Nucleolitidae

Nucleolites scutatus, from the Natural History Museum.

Belongs within: Cassiduloida.
Contains: Echinolampadidae.

The Nucleolitidae are recognised as a group of irregular echinoids known from the Middle Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous; however, they are also ancestral to a number of other families of cassiduloids with members ranging up to the present day (Kier 1966).

Characters (from Kier 1966): Apical system tetrabasal; petals moderately developed, usually open, with narrow poriferous zones; usually double pores in all ambulacral plates; phyllodes narrow; bourrelets moderately developed.

<==Nucleolitidae K66
    |--Clypeopygus d’Orbigny 1856 K66
    |    `--*C. paultrei (Cotteau 1851) [=Clypeus paultrei] K66
    |--Pseudosorella Étallon 1859 [=Pseudodesorella (l. c.); incl. Neoclypeus de Loriol 1901] K66
    |    |--*P. orbignyana (Cotteau 1855) [=Desoria orbignyana] K66
    |    `--‘*Neoclypeus’ syriacus de Loriol 1901 K66
    |--Nucleolites Lamarck 1801 (see below for synonymy) K66
    |    |--*N. scutatus Lamarck 1816 [=*Echinobrissus scutatus] K66
    |    |--N. amplus Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor 1847 [=*Notopygus amplus] K66
    |    |--‘Echinobrissus’ burgundiae Cotteau 1871 [=*Acromazus burgundiae] K66
    |    |--N. cordatus Goldfuss 1826 [=*Lophopygus cordatus] K66
    |    |--N. elongatus Agassiz 1840 [=*Holcoepygus elongatus] K66
    |    |--N. gracilis Agassiz 1840 [=*Cluniculus gracilis] K66
    |    |--‘Echinobrissus’ humilis Gauthier 1875 [=*Thigopygus humilis] K66
    |    |--‘Echinobrissus’ lorioli Cotteau 1871 [=*Clitopygus lorioli] K66
    |    |--‘*Heteronucleus’ peroni Lambert 1911 K66
    |    `--N. subquadratus Agassiz 1839 [=*Taphropygus subquadratus] K66
    `--+--+--Hemicara Schlüter 1902 K66
       |  |    `--*H. pomeranum Schlüter 1902 K66
       |  |--Catopygus Agassiz 1836 [incl. Penesticta Pomel 1883] K66
       |  |    |--*C. carinatus (Goldfuss 1826) [=Nucleolites carinatus] K66
       |  |    `--‘*Oolopygus’ bargesii d’Orbigny 1856 [=*Penesticta bargesii] K66
       |  `--Oolopygus d’Orbigny 1856 [incl. Pseudonucleus Lambert 1920] K66
       |       |--*O. gracilis Lambert 1909 (see below for synonymy) K66
       |       `--‘*Pseudonucleus’ malladai Lambert 1920 K66
       |--+--Pygaulus Agassiz 1847 K66
       |  |    `--*P. desmoulinsii Agassiz 1847 K66
       |  |--+--Plagiochasma Pomel 1883 [=Dochmostoma Duncan 1891, Trematopygus d’Orbigny 1857] K66
       |  |  |    `--*P. olfersii (Agassiz 1836) (see below for synonymy) K66
       |  |  `--Pygopistes Pomel 1883 K66
       |  |       `--*P. coquandi (Cotteau 1869) [=Pygaulus coquandi; incl. Catopygus floridus (n. n.)] K66
       |  `--+--+--Echinolampadidae K66
       |     |  `--Pygorhynchus Agassiz 1839 [=Botriopygus d’Orbigny 1856, Bothriopygus (l. c.)] K66
       |     |       `--*P. obovatus (Agassiz 1836) [=Catopygus obovatus, *Botriopygus obovatus] K66
       |     `--+--Hypopygurus Gauthier 1889 K66
       |        |    `--*H. gaudryi Gauthier 1889 K66
       |        `--Clypeolampadidae K66
       |             |--Clypeolampas Pomel 1869 [=Phylloclypeus de Loriol 1880] K66
       |             |    `--C. ovatus (Lamarck 1816) (see below for synonymy) K66
       |             `--Vologesia Cotteau & Gauthier 1895 (see below for synonymy) K66
       |                  |--*V. tataosi Cotteau & Gauthier 1895 K66
       |                  |--‘*Hungaresia’ hungarica Szörényi 1955 K66
       |                  |--V. ovum K66
       |                  `--‘*Pseudovulechinus’ rotundatus Szörényi 1955 K66
       `--+--Phyllobrissus Cotteau 1859 (see below for synonymy) K66
          |    |--*P. gresslyi (Agassiz 1839) [=Catopygus gresslyi] K66
          |    |--‘Nucleolites’ cerceleti Desor in Agassiz & Desor 1847 [=*Anthobrissus cerceleti] K66
          |    `--‘Echinobrissus’ requieni Desor in Agassiz & Desor 1847 (see below for synonymy) K66
          `--Faujasiidae K66
               |  i. s.: Domechinus Kier 1962 K66
               |           `--*D. chelonium (Cooke 1953) [=Faujasia chelonium] K66
               |--+--Eurypetalum Kier 1962 K66
               |  |    `--*E. faujasii (Desmoulins 1837) [=Echinolampas faujasia] K66
               |  |--Lefortia Cossmann 1901 [=Pomelia de Loriol 1900 non Zittel 1878, Pomelopsis de Loriol 1901] K66
               |  |    `--*L. delgadoi (de Loriol 1900) [=*Pomelia delgadoi, *Pomelopsis delgadoi] K66
               |  |--Faujasia d’Orbigny 1856 K66
               |  |    `--*F. apicalis (Desor 1847) [=Pygurus apicalis] K66
               |  `--Petalobrissus Lambert 1916 K66
               |       |--*P. setifensis (Cotteau 1866) [=Echinobrissus setifensis] K66
               |       `--P. lefebvrei K66
               `--+--+--Stigmatopygus d’Orbigny 1856 K66
                  |  |    `--*S. galeatus d’Orbigny 1856 K66
                  |  |--Pygurostoma Cotteau & Gauthier 1895 K66
                  |  |    `--*P. morgani Cotteau & Gauthier 1895 K66
                  |  `--Gongrochanus Kier 1962 [=Cyrtoma M’Clelland 1840 non Meigen 1824] K66
                  |       `--*G. herscheliana (M’Clelland 1840) [=*Cyrtoma herscheliana] K66
                  `--+--Pygidiolampas Clark 1923 K66
                     |    `--*P. eurynota Clark 1923 K66
                     |--Fauraster Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry 1924 K66
                     |    `--*F. priscus Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry 1924 K66
                     |--Australanthus Bittner 1892 K66
                     |    `--*A. longianus (Gregory 1890) [=Cassidulus longianus] K66
                     `--Hardouinia Haime in d’Archiac & Haime 1853 (see below for synonymy) K66
                          |--*H. mortonis (Michelin 1850) [=Pygorhynchus mortonis] K66
                          |--‘Cassidulus’ conoideus Clark in Clark & Twitchell 1915 (see below for synonymy) K66
                          `--‘*Gonioclypeus’ subangulata Emmons 1858 K66

‘Cassidulus’ conoideus Clark in Clark & Twitchell 1915 [=*Clarkiella conoidea, *Cossmanaster conoideus] K66

Clypeolampas ovatus (Lamarck 1816) [=Galerites ovatus; incl. Clypeaster leskei Goldfuss 1829, *Clypeolampas leskei] K66

‘Echinobrissus’ requieni Desor in Agassiz & Desor 1847 [=*Asterobrissus requieni, *Trochalia requieni] K66

Hardouinia Haime in d’Archiac & Haime 1853 [=Harduinia (l. c.); incl. Clarkiella Lambert 1916, Clarkella (l. c.) non Walcott 1908, Cossmanaster Lambert 1920, Gonioclypeus Emmons 1858] K66

Nucleolites Lamarck 1801 [=Echinobrissus Gray 1825; incl. Acromazus Pomel 1883, Clitopygus Pomel 1883, Cluniculus Pomel 1883, Heteronucleus Lambert 1911, Holcoepygus Pomel 1883, Lophopygus Pomel 1883, Notopygus Pomel 1883, Taphropygus Pomel 1883, Thigopygus Pomel 1883] K66

*Oolopygus gracilis Lambert 1909 [incl. *O. pyriformis d’Orbigny 1856 non Echinites pyriformis Leske 1778] K66

Phyllobrissus Cotteau 1859 [incl. Anthobrissus Pomel 1883, Asterobrissus de Loriol 1888, Trochalia Pomel 1883] K66

*Plagiochasma olfersii (Agassiz 1836) [=Nucleolites olfersii, *Dochmostoma olfersii, *Trematopygus olfersii] K66

Vologesia Cotteau & Gauthier 1895 [incl. Hungaresia Szörényi 1955, Pseudovulechinus Szörényi 1955] K66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K66] Kier, P. M. 1966. Cassiduloids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 2 pp. U492–U523. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.