Cassiduloida

Lateral view of Pygurus montmollini, from here.

Belongs within: Atelostomata.
Contains: Pliolampadidae, Nucleolitidae.

The Cassiduloida are a group of irregular echinoids with a more or less flat oral surface and rounded aboral surface, known from the Jurassic to the present (Kier 1966).

Characters (from Kier 1966): Ambulacra petaloid adapically; periproct outside apical system; phyllodes and bourrelets usually present; no jaws or gill slits in adult.

<==Cassiduloida
    |--Clypeidae K66
    |    |--Bothryopneustes Fourtau 1924 [incl. Clypeobrissus Currie 1925] K66
    |    |    |--*B. lamberti Fourtau 1924 K66
    |    |    `--B. somaliensis (Currie 1925) [=*Clypeobrissus somaliensis] K66
    |    `--+--Astrolampas Pomel 1883 K66
    |       |    `--*A. productus (Agassiz 1836) [=Pygurus productus] K66
    |       `--+--Clypeus Leske 1778 (see below for synonymy) K66
    |          |    |--*C. plotii Leske 1778 [=*Echinoclypeus plotii] K66
    |          |    |--‘Nucleolites’ agassizi Wright 1851 [=*Crotoclypeus agassizi] K66
    |          |    |--‘Nucleolites’ michelini Wright 1851 [=*Auloclypeus michelini] K66
    |          |    |--C. sinuatus K66
    |          |    `--C. wylliei Currie 1925 [=*Dactyloclypeus wylliei] K66
    |          `--+--Pseudopygurus Lambert 1911 K66
    |             |    `--*P. letteroni Lambert 1911 K66
    |             `--Pygurus Agassiz 1839 [incl. Echinanthites Leske 1778] K66
    |                  |--P. (Mepygurus Pomel 1883) K66
    |                  |    `--P. (M.) depressus Agassiz 1847 [=P. (*M.) michelini Cotteau 1849] K66
    |                  `--+--P. (Pygurus) K66 [incl. Echinonaus de la Beche 1822 A66, Echinopygus d’Orbigny 1856 K66]
    |                     |    |--*P. (P.) montmollini (Agassiz 1836) [=Echinopygus montmollini] K66
    |                     |    `--‘Clypeaster’ oviformis Lamarck 1816 [=*Echinopygus oviformis] K66
    |                     `--P. (Pyguropsis de Loriol 1902) K66
    |                          `--P. (*P.) noetlingi de Loriol 1899 K66
    `--+--Galeropygidae K66
       |    |--Galeropygus Cotteau 1856 [=Galeopygus (l. c.); incl. Ressopygus Pomel 1883] K66
       |    |    |--*G. agariciformis (Wright 1851) [=Hyboclypus agariciformis] K66
       |    |    `--‘Clypeus’ constantini Cotteau 1873 [=*Ressopygus constantini] K66
       |    `--Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839 (see below for synonymy) K66
       |         |--*H. gibberulus Agassiz 1839 K66
       |         `--H. caudatus Wright 1851 [=*Aulacopygus caudatus] K66
       `--+--Nucleolitidae K66
          |--Apatopygus Hawkins 1920 [Apatopygidae] K66
          |    `--*A. recens (Edwards 1836) [=Nucleolites recens] K66
          `--Cassidulidae K66
               |--Nucleopygus Agassiz 1840 [=Lychnidius Pomel 1883, Porobrissus Lambert 1916] K66
               |    |--*N. minor Desor 1842 K66
               |    |--‘Echinobrissus’ angustatus Clark 1915 [=*Porobrissus angustatus] K66
               |    `--‘Nucleolites’ scrobiculatus Goldfuss 1826 [=*Lychnidius scrobiculatus] K66
               `--+--Ochetes Pomel 1883 K66
                  |    `--*O. morrisii (Forbes 1849) [=Nucleolites morrisii] K66
                  `--+--Hypsopygaster Bajarunas 1915 K66
                     |    `--*H. ungosensis Bajarunas 1915 K66
                     |--Cassidulus Lamarck 1801 K66 (see below for synonymy)
                     |    |--*C. cariboearum Lamarck 1801 K66
                     |    `--C. sorigneti Cotteau 1887 [=*Glossaster sorigneti] K66
                     |--Rhynchopygus d’Orbigny 1856 (see below for synonymy) K66
                     |    |--*R. marmini (Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor 1847) [=Cassidulus marmini] K66
                     |    |--‘Echinites’ lapiscaneri Leske 1778 [=*Procassidulus lapiscaneri] K66
                     |    `--‘*Paralampas’ pileus Duncan & Sladen 1882 K66
                     `--Rhyncholampas Agassiz 1869 (see below for synonymy) K66
                          |--*R. pacificus (Agassiz 1863) [=Pygorhynchus pacificus] K66
                          |--‘*Anisopetalus’ ellipticus Arnold & Clark 1927 K66
                          |--‘Nucleolites’ grignonensis Defrance 1825 (see below for synonymy) K66
                          |--‘Rhynchopygus’ navillei de Loriol 1880 [=*Gisopygus navillei] K66
                          `--‘*Galerolampas’ sorigneti Cotteau 1889 K66

Cassiduloida incertae sedis:
  Archiaciidae [Archiacidae] K66
    |--Archiacia Agassiz 1847 K66
    |    `--*A. sandalina Agassiz 1847 K66
    `--Gentilia Lambert 1918 [incl. Thomasaster Lambert 1920, Thomasia Lambert 1918 non Poche 1908] K66
         |--*G. tafiletensis Lambert 1918 K66
         |--‘Archiacia’ araidahensis Gauthier 1889 [=*Thomasaster araidahensis, *Thomasia araidahensis] K66
         `--G. syriensis K66
  Pliolampadidae K66
  Astropygaulus Checchia-Rispoli 1945 K66
    `--*A. trigonopygus Checchia-Rispoli 1945 K66
  Centropygus Ebray 1858 [=Antropygus (l. c.), Centroclypus (l. c.)] K66
    `--*C. guetinicus Ebray 1859 [=Antropygus guetinicus] K66
  Claviaster d’Orbigny 1856 [incl. Passalaster Pomel 1883] K66
    |--*C. cornutus (Agassiz 1847) [=Archiacia cornuta] K66
    `--‘C. cornutus’ Pomel 1883 non Archiacia cornuta Agassiz 1847 [=*Passalaster cornutus] K66
  Clypeanthus Cotteau 1894 K66
    `--*C. pentagonalis (Fraas 1878) [=Toxaster pentagonalis] K66
  Echinanthus Leske 1778 (n. d.) K66
    `--*E. ivatus Leske 1778 K66
  Jolyclypus Lambert 1918 K66
    `--*J. jolyi (Gauthier 1898) [=Galeropygus jolyi] K66
  Lovenilampas Maury 1934 K66
    `--*L. baixadoleitensis (Maury 1934) [=Lovenia baixadoleitensis] K66
  Platipygus de Loriol 1902 K66
    `--*P. posthumum (Ortmann 1901) [=Cyrtoma posthumum] K66
  Corystus Pomel 1883 (n. d.) A66

Cassidulus Lamarck 1801 K66 [=Cassidula (l. c.) non Gray 1847 BR05; incl. Glossaster Lambert 1918 K66]

Clypeus Leske 1778 [=Echinoclypeus de Blainville 1830; incl. Auloclypeus Pomel 1883, Crotoclypeus Pomel 1883, Dactyloclypeus Maccagno 1847] K66

Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839 [=Hyboclipus (l. c.), Hyboclybus (l. c.), Hyboclypeus (l. c.), Hybodyhus (l. c.); incl. Aulacopygus Pomel 1883] K66

‘Nucleolites’ grignonensis Defrance 1825 [=*Plagiopygus grignonensis, *Pleuropygus grignonensis] K66

Rhyncholampas Agassiz 1869 [incl. Anisopetalus Arnold & Clark 1927, Galerolampas Cotteau 1889, Gisopygus Gauthier 1889, Plagiopygus Lambert 1898, Pleuropygus Lambert & Thiéry 1913] K66

Rhynchopygus d’Orbigny 1856 [incl. Paralampas Duncan & Sladen 1882, Procassidulus Lambert 1918] K66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A66] Anon. 1966. Doubtful nominal genera of echinoids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U633. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[K66] Kier, P. M. 1966. Cassiduloids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U492–U523. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.