Phorinae

Phora sp., copyright Eugene K.

Belongs within: Phoridae.

The Phorinae are a group of scuttle flies characterised by more or less distinct bristles on the tibiae, particularly a proximodorsal pair on the mid tibia (Peterson 1987).

Characters (from Peterson 1987): Frons bristled along entire lateral margins; supra-antennal bristles, when present, reclinate. Wing fully developed in both sexes. Tibiae with distinct, though sometimes short or weak, bristles; mid tibia always with at least a closely situated dorsal pair on basal half; other tibiae sometimes with similar bristles.

<==Phorinae B10
    |--Crinophleba rostrata P87
    |--Spiniphora spinulosa P87, B10
    |--Abaristophora diversipennis P87, B10
    |--Hypocerides nearcticus P87
    |--Stichillus adamsi P87
    |--Coniceromyia pilipleura P87
    |--Chaetopleurophora Schmitz 1927 H02
    |--Caenophorites Hong 2002 H02
    |    `--*C. xilutianensis Hong 2002 H02
    |--Huaxiaphoritis Hong 2002 H02
    |    `--*H. longispina (Hong 1981) [=Chaetopleurophora longispina] H02
    |--Fushunophoritis Hong 2002 H02
    |    `--*F. gastrocanthoidis (Hong 1981) [=Chaetopleurophora gastrocanthoidis] H02
    |--Fushuniclavicornia Hong 2002 H02
    |    `--*F. sinica (Hong 1981) [=Chaetopleurophora sinica] H02
    |--Rhoptrocera Hong 1981 H02
    |    `--*R. eocenica Hong 1981 H02
    |--Dohrniphora P87
    |    |--D. cornuta B10
    |    `--D. poinari P92
    |--Anevrina P87
    |    |--A. spinipes P87
    |    `--A. unispinosa B10
    |--Triphleba [incl. Citrago] P87
    |    |--T. pachyneura B10
    |    `--‘Citrago’ politifrons P87
    |--Borophaga P87
    |    |--B. incrassata [=Hypocera incrassata] A71
    |    `--B. verticalis B10
    |--Diplonevra P87
    |    |--D. florea WJ18
    |    |--D. nitidula B10
    |    `--D. setigera B10
    `--Phora Latreille 1796 BR05
         |--P. aterima (Fabricius 1794) [=Musca aterima] H02
         |--P. atra G20
         |--P. cara R35
         |--P. hybosa Hong 1981 H02
         |--P. occidentata B10
         |--P. putris (Linnaeus 758) L02, L58 [=Musca putris L02]
         `--P. viridinota P87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[B10] Brown, B. V. 2010. Phoridae (hump-backed flies, scuttle flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 725–761. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[P87] Peterson, B. V. 1987. Phoridae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 689–712. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.

[WJ18] Wahlberg, E., & K. A. Johanson. 2018. Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology 43: 619–636.