Enterogona

Aplidium solidum, copyright James Watanabe.

Belongs within: Urochordata.
Contains: Didemnidae.

The Enterogona are a group of tunicates united by features of the larva, in which the atrial cavity develops from paired dorsal invaginations.

<==Enterogona
    |--Phlebobranchiata S79
    |    |--Rhopalaea MG-H11 [Diazonidae S79]
    |    |    `--R. crassa (Herdman 1880) MG-H11
    |    |--Perophora [Perophoridae] S79
    |    |    `--P. listeri M62
    |    |--‘Agnesia’ Michaelsen 1898 non de Koninck 1883 [Agnesiidae] M86
    |    |    `--A. tenue Monniot & Monniot 1983 M86
    |    |--Ciona [Cionidae] HJ08
    |    |    |--C. intestinalis (Linnaeus 1767) HJ08
    |    |    `--C. savignyi J-GP07
    |    |--Corellidae M86
    |    |    |--Dextrogaster Monniot 1962 M86
    |    |    |    `--D. suecica Monniot 1962 M86
    |    |    `--Corella Alder & Hancock 1870 M86
    |    |         |--C. halli Kott 1951 M86
    |    |         `--C. parallellogramma BK77
    |    `--Ascidiidae HJ08
    |         |--Ascidiella aspersa (Mueller 1776) HJ08
    |         |--Psammascidia Monniot 1962 M86
    |         |    `--P. teissieri Monniot 1962 M86
    |         `--Ascidia CGS00
    |              |--A. callosa K92
    |              |--A. canina BK77
    |              |--A. ceratodes CGS00
    |              |--A. mentula Müller 1776 W01
    |              `--A. nigra S79
    `--Aplousobranchiata S79
         |--Didemnidae S79
         |--Clavelina MG-H11 [Clavelinidae S79]
         |    |--C. gemmae Turón 2005 F05
         |    |--C. lepadiformis CH97
         |    `--C. meridionalis (Herdman 1891) MG-H11
         `--Polyclinidae S79
              |--Parascidia turbinata (see below for synonymy) M62
              |--Polyclinum constellatum H04
              |--Amaroucium M62
              |    |--A. constellatum B79
              |    `--A. pellucidum B79
              |--Synoicum MG-H11
              |    |--S. chrysanthemum Kott 1992 MG-H11
              |    |--S. implicatum Kott 2008 MG-H11
              |    |--S. laboutei Monniot & Monniot 2006 MG-H11
              |    |--S. macroglossum (Hartmeyer 1919) MG-H11
              |    |--S. obscurum Kott 1992 MG-H11
              |    |--S. pseudogrisiatum Kott 2008 MG-H11
              |    |--S. rapum Kott 2008 MG-H11
              |    |--S. sphinctorum Kott 2006 MG-H11
              |    `--S. vesica Kott 2008 MG-H11
              `--Aplidium MG-H11
                   |--A. caelestis Monniot 1987 MG-H11
                   |--A. clivosum Kott 1992 MG-H11
                   |--A. crateriferum (Sluiter 1909) MG-H11
                   |--A. crustum Kott 2008 MG-H11
                   |--A. eudistomum Kott 2008 MG-H11
                   |--A. hyacinthum Kott 2008 MG-H11
                   |--A. magnilarvum Kott 1992 MG-H11
                   |--A. panis Kott 2008 MG-H11
                   |--A. solidum (Herdman 1891) MG-H11
                   `--A. tuberosum Kott 2008 MG-H11

Enterogona incertae sedis:
  Sycozoa [Holozoidae] MG-H11
    `--S. seiziwadai Tokioka 1952 MG-H11
  Polycitoridae MG-H11
    |--Cystodytes dellachiajei (Della Valle 1877) MG-H11
    |--Eucoelium coronarium (Monniot 1988) MG-H11
    `--Eudistoma MG-H11
         |--E. convocatum Kott 2008 MG-H11
         `--E. eboreum Kott 1990 MG-H11
  Protopolyclinidae MG-H11
    |--Pseudodiazona longigona (Tokioka 1959) MG-H11
    `--Condominium MG-H11
         |--C. areolatum (Kott 1963) MG-H11
         `--C. floreum Kott 2008 MG-H11
  Pseudodistomidae MG-H11
    |--Pseudodistoma australe Kott 1957 MG-H11
    `--Sigillina MG-H11
         |--S. australis Savigny 1816 MG-H11
         |--S. cyanea (Herdman 1899) MG-H11
         `--S. grandissima Kott 1990 MG-H11

Parascidia turbinata [=Sydnium turbinatum; incl. Circinalium concrescens, Parascidia flemingi, Pa. forbesi, Amaroucium rubicondum, Polyclinum succineum] M62

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[B79] Buss, L. W. 1979. Habitat selection, directional growth and spatial refuges: why colonial animals have more hiding places. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 459–497. Academic Press: London.

[CGS00] Cameron, C. B., J. R. Garey & B. J. Swalla. 2000. Evolution of the chordate body plan: new insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97 (9): 4469–4474.

[CH97] Castro, P., & M. E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology 2^nd ed. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[J-GP07] Jiménez-Guri, E., H. Philippe, B. Okamura & P. W. H. Holland. 2007. Buddenbrockia is a cnidarian worm. Science 317: 116–118.

[K92] Kozloff, E. N. 1992. The genera of the phylum Orthonectida. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 33: 377–406.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[M86] Monniot, F. 1986. Urochordata=Tunicata: les ascidies interstitielles. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 705–708. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[S79] Sabbadin, A. 1979. Colonial structure and genetic patterns in ascidians. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 433–444. Academic Press: London.

[W01] Williamson, D. I. 2001. Larval transfer and the origins of larvae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 111–122.