Galumna

Galumna sp., copyright Dann Thombs.

Belongs within: Galumnoidea.

Galumna is a cosmopolitan genus of over 200 species of oribatid mites with well-developed pteromorphs. The majority of species are included in the subgenus Galumna in which line L on the prodorsum (corresponding to the position of the lamellae in other oribatids) is more or less arched, with the lamellar setae positioned far from the end of line L. Members of the subgenera Erogalumna and Indogalumna have dense longitudinal lines on the notogaster. Such lines are also present on the prodorsum in Erogalumna but Indogalumna instead has a prodorsum with dense, small foveolae (Balogh & Balogh 1992). In the subgenus Cosmogalumna, the notogaster is ornamented in a reticulate pattern.

Characters (from Balogh & Balogh 1992): Lamellar setae originating laterad to line L. Notogaster with areae porosae, ten pairs of setae. Pteromorphae with one seta.

Galumna Heyden 1826 S04
    |  i. s.: G. clavata Sellnick 1931 S93
    |         G. clericata (Berlese 1915) S07
    |         G. diversa Sellnick 1931 S93
    |         G. formicarius NB-P09
    |         G. longipluma Berlese 1904 H07
    |         G. tenuiclavus G33
    |--G. (Galumna) [incl. Holokalumma Jacot 1929, Holozetes Jacot 1929, Zetes Koch 1836] S04
    |    |--*G. (G.) alata (Hermann 1804) S04 [=Notaspis alatus S04, Oribates alatus CF77, Zetes alatus CF77]
    |    |    |--G. a. alata (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    |    `--G. a. multiiterata Subías 2004 [=Galumna maxima Willmann 1939 non Oribata maxima Berlese 1916] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) aba Mahunka 1989 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) aegyptica Abdel-Hamid, Al-Assiuty & Trrad 1982 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) agueroi Balogh 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) ambigua Wallwork 1977 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) angularis Jeleva, Scull & Cruz 1984 [incl. G. hamifer Mahunka 1985] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) ankaratra Mahunka 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) antalata Banks 1916 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) appressala (Ewing 1910) (n. d.) [=Oribata appressala] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) arabica Bayoumi & Al-Khalifa 1984 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) araujoi Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1994 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) armatifera Mahunka 1996 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) arrugata Jeleva, Scull & Cruz 1984 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) atomaria (Berlese 1914) [=Oribata atomaria] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) australis (Berlese 1914) [=Oribata australis] S04
    |    |    |--G. a. australis S04
    |    |    `--G. a. pembertoni (Jacot 1934) [=Zetes pembertoni] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) azoreana Pérez-Íñigo 1992 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) baloghi Wallwork 1965 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) banksi Jacot 1929 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) barnardi (Jacot 1940) [=Holozetes barnardi] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) basilewskyi Balogh 1962 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) berlesei Oudemans 1919 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) betzaida Mahunka 1992 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) bimorpha Mahunka 1987 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) bradleyi (Jacot 1935) [=Zetes bradleyi] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) brasiliensis Sellnick 1923 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) californica (Hall 1911) [=Oribata alata californica] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) calva Starý 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) capensis Engelbrecht 1969 S04
    |    |    |--G. c. capensis S04
    |    |    `--G. c. dissimilis Engelbrecht 1969 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) castanea (Canestrini 1898) (n. d.) [=Oribata castanea] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) changchuneis Wen 1987 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) chujoi Aoki 1966 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) circularis Hammer 1958 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) cirripilis (Canestrini 1898) (n. d.) [=Oribata cirripilis] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) coloradensis (Jacot 1929) S04 [=*Holokalumma coloradensis BB92]
    |    |--G. (G.) colossus Oudemans 1915 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) comparabilis Engelbrecht 1972 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) coreana Choi 1986 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) coronata Mahunka 1992 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) costata Mahunka 1978 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) crenata Deb & Raychaudhuri 1975 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) cubana Jeleva, Scull & Cruz 1984 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) cuneata Aoki 1961 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) delectum Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1996 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) difficilis (Berlese 1916) (n. d.) [=Oribata difficilis] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) dimidiata Engelbrecht 1969 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) dimorpha Krivolutskaja 1952 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) discifera Balogh 1960 [incl. G. engelbrechti Balogh & Balogh 2002 non Mahunka 1997] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) dispar Willmann 1931 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) divergens Mahunka 1995 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) dorsalis (Koch 1835) (n. d.) [=Zetes dorsalis] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) dubia Mihelčič 1953 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) egregia Sellnick 1923 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) elegantula (Jacot 1935) [=Zetes elegantulus] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) elimata (Koch 1841) S04 [=Oribata elimata S04, Oribates climatus G35, *Zetes elimatus G35]
    |    |    |--G. e. elimata (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    |    `--G. e. sinensis Jacot 1922 [=G. obvia sinensis] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) engelbrechti Mahunka 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) euaensis Hammer 1973 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) europaea (Berlese 1914) [=Oribata emarginatus europaea] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) exigua Sellnick 1925 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) fijiensis Hammer 1973 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) flabellifera Hammer 1958 S04
    |    |    |--G. f. flabellifera [incl. Pergalumna pyri Elbadry & Nasr 1975] S04
    |    |    `--G. f. orientalis Aoki 1965 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) flagellata Willmann 1925 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) floridae (Jacot 1929) [=Holokalumma floridae] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) fordi (Jacot 1934) [=Zetes fordi] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) gharbiensis Bayoumi, Al-Assiuty et al. 1983 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) gibbula Grandjean 1956 [=G. tarsipennata gibbula] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) glabra Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1991 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) globuloides (Tafner 1905) (n. d.) [=Oribata globuloides] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) granalata Aoki 1984 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) grandjeani Balogh 1962 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) hammerae Balogh 1985 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) heros (Canestrini 1897) (n. d.) [=Oribata heros] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) hexagona Balogh 1960 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) homodactyla (Karpelles 1893) (n. d.) [=Oribata homodactyla] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) hudsoni Hammer 1952 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) humida (Hall 1911) [=Oribata humida] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) ‘imperfecta’ Hammer 1972 non Banks 1906 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) incerta Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1991 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) incisa Mahunka 1982 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) innexa Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1986 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) iranensis Mahunka 2001 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) irazu Balogh 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) iterata Subías 2004 (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    |--G. (G.) ithacensis (Jacot 1929) [=Zetes ithacensis] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) jacoti Wharton 1938 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) karajica Mahunka 2001 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) kazakhstani Krivolutskaja 1952 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) khoii Mahunka 1989 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) lanceata (Oudemans 1900) (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    |--G. (G.) laselvae Balogh 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) longiclava Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1991 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) longiporosa Fujikawa 1972 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) louisianae (Jacot 1929) [=Zetes louisianae; incl. G. confusa Woodring 1965] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) lunaris Jeleva, Scull & Cruz 1984 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) lyrica (Jacot 1935) [=Holokalumma lyrica] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) macroptera (Ewing 1909) [=Oribata macroptera] S04
    |    |    |--G. m. macroptera S04
    |    |    `--G. m. matecumbei (Jacot 1935) [=Zetes matecumbei] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) major (Pearce 1906) [=Oribata alata major] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) mariae Balogh 1961 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) mauritii Mahunka 1978 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) ‘maxima’ (Berlese 1916) (n. d.) [=Oribata maxima non Ewing 1908] S04
    |    |    |--G. m. maxima S04
    |    |    |--G. m. lawrencei Jacot 1940 S04
    |    |    `--G. m. natalensis Jacot 1940 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) media (Berlese 1914) [=Oribata media] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) microfissum Hammer 1968 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) minuta (Ewing 1909) [=Oribata minuta] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) mollis Kunst 1958 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) monteithi Balogh & Mahunka 1978 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) monticola Hammer 1977 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) mystax Pérez-Íñigo & Pérez-Íñigo 1993 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) nigra (Ewing 1909) [=Oribata nigra] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) nilgiria (Ewing 1910) [=Oribata nilgiria] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) niliaca Al-Assiuty, Abdel-Hamid et al. 1985 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) nodula Nevin 1974 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) nonoensis Balogh 1988 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) nuda Engelbrecht 1972 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) obvia (Berlese 1914) SK10, S04 [=Oribata obvius S04]
    |    |--G. (G.) ‘ovata’ (Berlese 1916) (n. d.) [=Oribata ovata non Koch 1839] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) pallida Hammer 1958 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) parascaber Deb & Raychaudhuri 1975 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) parva Woodring 1965 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) parviporosa Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) perezi Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1994 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) planiclava Hammer 1973 S04
    |    |    |--G. p. planiclava S04
    |    |    `--G. p. ishigakiensis Aoki 1982 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) polyporus Mihelčič 1952 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) pusilla Sellnick 1923 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) reiterata Subías 2004 [=G. longiporosa Choi 1986 non Fujikawa 1972] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) reticulata Hammer 1958 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) rossica Sellnick 1926 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) rostrata Sellnick 1922 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) rugosa Hammer 1968 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) sabahna Mahunka 1995 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) saboori Mahunka 2001 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) samoaensis Jacot 1924 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) scaber Hammer 1968 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) sequoiae (Jacot 1929) [=Zetes sequoiae] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) setigera Mihelčič 1956 (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    |--G. (G.) similis Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1980 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) sinuofrons Jacot 1922 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) strinovichi Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) swezeyi (Jacot 1928) [=Zetes swezeyi] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) szentivanyorum Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) tarsipennata Oudemans 1913 (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    |--G. (G.) tessellata (Ewing 1910) [=Oribata tessellata] S04
    |    |--G. (G.) texana Banks 1906 S04 [=*Holozetes texanus BB92]
    |    |--G. (G.) tokyoensis Aoki 1966 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) tricuspidata Engelbrecht 1969 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) triops Balogh 1960 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) triquetra Aoki 1965 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) tuberculata Mahunka 1997 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) unica Sellnick 1923 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) valida Aoki 1994 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) varia Mahunka 1995 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) virginiensis Jacot 1929 S04
    |    |--G. (G.) weni Aoki & Hu 1993 S04
    |    `--G. (G.) zachvatkini Grishina 1982 S04
    |--G. (Angulogalumna Grishina 1981) S04
    |    `--G. (*A.) asiatica (Grishina 1981) [=*Angulogalumna asiatica] S04
    |--G. (Cosmogalumna Aoki 1988) [incl. Variogalumna Mahunka 1995] S04
    |    |--G. (*C.) ornata (Aoki 1988) [=*Cosmogalumna ornata] S04
    |    |--G. (C.) praeoccupata Subías 2004 (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    `--G. (C.) singularis (Mahunka 1995) [=Variogalumna singularis] S04
    |--G. (Erogalumna Grandjean 1964) S04
    |    `--G. (*E.) zeucta (Grandjean 1964) [=*Erogalumna zeucta] S04
    |--G. (Indogalumna Balakrishnan 1985) S04
    |    |--G. (*I.) microsulcata (Balakrishnan 1985) [=*Indogalumna microsulcata] S04
    |    |--G. (I.) ‘monticola’ (Balakrishnan 1985) non Hammer 1977 [=Indogalumna monticola] S04
    |    |--G. (I.) neonominata Subías 2004 [=G. clavata Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio 1991 non Sellnick 1931] S04
    |    |--G. (I.) pterolineata Hammer 1972 S04
    |    |--G. (I.) rasilis Pérez-Íñigo 1987 (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    `--G. (I.) undulata (Balakrishnan 1985) [=Indogalumna undulata] S04
    `--G. (Kabylogalumna Bernini 1984) S04
         `--G. (*K.) rhinoceros (Bernini 1984) [=*Kabylogalumna rhinoceros] S04

Galumna (Cosmogalumna) praeoccupata Subías 2004 [=Cosmogalumna imperfecta Aoki & Hu 1993 non G. imperfecta Hammer 1972] S04

*Galumna (Galumna) alata alata (Hermann 1804) [incl. G. coleoptratrum occidentale Jacot 1929, Oribata octopunctata Ewing 1909, Zetes satellitius Koch 1841] S04

Galumna (Galumna) elimata elimata (Koch 1841) [incl. Oribata obvius norvegicus Berlese 1914, Dimidiogalumna wallworki Balogh & Balogh 2002] S04

Galumna (Galumna) iterata Subías 2004 [=Zetes banksi Jacot 1929 non Galumna banksi Jacot 1929; incl. G. jacoti Marshall, Reeves & Norton 1987 non Wharton 1938] S04

Galumna (Galumna) lanceata (Oudemans 1900) [=Notaspis lanceata; incl. G. maxima Mihelčič 1956 nec Oribata maxima Berlese 1916 nec G. maxima Willmann 1939] S04

Galumna (Galumna) setigera Mihelčič 1956 [incl. G. (Pergalumna) crassicostata Mihelčič 1956, G. distincta Mihelčič 1956, G. (P.) fusigera Mihelčič 1956, G. sicca Mihelčič 1957] S04

Galumna (Galumna) tarsipennata Oudemans 1913 [incl. G. (Pergalumna) lata Mihelčič 1956, G. nova Mihelčič 1957, G. parvula Mihelčič 1956] S04

Galumna (Indogalumna) rasilis Pérez-Íñigo 1987 [incl. G. rugosa Wallwork 1977 non Hammer 1968, G. sanctaehelenae Balogh & Balogh 2002] S04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB92] Balogh, J., & P. Balogh. 1992. The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World vol. 1. Hungarian Natural History Museum: Budapest.

[CF77] Canestrini, G., & F. Fanzago. 1877. Intorno agli Acari Italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4: 69–208, pls 2–7.

[G33] Grandjean, F. 1933. Étude sur le développement des oribates. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 58: 30–61.

[G35] Grandjean, F. 1935. Observations sur les oribates (8^e série). Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 2^e série 7 (4): 237–244.

[H07] Haq, M. A. 2007. Biodegradation and productivity in tropical ecosystem by oribatid mites. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 137–150. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[NB-P09] Norton, R. A., & V. M. Behan-Pelletier. 2009. Suborder Oribatida. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 430–564. Texas Tech University Press.

[SK10] Schäffer, S., S. Koblmüller, T. Pfingstl, C. Sturmbauer & G. Krisper. 2010. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple independent evolution of diagnostic morphological characters in the "Higher Oribatida" (Acari), conflicting with current classification. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 246.

[S07] Schatz, H. 2007. Biogeography of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica and Panama. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 151–167. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S04] Subías, L. S. 2004. Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758–2002). Graellsia 60 (número extraordinario): 3–305.

Last updated: 24 February 2019.

Multioppia

Dorsal view of Multioppia (Multioppia) rangifera, from here.

Belongs within: Oppiidae.

Multioppia is a cosmopolitan genus of oppioid oribatid mites. Its three subgenera are distinguished by the morphology of the sensillus: lanceolate and ciliate in Multilanceoppia, fusiform and pectinate with bifurcate side-branches in Furculoppia, or fusiform and simply ciliate or pectinate in Multioppia sensu stricto (Balogh & Balogh 1992 vol. 1).

Characters (from Balogh & Balogh 1992 vol. 1): Sensillus fusiform or lanceolate, ciliate or pectinate. Usually with three pairs of sigillae between the interlamellar setae. Notogaster with twelve pairs of setae. Genital plates with five pairs of setae. Fissure iad paraanal.

<==Multioppia Hammer 1961 S04
    |--M. (Multioppia) S04
    |    |--*M. (M.) radiata Hammer 1961 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) australis Hammer 1962 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) bacilliseta Ohkubo 1996 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) canariensis Pérez-Íñigo & Peña 1996 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) engelmanni (Calugar & Vasiliu 1983) [=Oppia engelmanni] S04
    |    |--M. (M.) formosana Tseng 1982 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) furugelma Rjabinin 1987 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) gapsaensis Choi 1986 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) ghiljarovi (Kulijev 1962) [=Oppia ghiljarovi] S04
    |    |--M. (M.) gilmartinoi Subías & Arillo 1996 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) glabra (Mihelčič 1955) [=Oppia glabra] S04
    |    |--M. (M.) gracilis Hammer 1972 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) indica Haq 1978 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) insolita Ivan & Vasiliu 1999 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) insulana Pérez-Íñigo 1982 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) integra Pérez-Íñigo 1990 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) jandiae Pérez-Íñigo & Peña 1996 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) longisetosa Mahunka 1986 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) moritzi Mahunka & Topercer 1983 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) neglecta Pérez-Íñigo 1969 [incl. M. excisa Moritz 1971] S04
    |    |--M. (M.) pakistanensis Hammer 1977 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) pauciramosa Balogh & Balogh 1986 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) perfecta Mahunka & Topercer 1983 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) pulchra Littlewood & Wallwork 1972 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) rangifera Ivan & Vasiliu 1999 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) shinanoensis Fujita 1989 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) similis Mahunka 1982 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) simplitricha Sanyal & Bhaduri 1989 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) spinifera Mahunka 1982 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) stellifera Hammer 1961 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) tamdao Mahunka 1988 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) tenue Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp 1999 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) translamellaris Balogh & Balogh 1986 S04
    |    |--M. (M.) trembleyi Mahunka 1977 [incl. M. calcarata Mahunka 1992] S04
    |    |--M. (M.) wilsoni Aoki 1964 S04
    |    |    |--M. w. wilsoni [incl. Oppia carolinae barbatis Jacot 1938 (n. d.), O. carolinae Jacot 1938 (n. d.)] S04
    |    |    |--M. w. hungarica Mahunka 1983 [=M. laniseta hungarica] S04
    |    |    `--M. w. laniseta Moritz 1966 (see below for synonymy) S04
    |    `--M. (M.) xinjiangensis Wang, Zheng et al. 1990 S04
    |--M. (Furculoppia Balogh 1983) S04
    |    `--M. (*F.) furcata (Kunst 1958) S04 (see below for synonymy)
    `--M. (Multilanceoppia Subías 1989) S04
         |--M. (*M.) carpatica Schalk 1966 [=M. ramulifera carpatica] S04
         |--M. (M.) brevipectinata Suzuki 1976 S04
         |    |--M. b. brevipectinata S04
         |    `--M. b. lenis Fujita & Fujikawa 1986 S04
         |--M. (M.) insularis Mahunka 1985 S04
         `--M. (M.) pankovi Rjabinin 1987 S04

Multioppia (*Furculoppia) furcata (Kunst 1958) S04 [=Oppia furcata S04; incl. O. bulgarica Mahunka 1987 S04, O. ramulifera Kunst 1959 S04, Multioppia (Furculoppia) ramulifera BB92]

Multioppia (Multioppia) wilsoni laniseta Moritz 1966 [incl. Oppia caporiacci Valle 1955 (n. d.), O. insolita Mihelčič 1956 (n. d.), Dameosoma clavipectinatum lamellatum Thamdrup 1932 (n. d.) non D. minus lamellata Halbert 1923, O. sexmaculata Dalenius 1950 (n. d.)] S04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB92] Balogh, J., & P. Balogh. 1992. The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World vol. 2. Plates. Hungarian Natural History Museum: Budapest.

[S04] Subías, L. S. 2004. Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758–2002). Graellsia 60 (número extraordinario): 3–305.

Acaridae

Mould mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae, from the US Department of Agriculture.

Belongs within: Acaroidea.
Contains: Acarus, Rhizoglyphinae.

The Acaridae are a diverse group of often generalised astigmatan mites. Many species are insect associates, with a phoretic hypopus (deutonymph) stage in the life cycle (Philips 1990). Members of the basal subfamily Acarinae appear to be vertebrate nidicoles (i.e. living in vertebrate nesting structures such as nests, burrows or human houses); deutonymphs are known to be phoretic on fleas (OConnor 2001). Horstiinae are nidicoles and/or kleptoparasites of social insects such as bees, ants and termites (OConnor 2009). The Tyrophaginae are ancestrally associated with Hymenoptera, both solitary and social species, but most Tyrophagus have diversed into a broader range of habitats (OConnor 2001). Tyrophagus putrescentiae is perhaps the world's most ubiquitous astigmatan mite and is commonly found in peridomestic situations or on plant tissue (OConnor 2009).

Characters (from Philips 1990): Chelicerae chelate-dentate. Idiosoma usually smooth, with simple setae; setae vi present; sejugal furrow present. Tarsi with pair of sclerotised condylophores supporting well-developed empodial claw in fleshy pretarsus; tibia I with two setae and one solenidion. Males usually with pair of anal suckers and pair of suckers on tarsus IV. Hypopus with scapular setae smooth; posteroventral sucker plate present.

<==Acaridae [Acarini, Tyroglyphidae, Tyroglyphiens]
    |--Acarinae O01
    |    |--Psyllacarus Fain et al. 1990 O01, H98
    |    |    `--P. subellipticus Fain et al. 1990 H98
    |    `--+--Paraceroglyphus O01
    |       `--+--Trichopsylopus O01
    |          `--Acarus O01
    `--+--Horstiinae O01
       |    |--Neohorstia O01
       |    `--+--+--Megachilopus O01
       |       |  `--+--Sennertionyx O01
       |       |     `--Cerophagopsis Zakhvatkin 1941 O01, H98
       |       |          |--C. indicus O01
       |       |          `--C. trigona (Fain & Heard 1987) [=Cerophagus trigonus] H98
       |       `--+--Diadasiopus O01
       |          `--+--Horstiella O01
       |             `--+--Medeus O01
       |                `--Horstia O01 [incl. Ceroglyphus O09]
       |                     |--H. longa O01
       |                     `--H. virginica K62
       `--+--+--‘Acotyledon’ formosani O01
          |  `--Rhizoglyphinae O01
          `--Tyrophaginae [Tyrophagidae] O01
               |  i. s.: Schulzea O01
               |         Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau 1879) O01, DA07
               |--Lackerbaueria O01
               `--+--Kuzinia laevis O01, KK96
                  `--+--Forcellinia Oudemans 1924 O01
                     |    |--F. galleriella Womersley 1963 H98
                     |    `--F. wasmanni G39
                     `--Tyrophagus Oudemans 1924 O01, V25 [Tyrophagini]
                          |--*T. putrescentiae (Schrank 1781) V25 (see below for synonymy)
                          |--T. australasiae (Oudemans 1916) [=Tyroglyphus australasiae] V25
                          |--T. formicitorum O01
                          |--T. fungivorus SM91
                          |--T. longior (Gervais 1844) (see below for synonymy) H98
                          |--T. neiswanderi Johnston & Bruce 1965 W91
                          |--T. oudemansi Robertson 1959 F76
                          |--T. palmarum Oudemans 1924 W91
                          |--T. perniciosus Zachvatkin 1941 W91
                          |--T. similis Volgin 1949 [incl. T. oudemansi Robertson 1959] H98
                          |    |--T. s. similis F76
                          |    `--T. s. kerguelenensis Fain 1976 F76
                          `--T. zachvatkini O09

Acaridae incertae sedis:
  Mycetoglyphus fungivorus O01, KA07
  Neoacotyledon O01
  Tyroborus Oudemans 1924 H98
    |--T. houstoni Fain 1986 H98
    `--T. lini (Oudemans 1924) DA07
  Fagacarus O09
  Konoglyphus P90
  Neotropacarus W99
    |--N. bakeri W99
    `--N. mumai W99
  Reckiacarus O09
  Trichodactylus xylocopae CF77
  Australhypopus Fain & Friend 1984 H98
    `--A. flagellifer Fain & Friend 1984 H98
  Lowryacarus Fain 1986 H98
    `--L. longipes Fain 1986 H98
  Tyrolichus Oudemans 1924 H98
    `--T. casei Oudemans 1910 [=Tyrophagus casei] H98

Tyrophagus longior (Gervais 1844) [=Tyroglyphus longior; incl. Tyrophagus tenuiclavus Zachvatkin 1941, Tyrofagus (l. c.) tenuiclavus] H98

*Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank 1781) V25 [=Acarus putrescentiae V25, Tyroglyphus (*Tyrophagus) putrescentiae V25; incl. Tyroglyphus longior var. castellanii Hirst 1912 H98, Tyrophagus castellanii H98, Tyroglyphus lintneri Osborn 1893 H98]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CF77] Canestrini, G., & F. Fanzago. 1877. Intorno agli Acari Italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4: 69–208, pls 2–7.

[DA07] Domes, K., M. Althammer, R. A. Norton, S. Scheu & M. Maraun. 2007. The phylogenetic relationship between Astigmata and Oribatida (Acari) as indicated by molecular markers. Experimental and Applied Acarology 42 (3): 159–171.

[F76] Fain, A. 1976. Acariens récoltés par le Dr. J. Travé aux iles subantarctiques II. Familles Acaridae, Anoetidae, Ereynetidae et Tarsonemidae (astigmates et prostigmates). Acarologia 18 (2): 302–328.

[G39] Grandjean, F. 1939. La chaetotaxie des pattes chez les Acaridiae. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 64: 50–60.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[KA07] Kasuga, S., & H. Amano. 2007. Tyrophagus mites (Acari: Acaridae) as agricultural pests in Japan, with special reference to spinach cultivation. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 443–450. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[K62] Krombein, K. V. 1962. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XVI. Biological notes on Chaetodactylus krombeini Baker, a parasitic mite of the megachilid bee, Osmia (Osmia) lignaria Say (Acarina: Chaetodactylidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 237–250.

[KK96] Kumar, N. R., & R. Kumar. 1996. Mites in plant pollinator ecosystem: influence on conserving biodiversity. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 133–136. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[O01] OConnor, B. M. 2001. Historical ecology of the Acaridae (Acari): phylogenetic evidence for host and habitat shifts. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 76–82. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[O09] OConnor, B. M. 2009. Cohort Astigmatina. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 565–657. Texas Tech University Press.

[P90] Philips, J. R. 1990. Acarina: Astigmata (Acaridida). In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 757–778. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[SM91] Serralheiro, F., & M. Madeira. 1991. Acari colonization of Quercus suber and Eucalyptus globulus litter. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 353–358. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[V25] Vitzthum, H. 1925. Fauna sumatrensis. (Beitrag no. 5). Acarinae. Supplementa Entomologica 11: 1–79.

[W99] Walter, D. E. 1999. Review of Australian Asperoseius Chant, Euseius Wainstein, Okiseius Ehara and Phytoscutus Muma (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) with a key to the genera of Australian Amblyseiinae and descriptions of two new species. Australian Journal of Entomology 38: 85–95.

[W91] Walzl, M. G. 1991. Comparison of the sclerotized structures of Acaridae and Glycyphagidae used for copulation. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 283–286. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Last updated: 10 May 2019.

Rhizoglyphinae

Female Sancassania berlesei, copyright Tom Cameron.

Belongs within: Acaridae.
Contains: Rhizoglyphini.

The Rhizoglyphinae are an ecologically diverse group of astigmatan mites, commonly associated with moist temporary habitats. With the exceptions of the basal genera Acotyledon and Viedebanttia, many rhizoglyphines exhibit male polymorphism with major males developing modifications for fighting. The genus Sancassania includes species found in fungal fruiting bodies, root crops and human habitats; other species live in association with insects such as scarab beetles or ground-nesting bees (OConnor 2001). A small group of morphologically distinctive genera previously classified as a separate family Ewingiidae, including Ewingia, Askinasia, Hoogstraalacarus and Kanekobia, are found as commensals on crustaceans (OConnor 2009).

Characters (from Baker & Wharton 1952): Inner propodosomal setae shorter than outer; legs stout, the setae in many cases being modified as stout spines; microsense and macrosense setae arising from same base.

<==Rhizoglyphinae [Caloglyphidae, Ewingiidae]
    |  i. s.: Ewingia O01
    |         Askinasia O01
    |         Hoogstraalacarus O01
    |         Kanekobia potamona O01, O09
    |--Viedebanttia O01
    |    `--V. schmitzi O01
    |--Acotyledon Oudemans 1902 O01, H98 [Acotyledonini]
    |    |--A. mykytowyczi Womersley 1955 H98
    |    `--A. paradoxa O01
    `--+--Cosmoglyphus Oudemans 1932 O01, H98
       |    |--C. angustus Fain & Friend 1984
       |    |    |--C. a. angustus H98
       |    |    `--C. a. distinctus Fain & Friend 1984 H98
       |    `--C. oudemansi Zakhvatkin 1937 [=Caloglyphus oudemansi] H98
       `--+--Rhizoglyphini O01
          `--+--Ctenocolletacarus Fain 1984 O01, H98
             |    |--C. brevirostris Fain 1984 H98
             |    |--C. grandior Fain 1984 H98
             |    `--C. longirostris Fain 1984 H98 [=Sancassania (Ctenocolletacarus) longirostris H18]
             `--Sancassania Oudemans 1916 O01, H98 [incl. Caloglyphus Berlese 1923 H98; Caloglyphini]
                  |--‘Caloglyphus’ anomalus D01
                  |--S. berlesei (Michael 1903) [=Tyroglyphus berlesei, Caloglyphus berlesei] H98
                  |--S. boharti O01
                  |--‘Caloglyphus’ michaeli MH04
                  |--‘Caloglyphus’ moniezi K91
                  |--S. mycophaga (Megnin 1874) ED01, C-RSV-S88 [=Caloglyphus mycophagus DAA91]
                  |--S. polyphyllae [=Caloglyphus polyphyllae] K07
                  |--‘Caloglyphus’ rhizoglyphoides QA91
                  |--‘Caloglyphus’ rodionovi (Zachvatkin 1937) EU96
                  `--‘Caloglyphus’ rodriguezi K91

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Baker, E. W., & G. W. Wharton. 1952. An Introduction to Acarology. The MacMillan Company: New York.

[C-RSV-S88] Corpuz-Raros, L. A., G. C. Sabio & M. Velasco-Soriano. 1988. Mites associated with stored products, poultry houses and house dust in the Philippines. Philippine Entomologist 7 (3): 311–321.

[D01] Desch, C. E. 2001. Anatomy and ultrastructure of the female reproductive system of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae). In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 203–212. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[DAA91] Desch, C. E., J. R. H. Andrews & L. G. Arlian. 1991. The digestive system of Sarcoptes scabiei (L.): light and electron microscope study. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 271–279. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[ED01] Ehrnsberger, R., & J. Dabert. 2001. Population dynamics of acarid mites in two different types of poultry raising systems in Germany. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 576–582. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[EU96] Eitminavichute, I., & D. Umbrasiene. 1996. The succession of soil mites during the process of sewage sludge degradation. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 599–601. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H18] Houston, T. 2018. A Guide to Native Bees of Australia. CSIRO Publishing.

[K91] Kuwahara, Y. 1991. Pheromone studies on astigmatid mites—alarm, aggregation and sex. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 43–52. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[K07] Kuwahara, Y. 2007. Recent advances of mite chemical ecology multifunctional pheromone communication system in Astigmata. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 665–673. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[MH04] Maraun, M., M. Heethoff, K. Schneider, S. Scheu, G. Weigmann, J. Cianciolo, R. H. Thomas & R. A. Norton. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari): evidence for multiple radiations of parthenogenetic lineages. Experimental and Applied Acarology 33 (3): 183–201.

[O01] OConnor, B. M. 2001. Historical ecology of the Acaridae (Acari): phylogenetic evidence for host and habitat shifts. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 76–82. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[O09] OConnor, B. M. 2009. Cohort Astigmatina. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 565–657. Texas Tech University Press.

[QA91] Quintero, M. T., & H. A. Acevedo. 1991. Mites of fermented liquid foods in Mexico. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 611–614. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Last updated: 3 March 2019.

Corixidae

Corixa punctata, copyright Wolfram Sondermann.

Belongs within: Panheteroptera.

The Corixidae, water boatmen, are a group of aquatic bugs characterised by short forelegs with hair-fringed scoop-shaped or cylindrical tarsi. These are used to collect prey (mostly insect larvae) from bottom ooze. Hind legs are used for swimming and have long fringes of hair on the tibiae and tarsi. The dorsum of the abdomen is concave, allowing for the retention of a bubble of air beneath the wings. The majority of living species are included in the subfamily Corixinae; members of the genus Micronecta are much smaller than species of Corixinae. The Australasian Diaprepocorinae differ from other corixids in the possession of ocelli and additional cuticular blades fringing the hind tarsi (Carver et al. 1991).

<==Corixidae [Corixoidea, Shurabellidae]
    |--Diaprepocoris [Diaprepocorinae] CGW91
    |--Velocorixa [Velocorixinae] S02
    |    `--V. ponomarenkoi S02
    |--Micronecta [Micronectinae] CGW91
    |    |--M. robusta TJ06
    |    `--M. scholtzi (Fieber 1860) SB05
    `--Corixinae CGW91
         |--Cymatia coleoptrata CGW91, H01
         |--Agraptocorixa CGW91
         |    |--A. eurynome CGW91
         |    `--A. parvipunctata TDC06
         |--Sigara CGW91
         |    |--S. arguta PC66
         |    |--S. falleni W01
         |    |--S. fossarum (Leach 1817) SB05
         |    |--S. lateralis (Leach 1817) SB05
         |    |--S. limitata (Fieber 1848) SB05
         |    |--S. nigrolineata (Fieber 1848) SB05
         |    |--S. scotti (Douglas & Scott 1868) SB05
         |    |--S. selecta (Fieber 1848) SB05
         |    |--S. semistriata (Fieber 1848) SB05
         |    `--S. stagnalis (Leach 1817) SB05
         `--Corixa Geoffroy 1762 SB05
              |--C. affinis Leach 1817 SB05
              |--C. concinna CS77
              |--C. fallenii H01
              |--C. geoffroyi H01
              |--C. iberica Jansson 1981 SB05
              |--C. lateralis [incl. C. hieroglyphica] H01
              |--C. limitata H01
              |--C. nigrolineata CS77
              |--C. panzeri (Fieber 1848) SB05
              |--C. punctata Im92
              |--C. stagnalis CS77
              |--C. striata H01 [=Sigara striata L02]
              `--C. vanduzeei S02

Corixidae incertae sedis:
  Haenbea badamgaravae GE05, S02
  Yanliaocorixa S02
  Gazimuria GE05
  Karataviella GE05
  Diapherinus GE05
  Cristocorixa GE05
  Bumbacorixa GE05
  Corixonecta GE05
  Jiangxicorixa S02
  Linicorixa S02
  Ratiticorixa S02
  Vulcanicorixa S02
  Shelopuga sinitsae S02
  Siculocorixa estria S02
  Lufengnacta GE05
  Liassocorixa GE05
  Bakharia GE05
  Archaeocorixa GE05
  Baissocorixa GE05
  Mesosigara kryshtofovichi GE05, S02
  Corixalia GE05
  Rhomboidella GE05
  Shurabella GE05
  Diacorixa S02
    |--D. germanica S02
    `--D. miocenica S02
  Cenocorixa WP99
    |--C. bifida WP99
    `--C. expleta WP99
  Hesperocorixa TW05
    |--H. distanti (Kirkaldy 1899) Iw92
    |--H. kolthoffi (Lundblad 1933) Iw92
    |--H. linnaei (Fieber 1848) SB05
    |--H. mandshurica (Jaczewski 1924) Iw92
    `--H. moesta (Fieber 1848) SB05
  Venacorixa xiangzhongensis Lin 1986 RJ93
  Shurania sibirica Popov 1985 RJ93
  Shuragobia altaica Popov 1988 RJ93
  Trichocorixa Kirkaldy 1908 SB05
    |--T. kanza Sailer 1948 SB05
    |--T. reticulata (Guérin-Ménéville 1857) SB05
    `--T. verticalis (Fieber 1851) SB05
  Parasigara transversa (Fieber 1848) SB05
  Heliocorisa Lundblad 1928 SB05
  Arctocorixa RD77
    |--A. abdominalis RD77
    `--A. mercenaria RD77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[Im92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.

[Iw92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[PC66] Pendergrast, J. G., & D. R. Cowley. 1966. An Introduction to New Zealand Freshwater Insects. Collins: Auckland.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SB05] Sala, J., & D. Boix. 2005. Presence of the Nearctic water boatman Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis (Fieber, 1851) (Heteroptera, Corixidae) in the Algarve region (S Portugal). Graellsia 61 (1): 31–36.

[S02] Sinitshenkova, N. D. 2002. Ecological history of the aquatic insects. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 388–426. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240–257.

[TJ06] Thomas, E. J., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms and macroinvertebrates as biomonitors of mine-lakes in Collie, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (3): 109–117.

[TDC06] Timms, B. V., B. Datson & M. Coleman. 2006. The wetlands of the Lake Carey catchment, northeast Goldfields of Western Australia, with special reference to large branchiopods. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (4): 175–183.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[W01] Wohltmann, A. 2001. Closely related species of Parasitengonae (Acari: Prostigmata) inhabiting the same areas: features facilitating coexistence. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 121–135. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

Last updated: 14 May 2022.

Phoridae

Conicera tibialis, from here.

Belongs within: Platypezoidea.
Contains: Metopininae, Phorinae.

The Phoridae, scuttle flies, are a group of small hump-backed flies of diverse habits. Winged species are readily distinguished by the characteristic venation of their wings, with four or five veins (corresponding to the M and R veins) running obliquely across the main body of the wing. The branches of the R vein are strongly thickened relative to the posterior veins; in Sciadocerinae R₄₊₅ approaches the apex of the wing but in members of the clade Euphorida the R veins are all placed close to the wings base. Classification within the Euphorida remains uncertain; the majority of species have been divided between two subfamilies Metopininae and Phorinae, but the phylogenetic accuracy of this division requires investigation. The Holarctic genus Aenigmatias differs from other phorids in the dorsal position of the anterior thoracic spiracle; males are winged but females are wingless and cockroach-like in appearance (Peterson 1987).

Characters (from McAlpine 1990): Small humpbacked flies, 1-4 mm long. Ptilinal fissure and lunule absent. Wing rounded at apex, with radiating venation: branches of R strongly thickened and crowded into anterior base, four other weak and peculiarly aligned veins in remainder of wing blade; C ending near middle of anterior margin.

<==Phoridae [Phoromorpha]
    |--Sciadocerinae [Sciadoceridae] B10
    |    |--Sciadocera rufomaculata WT11
    |    |--Sciadophora bostoni McAlpine & Martin 1966 P92
    |    |--Eosciadocera Hong 1981 H02
    |    |    `--*E. helodis Hong 1981 H02
    |    |--Archisciada Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
    |    |    `--*A. lebanensis Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
    |    `--Archiphora Schmitz 1929 GC99
    |         |--A. pria Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
    |         `--+--*A. patagonica (Schmitz 1929) GC99
    |            `--A. robusta (Meunier 1917) GC99
    `--+--Prioriphora McAlpine & Martin 1966 [Prioriphorinae] GC99
       |    |--*P. canadambra McAlpine & Martin 1966 GC99
       |    |--P. casei Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
       |    |--P. intermedia GC99
       |    |--P. longicostalis GC99
       |    |--P. luzzii Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
       |    |--P. polyanka Mostovsky 1996 GC99
       |    `--P. setifemoralis GC99
       `--Euphorida B10
            |--Metopininae B10
            |--Phorinae B10
            |--Aenigmatias P87 [incl. Platyphora A71; Aenigmatiinae B10]
            |    `--A. eurynotus P87
            |--Hypocera [Hypocerinae] B10
            |    `--H. erhmanni B10
            `--Conicera [Conicerinae] B10
                 |--C. (Conicera) dauci P87
                 `--C. tibialis B10

Phoridae incertae sedis:
  Aphiura treviceps M83
  Thaumatoxena GE05
  Euliphora grimaldii GE05
  Cryptopteromyia jeanssoni S94
  Johowia B10
  Pseudohypocera kerteszi B10
  *Macrocerides curtifrons B10
  Ceratusa crinicornis B10
  Apterophora B10
  Eurycnemis alvarengai B10
  Latiborophaga B10
  Trineurocephala B10
  Chaetocnemistoptera B10
  Gymnoptera simplex B10
  Tapantia bicasa B10
  Neopleurophora B10
  Enderleinphora B10
    |--E. fuscohalterata [=Beckerina fuscohalterata] B10
    `--E. hansoni B10
  Brownphora sinefurca [=Beckerina sinefurca] B10
  Chaetaspidia convexifrons B10
  Cootiphora angustata B10
  Phymatopterella B10
    |--P. luteiclava B10
    `--P. miristigma [=Megaselia miristigma] B10
  Calamiscus cryptopalpis B10
  Acanthophorides B10
  Brachycephaloptera trichopleura B10
  Neophora frontalis B10
  Tabelliphora teretipenna B10
  Borgmeieriphora multisetosa B10
  Laciniomyia dilata B10
  Apodicrania B10
    |--A. molinai B10
    `--A. termitophila B10
  Myriophora B10
  Synclinusa B10
  Menozziola B10
  Dacnophora B10
  Laishania angustithorax B10
  Paurophora borgmeieri B10
  Eremophora hyalina B10
  Platydipteron balli B10
  Dinocercus caudatus B10
  Styletta crocea B10
  Dahliphora B10
  Allochaeta B10
  Travassophora plaumanni B10
  Cyphocephalus caviceps B10
  Homalophora B10
  Adelopteromyia B10
  Apterella molliventris B10
  Zikania schmidti B10
  Placophorina obtecta B10
  Holopterina longipalpis B10
    |--H. l. longipalpis B10
    `--H. l. sedula B10
  Thalloptera B10
  Veruanus B10
  Microselia texana P87
  Termitoxenia RD77 [Termitoxeniinae O98]
  Plectanocnema Schmitz 1926 B96
    `--P. nudipes (Becker 1901) B96
  Wandolleckia PB27
  Termitomyia RD77
  Ptochomyia RD77
  Aneurina caliginosa [incl. Phora urbana] RD77
  Electrophora P92
  Hypoceridites P92
  Protophorites P92
  Protoplatyphora P92
  Stephanostoriscus P92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B96] Brown, B. V. 1996. First record of the genus Plectanocnema Schmitz in North America (Diptera: Phoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 608–609.

[B10] Brown, B. V. 2010. Phoridae (hump-backed flies, scuttle flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 725–761. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[GC99] Grimaldi, D., & J. Cumming. 1999. Brachyceran Diptera in Cretaceous ambers and Mesozoic diversification of the Eremoneura. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 239: 1–124.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[O98] Oosterbroek, P. 1998. The Families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Brill: Leiden.

[P87] Peterson, B. V. 1987. Phoridae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 689–712. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[S94] Southcott, R. V. 1994. Revision of the larvae of the Microtrombidiinae (Acarina, Microtrombidiidae), with notes on life histories. Zoologica 48 (2): 1–155.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

Last updated: 14 July 2021.

Micrococcineae

Kocuria rhizophila, from the Biological Resource Centre, NITE.

Belongs within: Actinomycetales.
Contains: Dermabacteraceae, Microbacteriaceae, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter.

The Micrococcineae are a group of Gram-positive bacteria identified by molecular analysis. Members of the group are phenotypically diverse, including both coccoid and rod-shaped representatives. Members of the genus Micrococcus are aerobic cocci that often yellow to red in colouration. They are found in a diversity of habitats in soil and water; they are abundant on mammalian skin, though they are not known to be pathogenic (Prescott et al. 1996).

Micrococcineae [Dermatophilaceae] GH01a
    |--Microbacteriaceae PHK96
    `--+--Dermatophilus congolensis PHK96, MPV91
       |--+--+--+--Bogoriella [Bogoriellaceae] AK02
       |  |  |  |    `--B. caseilytica AK02
       |  |  |  `--Georgenia Altenburger, Kämpfer et al. 2002 AK02
       |  |  |       `--*G. muralis Alteburger, Kämpfer et al. 2002 AK02
       |  |  `--+--Rarobacter GH01a [Rarobacteraceae RS03]
       |  |     |    `--R. faecitabidus RS03
       |  |     `--Cellulomonadaceae GH01a
       |  |          |--Cellulomonas RS03
       |  |          `--Oerskovia GH01a
       |  `--Promicromonosporaceae RS03
       |       |--Beutenbergia [Beutenbergiaceae] AK02
       |       |    `--B. cavernae AK02
       |       |--+--Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (Metcalf & Brown 1957) Schumann et al. 2001 RS03, JC08 (see below for synonymy)
       |       |  `--Sanguibacter keddieii AK02
       |       `--+--Xylanimonas Rivas, Sánchez et al. 2003 RS03
       |          |    `--*X. cellulosilytica Rivas, Sánchez et al. 2003 RS03
       |          `--Promicromonospora RS03
       |               |--P. citrea RS03
       |               |--P. pachnodae Cazemier, Verdoes et al. 2004^VP IJSEM04
       |               `--P. sukumoe RS03
       `--Micrococcaceae GH01a
            |  i. s.: Demetria terrigena GH01a, AK02
            |--Stomatococcus PHK96
            `--+--Arthrobacter PHK96
               `--+--Renibacterium salmoninarum RP03
                  `--+--+--Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis RP03
                     |  `--Rothia mucilaginosa RP03
                     `--+--Nesterenkonia halobia RP03
                        `--+--Micrococcus RP03
                           |    |  i. s.: M. cryophilus PHK96
                           |    |         M. lysodeikticus P91
                           |    |         M. roseus PHK96
                           |    |--M. lylae RP03
                           |    `--+--M. antarcticus RP03
                           |       `--M. luteus RP03
                           `--+--Kytococcus sedentarius RP03
                              `--Kocuria RP03
                                   |--K. kristinae RP03
                                   `--+--+--K. rhizophila RP03
                                      |  `--K. varians RP03
                                      `--+--K. palustris RP03
                                         `--+--K. polaris Reddy, Prakash et al. 2003 RP03
                                            `--K. rosea RP03 [incl. Deinococcus erythromyxa GH01b, K. erythromyxa RP03]

Micrococcineae incertae sedis:
  Intrasporangiaceae GH01a
    |--Intrasporangium calvum LK03, CM03
    |--Terrabacter tumescens LK03
    |--Terracoccus luteus LK03, BP03
    |--Ornithinicoccus GH01a
    `--Janibacter LK03
         |--*J. limosus LK03
         `--J. terrae Yoon, Lee et al. 2000 [incl. J. brevis Imamura, Ikeda et al. 2000] LK03
  Dermabacteraceae GH01a
  Jonesia [Jonesiaceae] GH01a

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (Metcalf & Brown 1957) Schumann et al. 2001 RS03, JC08 [=Cellulomonas cellulans RS03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AK02] Altenburger, P., P. Kämpfer, P. Schumann, D. Vybiral, W. Lubitz & H.-J. Busse. 2002. Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 875-881.

[BP03] Bruns, A., H. Philipp, H. Cypionka & T. Brinkhoff. 2003. Aeromicrobium marinum sp. nov., an abundant pelagic bacterium isolated from the German Wadden Sea. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1917-1923.

[CM03] Cook, A. E., & P. R. Meyers. 2003. Rapid identification of filamentous actinomycetes to the genus level using genus-specific 16S rRNA gene restriction fragment patterns. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1907-1915.

[GH01a] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001a. The road map to the Manual. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria (Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity, eds) pp. 119-166. Springer.

[GH01b] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001b. Class I. Deinococci class. nov. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria (Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity, eds) pp. 395-420. Springer.

[IJSEM04] IJSEM. 2004. Validation list no. 95: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 1-2.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755-1763.

[LK03] Lang, E., R. M. Kroppenstedt, J. Swiderski, P. Schumann, W. Ludwig, A. Schmid & N. Weiss. 2003. Emended description of Janibacter terrae, including ten dibenzofuran-degrading strains and Janibacter brevis as its later heterotypic synonym. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1999-2005.

[MPV91] Mwase, E. T., R. G. Pegram & M. G. R. Varma. 1991. The development and survival of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) under quasi-natural conditions in Zimbabwe. In Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 239-244. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[P91] Podboronov, V. M. 1991. Antibacterial protective mechanisms of ixodoid ticks. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 375-380. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology (3^rd ed.) Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[RP03] Reddy, G. S. N., J. S. S. Prakash, V. Prabahar, G. I. Matsumoto, E. Stackebrandt & S. Shivaji. 2003. Kocuria polaris sp. nov., an orange-pigmented psychrophilic bacterium isolated from an Antarctic cyanobacterial mat sample. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 183-187.

[RS03] Rivas, R., M. Sánchez, M. E. Trujillo, J. L. Zurdo-Piñeiro, P. F. Mateos, E. Martínez-Molina & E. Velázquez. 2003. Xylanimonas cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from a decayed tree (Ulmus nigra). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 99-103.