1863] FP66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A66] Anon. 1966. Doubtful nominal genera of echinoids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U633. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[B01] Boczarowski, A. 2001. Isolated sclerites of Devonian non-pelmatozoan echinoderms. Palaeontologia Polonica 59: 1–219.

[BM09] Bryce, C., & L. Marsh. 2009. Echinodermata (Asteroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 209–220.

[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.

[FP66] Fell, H. B., & D. L. Pawson. 1966. Echinacea. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U367–U440. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[W79] Warner, G. F. 1979. Aggregation in echinoderms. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 375–396. Academic Press: London.

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