Belongs within: Echinacea.
The Temnopleuroida are a group of echinoids with a camarodont lantern known from the Lower Jurassic to the present (Fell & Pawson 1966).
Characters (from Fell & Pawson 1966): Lantern camarodont (unknown in Glyphocyphidae). Test usually sculptured with ridges (epistroma) or sutural depressions or both, at least in immature stages; if test not sculptured, then gill slits very deep and conspicuous. Radioles solid.
<==Temnopleuroida [Temnopleurina]
| i. s.: Gagaria Duncan 1889 [incl. Leiopleurus Lambert 1902] FP66
| |--*G. venustula (Duncan & Sladen 1884) [=Micropsis venustula] FP66
| |--G. mossomi FP66
| `--‘Psammechinus’ orbignyi Cotteau 1883 [=*Leiopleurus orbignyi] FP66
|--Glyphocyphidae [Glyphocyphinae] FP66
| |--Arachniopleurus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
| | `--*A. reticulatus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
| |--Glyptodiadema Pomel 1883 FP66
| | `--*G. cayluxense (Cotteau 1880) [=Pseudodiadema cayluxense] FP66
| |--Progonechinus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
| | `--*P. eocenicus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
| |--Radiocyphus Cotteau 1890 FP66
| | `--*R. villanovae Cotteau 1890 FP66
| |--Dictyopleurus Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
| | |--*D. ziczac Duncan & Sladen 1882 FP66
| | `--D. haimei FP66
| |--Echinopsis Agassiz 1840 [incl. Hebertia Michelin 1859] FP66
| | |--*E. elegans (Desmoulins 1837) [=Echinus elegans] FP66
| | `--E. parisiensis (Michelin 1859) [=*Hebertia parisiensis] FP66
| |--Glyphocyphus Haime 1853 FP66
| | |--*G. (Glyphocyphus) radiatus (Hoeninghaus 1826) [=Echinus radiatus] FP66
| | `--G. (Rhabdopleurus Cotteau 1893) [=Cryptocyphus Lambert & Thiéry 1914] FP66
| | `--G. (*R.) ataxensis Cotteau 1886 [=*Cryptocyphus ataxensis] FP66
| |--Hemidiadema Agassiz 1846 FP66
| | |--*H. rugosum Agassiz 1846 FP66
| | |--H. intermedium FP66
| | `--H. neocomiense FP66
| `--Ambipleurus Lambert 1932 [incl. Medochechinus Jeannet 1935] FP66
| |--*A. douvillei (Lambert 1824) [=Dictyopleurus douvillei] FP66
| |--A. darchiaci FP66
| |--A. darguini FP66
| `--‘*Medochechinus’ fabrei Jeannet 1935 FP66
|--Toxopneustidae FP66
| |--Pseudocentrotus Mortensen 1903 FP66
| | `--*P. depressus (Agassiz 1863) [=Toxocidaris depressa] FP66
| |--Cyrtechinus Mortensen 1942 FP66
| | `--*C. verruculatus (Lutken 1864) [=Psammechinus verruculatus] FP66
| |--Goniopneustes Duncan 1889 FP66
| | `--*G. pentagonus (Agassiz 1872) [=Amblypneustes pentagonus] FP66
| |--Gymnechinus Mortensen 1903 FP66
| | `--*G. robillardi (de Loriol 1883) [=Echinus robillardi] FP66
| |--Scoliechinus Arnold & Clark 1927 FP66
| | `--*S. axiologus Arnold & Clark 1927 FP66
| |--Nudechinus Clark 1912 [incl. Taxophyma Lambert 1899] FP66
| | |--*N. scotiopremnus Clark 1912 FP66
| | `--N. lyonsi (Gregory 1898) [=Psammechinus lyonsi, *Taxophyma lyonsi] FP66
| |--Toxopneustes Agassiz 1841 [=Boletia Desor 1846; incl. Hemiechinus Girard in Agassiz 1872] FP66
| | |--*T. pileolus (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus pileolus, *Boletia pileolus] FP66
| | `--T. roseus FP66
| |--Pseudoboletia Troschel 1869 FP66
| | |--*P. stenostoma Troschel 1869 FP66
| | `--P. indiana (Michelin 1862) MG-H11
| |--Lytechinus Agassiz 1863 [=Psilechinus Lutken 1864] FP66
| | |--*L. variegatus (Lamarck 1816) FP66 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--L. anamesus BK77
| |--Oligophyma Pomel 1869 FP66
| | |--*O. oranense Pomel 1869 FP66
| | `--O. cellense FP66
| |--Schizechinus Pomel 1869 [incl. Toxophyma Lambert & Thiéry 1925] FP66
| | |--*S. tuberculatus (Pomel 1887) [=Anapesus tuberculatus] FP66
| | `--S. duciei FP66
| |--Sphaerechinus Desor 1856 B01
| | |--*S. granularis (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus granularis] FP66
| | |--S. esculentus H04
| | `--S. lividus D56
| `--Tripneustes Agassiz 1841 [incl. Heliechinus Girard 1850, Hipponoe Gray 1840 (n. n.)] FP66
| |--*T. ventricosus (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus ventricosus; incl. *Heliechinus gouldii Girard 1850] FP66
| |--T. esculentus W79
| `--T. gratilla (Linnaeus 1758) BM09
`--Temnopleuridae FP66
|--Mespilia Desor 1846 FP66
| `--*M. globulus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Echinus globulus] FP66
|--Asterechinus Mortensen 1942 FP66
| `--*A. elegans Mortensen 1942 FP66
|--Erbechinus Jeannet 1935 FP66
| `--*E. erbi Jeannet 1935 FP66
|--Genocidaris Agassiz 1869 FP66
| `--*G. maculata Agassiz 1869 FP66
|--Glyptechinus de Loriol 1873 FP66
| `--*G. rochati de Loriol 1873 FP66
|--Goniosigma Fell 1964 FP66
| `--*G. enysi (Hutton 1873) [=Echinus enysi] FP66
|--Grammechinus Duncan & Sladen 1885 FP66
| `--*G. regularis Duncan & Sladen 1885 FP66
|--Graphepleurus Clark 1945 [=Graphechinus (l. c.)] FP66
| `--*G. granularis Clark 1945 FP66
|--Hypsiechinus Mortensen 1903 FP66
| `--*H. coronatus Mortensen 1903 FP66
|--Irenechinus Fell 1964 FP66
| `--*I. hentyi Fell 1964 FP66
|--Lamprechinus Döderlein 1905 FP66
| `--*L. nitidus Döderlein 1905 FP66
|--Leiocyphus Cotteau 1866 FP66
| `--*L. conjunctus (Agassiz 1840) [=Arbacia conjuncta] FP66
|--Martinechinus Jeannet 1937 FP66
| `--*M. molengraaffi Jeannet 1937 FP66
|--Orechinus Döderlein 1905 FP66
| `--*O. monolini (Agassiz 1879) [=Trigonocidaris monolini] FP66
|--Paratrema Koehler 1927 FP66
| `--*P. doederleini (Mortensen 1904) [=Pleurechinus doederleini] FP66
|--Printechinus Koehler 1927 FP66
| `--*P. impressus Koehler 1927 FP66
|--Prionechinus Agassiz 1879 FP66
| `--*P. sagittiger Agassiz 1879 FP66
|--Pseudarbacina Fourtau 1920 FP66
| `--*P. fraasi (Gauthier in Fourtau 1902) [=Arbacina fraasi] FP66
|--Pseudodicoptella Jeannet 1935 FP66
| `--*P. reicheli Jeannet 1935 FP66
|--Salmaciella Mortensen 1942 FP66
| `--*S. dussumieri (Agassiz 1846) [=Salmacis dussumieri] FP66
|--Temnechinus Forbes 1852 FP66
| `--*T. excavatus Forbes 1852 FP66
|--Zeuglopleurus Gregory 1889 FP66
| `--*Z. costulatus Gregory 1889 FP66
|--Salmacis Agassiz 1841 FP66 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*S. bicolor Agassiz 1841 FP66
| `--‘Echinus’ sphaeroides Linnaeus 1758 [incl. *Melebosis mirabilis Girard 1850] FP66
|--Amblypneustes Agassiz 1841 FP66
| |--*A. ovum (Lamarck 1816) [=Echinus ovum] FP66
| `--A. pachistus FP66
|--Arbacina Pomel 1869 FP66
| |--*A. monilis (Desmarest 1816) [=Echinus monilis] FP66
| `--A. romana FP66
|--Desmechinus Clark 1923 [incl. Javanechinus Jeannet 1935] FP66
| |--*D. anomalus Clark 1923 FP66
| `--‘*Javanechinus’ rembangensis Jeannet 1935 FP66
|--Echinocyphus Cotteau 1860 FP66
| |--*E. tenuistriatus (Desor 1857) [=Glyphocyphus tenuistriatus] FP66
| `--E. matronensis FP66
|--Holopneustes Agassiz 1841 FP66
| |--*H. porosissimus Agassiz 1841 FP66
| `--H. inflatus FP66
|--Leptopleurus Lambert & Thiéry 1910 (see below for synonymy) FP66
| |--*L. hemisphaericus (Duncan & Sladen 1885) [=*Lepidopleurus hemisphaericus] FP66
| `--L. balli FP66
|--Paradoxechinus Laube 1869 [incl. Coptechinus Cotteau 1883, Ortholophus Duncan 1887] FP66
| |--*P. novus Laube 1869 [incl. Temnechinus lineatus Duncan 1876, *Ortholophus lineatus] FP66
| `--P. bardini (Cotteau 1883) [=*Coptechinus bardini] FP66
|--Scolechinus Lambert & Thiéry 1925 FP66
| |--*S. dallonii Lambert & Thiéry 1925 FP66
| `--S. catenata FP66
|--Trigonocidaris Agassiz 1869 FP66
| |--*T. albida Agassiz 1869 FP66
| `--T. micropora FP66
|--Brochopleurus Fourtau 1920 FP66
| |--*B. stellulatus (Duncan & Sladen 1886) [=Temnechinus stellulatus] FP66
| |--B. gajensis FP66
| `--B. sadeki FP66
|--Pseudechinus Mortensen 1903 [incl. Notechinus Döderlein 1905] FP66
| |--*P. albocinctus (Hutton 1872) [=Echinus albocinctus] FP66
| |--P. flemingi FP66
| `--‘Echinus’ magellanicus Philippi 1857 [=*Notechinus magellanicus] FP66
|--Triplacidia Bittner 1891 [incl. Acrocircus Lambert 1911] FP66
| |--*T. veronensis (Bittner 1883) [=Micropsis veronensis] FP66
| |--T. biarritzensis (Cotteau 1863) [=Micropsis biarritzensis, *Acrocircus biarritzensis] FP66
| |--T. fraasi FP66
| `--T. stachei FP66
|--Temnopleurus Agassiz 1841 (see below for synonymy) FP66
| | i. s.: ‘*Prymnechinus’ proctalis Koehler 1927 FP66
| |--*T. (Temnopleurus) toreumatica (Leske 1778) [=Cidaris toreumatica] FP66
| `--T. (Toreumatica Gray 1855) [incl. Coptopleura Ikeda 1940] FP66
| |--T. (*T.) reevesi (Gray 1855) [=*Toreumatica reevesi] FP66
| `--‘*Coptopleura’ sema Ikeda 1940 FP66
|--Opechinus Desor 1856 [=Pseudopechinus Lambert & Thiéry 1910; incl. Trumechinus Lambert & Thiéry 1910] FP66
| |--*O. costatus (d’Archiac & Haime 1853) [=Temnopleurus costatus, *Pseudopechinus costatus] FP66
| |--‘*Trumechinus’ batheri Lambert & Thiéry 1910 FP66
| |--O. gerthi FP66
| |--O. hookeri FP66
| `--O. rousseaui FP66
|--Microcyphus Agassiz 1846 [incl. Anthechinus Agassiz 1863, Salmacopsis Döderlein 1885] FP66
| |--*M. macalatus Agassiz 1846 FP66
| |--M. annulatus Mortensen 1904 MG-H11
| |--M. javanus FP66
| |--M. keiensis Mortensen 1942 MG-H11
| |--‘*Salmacopsis’ olivacea Döderlein 1885 FP66
| `--‘*Anthechinus’ roseus Agassiz 1863 FP66
`--Temnotrema Agassiz 1863 [incl. Dicoptella Lambert 1907, Paradicoptella Jeannet 1935] FP66
|--*T. sculptum Agassiz 1863 [incl. *Dicoptella agassizi Lambert 1907] FP66
|--T. elegans Mortensen 1918 BM09
|--T. maculatum (Mortensen 1904) MG-H11
|--T. pulchellum FP66
|--‘*Paradicoptella’ rutteni Jeannet 1935 FP66
|--T. scillae (Mazzetti 1894) MG-H11
`--T. siamense (Mortensen 1904) MG-H11
Leptopleurus Lambert & Thiéry 1910 [=Lepidopleurus Duncan & Sladen 1885 nec Risso 1826 nec Claparède 1868 nec Carpenter in Dall 1879] FP66
*Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck 1816) FP66 [=Echinus variegatus FP66, *Psilechinus variegatus FP66, Toxopneustes variegata BK77]
Salmacis Agassiz 1841 FP66 [incl. Diploporus Troschel 1866 FP66, Melebosis Girard 1850 FP66, Malebosis (l. c.) FP66, Melobosis Girard 1851 A66]
Temnopleurus Agassiz 1841 [incl. Prymnechinus Koehler 1927, Temnotrema Lambert & Jeannet 1935 non Agassiz 1863] FP66
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[A66] Anon. 1966. Doubtful nominal genera of echinoids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U633. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.
[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.
[B01] Boczarowski, A. 2001. Isolated sclerites of Devonian non-pelmatozoan echinoderms. Palaeontologia Polonica 59: 1–219.
[BM09] Bryce, C., & L. Marsh. 2009. Echinodermata (Asteroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 209–220.
[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.
[FP66] Fell, H. B., & D. L. Pawson. 1966. Echinacea. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U367–U440. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[W79] Warner, G. F. 1979. Aggregation in echinoderms. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 375–396. Academic Press: London.
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