Pleurogona

Sea grape Molgula manhattensis, copyright Wilfried Bay-Nouailhat.

Belongs within: Urochordata.

The Pleurogona are a group of tunicates characterised by a folded pharyngeal basket, and the lack of an abdomen.

<==Pleurogona [Stolidobranchiata]
    |--Molgulidae MG-H11
    |    |--Eugyra arenosa M62
    |    |--Bostrichobranchus SM10
    |    `--Molgula Forbes & Hanley 1848 M86
    |         |--M. citrina SM10
    |         |--M. elva Kott 2008 MG-H11
    |         |--M. hirta Monniot 1965 M86
    |         |--M. manhattensis (De Kay 1843) L70
    |         |--M. occidentalis SM10
    |         |--M. oculata CGS00
    |         |--M. retortiformis SM10
    |         |--M. tectiformis J-GP07
    |         `--M. tubulosa H04
    |--Pyuridae MG-H11
    |    |--Cratostigma gravellophila M62
    |    |--Halocynthia SM10
    |    |    |--H. aurantiaca RZ03
    |    |    `--H. roretzi SM10
    |    |--Pyura MG-H11
    |    |    |--P. chilensis GO78
    |    |    |--P. pachydermatina KG03
    |    |    |--P. scortea Kott 1985 MG-H11
    |    |    `--P. stolonifera G75
    |    |--Herdmania MG-H11
    |    |    |--H. curvata CGS00
    |    |    |--H. grandis (Heller 1878) MG-H11
    |    |    `--H. momus (Savigny 1816) MG-H11
    |    `--Heterostigma Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1924 M86
    |         |--H. fagei Monniot & Monniot 1961 M86
    |         |--H. gonochorica Monniot 1965 M86
    |         |--H. reptans Monniot & Monniot 1963 M86
    |         `--H. separ Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1924 M86
    `--Styelidae MG-H11
         |  i. s.: Polycarpa Heller 1877 M86
         |           |--P. argentata (Sluiter 1890) MG-H11
         |           |--P. arnbackae Monniot 1964 M86
         |           |--P. aurita (Sluiter 1890) MG-H11
         |           |--P. chinensis (Tokioka 1967) MG-H11
         |           |--P. decipiens Herdman 1906 MG-H11
         |           |--P. pentarhiza Monniot 1965 M86
         |           `--P. viridis Herdman 1881 MG-H11
         |         Cnemidocarpa MG-H11
         |           |--C. bicornuata HS01
         |           |--C. completa Kott 1985 MG-H11
         |           `--C. radicosa (Herdman 1882) MG-H11
         |         Stolonica aluta Kott 1985 MG-H11
         |--Botryllinae S79
         |    |--Botrylloides S79
         |    |    |--B. leachi (Savigny 1816) HJ08
         |    |    `--B. purpureus H04
         |    `--Botryllus HJ08
         |         |--B. helleborus H04
         |         |--B. marionis H04
         |         |--B. polycyclus H04
         |         |--B. primigenius S79
         |         |--B. rubigo H04
         |         `--B. schlosseri (Pallas 1766) HJ08
         `--Styelinae M62
              |--Psammostyela Weinstein 1961 M62, M86
              |    `--P. delamarei Weinstein 1961 M86
              `--Styela MG-H11
                   |--S. clava Herdman 1881 HJ08 MG-H11
                   `--S. plicata (Lesueur 1823) MG-H11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CGS00] Cameron, C. B., J. R. Garey & B. J. Swalla. 2000. Evolution of the chordate body plan: new insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97 (9): 4469–4474.

[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.

[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General’s Department: Brisbane (Australia).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[J-GP07] Jiménez-Guri, E., H. Philippe, B. Okamura & P. W. H. Holland. 2007. Buddenbrockia is a cnidarian worm. Science 317: 116–118.

[KG03] Kingsley, R. J., R. van Gilder, R. Z. LeGros & N. Watabe. 2003. Multimineral calcareous deposits in the marine alga Acetabularia acetabulum (Chlorophyta; Dasycladaceae). Journal of Phycology 39: 937–947.

[L70] Leloup, E. 1970. Recherches sur l’ostreiculture dans le bassin de chasse d’Ostende en 1968. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (6): 1–24.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[M86] Monniot, F. 1986. Urochordata=Tunicata: les ascidies interstitielles. In: Botosaneanu, L.(ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 705–708. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[RZ03] Romanenko, L. A., N. V. Zhukova, M. Rhode, A. M. Lysenko, V. M. Mikhailov & E. Stackebrandt. 2003. Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans sp. nov., a novel marine agarolytic bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 125–131.

[S79] Sabbadin, A. 1979. Colonial structure and genetic patterns in ascidians. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 433–444. Academic Press: London.

[SM10] Saffo, M. B., A. M. McCoy, C. Rieken & C. H. Slamovits. 2010. Nephromyces, a beneficial apicomplexan symbiont in marine animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16190–16195.