Ropalidia

Ropalidia marginata, copyright University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore.

Belongs within: Polistinae.

Ropalidia is a diverse genus of social wasps found in warmer regions of the Old World, characterised by fusion of the tergite and sternite of the second gastral segment (Richards 1978).

Characters (from Richards 1978): Humerus with no keel posteriorly in front of first thoracic spiracle. Mesoscutum not margined opposite tegula. Muscle-slit of propodeum usually shorter and rounded at top. Second gastral tergite and sternite more or less solidly fused.

<==Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville 1831 [=Icaria Saussure 1853, Rhopalidia Guérin-Méneville 1838] C85
    |--R. (Ropalidia) C85
    |    |--*R. (R.) maculiventris Guérin 1831 [=*Icaria maculiventris] C85
    |    |--R. (R.) bispinosa R78
    |    |--R. (R.) eboraca Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (R.) erratica R78
    |    |--R. (R.) fasciola Richards 1978 [=Icaria fasciata Smith 1858 non Eumenes fasciata Fabricius 1804] R78
    |    |--R. (R.) fulvopruinosa (Cameron 1906) [=Odynerus (Leionotus) fulvopruinosus] C85
    |    |--R. (R.) humboldti R78
    |    |--R. (R.) irritata R78
    |    |--R. (R.) mimikae R78
    |    |--R. (R.) mondoensis R78
    |    |--R. (R.) pratti R78
    |    `--R. (R.) semihyalinata R78
    |--R. (Anthreneida Whie 1841) [incl. Icariastrum von Dalla Torre 1904] R78
    |    |--R. (A.) sumatrae (Weber 1801) [=Vespa sumatrae; incl. *Anthreneida coronata White 1841, R. speciosa] R78
    |    |--R. (A.) erythrospila (Cameron 1908) R78, NK11 [=R. malayana erythrospila R78]
    |    |--R. (A.) lugubris (Smith 1858) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (A.) malayana (Cameron 1903) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (A.) modesta (Smith 1858) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (A.) nursei R78
    |    |--R. (A.) opulenta (Smith 1857) R78, NK11 [=Icaria opulenta R78, *Icariastrum opulentum R78]
    |    |--R. (A.) ornatipes (Cameron 1900) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (A.) pilosa (Smith 1854) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (A.) rufocollaris van der Vecht 1941 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (A.) rufoplagiata (Cameron 1905) R78, NK11
    |    |    |--R. r. rufoplagiata R78
    |    |    `--R. r. gravelyi R78
    |    `--R. (A.) sericea R78
    |--R. (Icariella Dalla Torre 1904) C85 [=Icarielia R78]
    |    |--R. (*I.) flavopicta (Smith 1857) [=Icaria flavopicta] C85
    |    |--R. (I.) bensoni Richards 1978 R78
    |    |--R. (I.) conservator R78 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--R. (I.) deminutiva [=R. diminutiva (l. c.)] R78
    |    |--R. (I.) festina R78
    |    |--R. (I.) gemmea R78
    |    |--R. (I.) insolens R78
    |    |--R. (I.) integra R78
    |    |--R. (I.) ivorina R78
    |    |--R. (I.) leopoldi R78
    |    |--R. (I.) lepida van der Vecht 1962 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) longipetiolata F78
    |    |--R. (I.) loriana R78
    |    |--R. (I.) malaisei van der Vecht 1962 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) montana R78
    |    |--R. (I.) nigrior Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) novaeguineae (von Schulthess 1913) [=Parapolybia novaeguineae, Polybia novaeguineae] R78
    |    |--R. (I.) opifex van der Vecht 1962 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) romandi (Le Guillou 1841) [=Polistes romandi, Icaria romandi] R78
    |    |    |--R. r. romandi C85
    |    |    `--R. r. cabeti (Saussure 1853) [=Icaria cabeti] C85
    |    `--R. (I.) zonata R78
    |--R. (Icariola Dalla Torre 1904) [=Zuba Cheesman 1952] C85
    |    |--R. (*I.) gregaria (Saussure 1853) [=Icaria gregaria, R. (*Zuba) gregaria] C85
    |    |    |--R. g. gregaria [incl. Polistes bioculata Fabricius 1804 (n. d.)] C85
    |    |    `--R. g. spilocephala (Cameron 1906) (see below for synonymy) R78
    |    |--R. (I.) anarchica R78
    |    |--R. (I.) aristocratica (de Saussure 1853) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) bicincta R78
    |    |--R. (I.) bilineata R78
    |    |--R. (I.) binghami van der Vecht 1941 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) canaria R78
    |    |--R. (I.) capensis [incl. R. ambigua] R78
    |    |--R. (I.) carinata R78
    |    |--R. (I.) celebensis van der Vecht 1941 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) cincta (Lepeletier 1836) R78, GS61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--R. (I.) colorata R78
    |    |--R. (I.) constitutionalis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) copiaria (de Saussure 1862) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) cyathiformis (Fabricius 1804) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) darwini Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) deceptor (Smith 1864) [=Icaria deceptor] C85
    |    |--R. (I.) distigma R78
    |    |--R. (I.) dubia R78
    |    |--R. (I.) duchaussoyi R78
    |    |--R. (I.) elegantula Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) eurostoma Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) fasciata (Fabricius 1804) R78, NK11 [=Eumenes fasciata R78; incl. R. picta R78]
    |    |--R. (I.) fluviatilis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) formosa [incl. R. hova] R78
    |    |    |--R. f. formosa R78
    |    |    `--R. ‘hova’ minor R78
    |    |--R. (I.) galimatia R78
    |    |--R. (I.) gracilenta Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) gracilis (Smith 1859) [=Icaria gracilis] R78
    |    |--R. (I.) grandidieri R78
    |    |--R. (I.) granulata van der Vecht 1941 R78, NK11
    |    |    |--R. g. granulata R78
    |    |    `--R. g. borneensis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) guttatipennis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) hirsuta Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) hongkongensis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) horni Sonan 1938 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) impetuosa (Smith 1860) [=Icaria impetuosa] R78
    |    |--R. (I.) interrupta van der Vecht 1941 [=R. variegata interrupta] C85
    |    |    |--R. i. interrupta C85
    |    |    `--R. i. flavinoda van der Vecht 1941 [=R. variegata flavinoda] C85
    |    |--R. (I.) jacobsoni (du Buysson 1908) R78, NK11 [=R. variegata jacobsoni R78]
    |    |--R. (I.) kurandae Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) laticincta van der Vecht 1962 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) mackayensis Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) magnanima van der Vecht 1941 NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) marginata (Lepeletier 1836) [=Epipona marginata] R78
    |    |    |--R. m. marginata C85
    |    |    |--R. m. jucunda (Cameron 1898) [=Icaria jucunda] C85
    |    |    `--R. m. sundiaca R78
    |    |--R. (I.) mathematica (Smith 1860) R78, NK11
    |    |    |--R. m. mathematica R78
    |    |    `--R. m. binotata R78
    |    |--R. (I.) mutabilis Richards 1978 C85
    |    |    |--R. m. mutabilis C85
    |    |    `--R. m. torresiana Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) nitidula R78
    |    |--R. (I.) nobilis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) pendula R78
    |    |--R. (I.) petulans R78
    |    |--R. (I.) plebiana Richards 1978 [=R. plebeiana, Icaria plebeja Saussure 1863 non Saussure 1862] R78
    |    |--R. (I.) politica R78
    |    |--R. (I.) pomicolor R78
    |    |--R. (I.) proletaria Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) ranavali R78
    |    |--R. (I.) revolutionalis (Saussure 1853) [=Icaria revolutionalis, I. revolutinalis (l. c.)] C85
    |    |--R. (I.) schulthessi R78
    |    |--R. (I.) scitula (Bingham 1897) R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) socialistica (Saussure 1853) [=Icaria socialistica] C85
    |    |--R. (I.) spatulata R78
    |    |--R. (I.) timida van der Vecht 1962 R78, NK11
    |    |--R. (I.) tomentosa R78
    |    |--R. (I.) trichophthalma Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) turneri Richards 1978 C85
    |    |--R. (I.) unicolor (Smith 1859) R78, SK05
    |    |--R. (I.) variabilis R78
    |    |--R. (I.) variegata (Smith 1852) R78, NK11
    |    `--R. (I.) vitripennis R78
    |--R. (Paraicaria Gribodo 1892) R78
    |    |--R. (P.) bicolorata van der Vecht 1962 (see below for synonymy) R78
    |    `--R. (P.) nigerrima van der Vecht 1962 R78, NK11
    `--R. (Polistratus Cameron 1906) C85
         |--R. (P.) brunnea (Smith 1858) R78 (see below for synonymy)
         |--R. (P.) bambusae Richards 1978 R78
         |--R. (P.) domestica Cheesman 1952 R78
         |--R. (P.) latetergum Richards 1978 C85
         |--R. (P.) melania Richards 1978 R78
         |--R. (P.) mysolica [incl. Odynerus conspicuus] R78
         |--R. (P.) nigra [incl. R. spilostoma] R78
         |--R. (P.) sepicana Richards 1978 R78
         |--R. (P.) wudai R78
         |    |--R. w. wudai R78
         |    `--R. w. trullissima R78
         `--R. (P.) xanthura R78

Ropalidia incertae sedis:
  R. aethiopica (Du Buysson 1906) [=Icaria aethiopica] GS61
  R. artifex (de Saussure 1853) NK11
    |--R. a. artifex R78
    `--R. a. fuscata R78
  R. bipartita van der Vecht 1962 NK11
  R. crassa van der Vecht 1941 NK11
  R. curvilineata (Cameron 1908) NK11
  R. dichroma van der Vecht 1941 NK11
  R. extrema (van der Vecht 1962) NK11
  R. flavobrunnea van der Vecht 1962 NK11
  R. fraterna R78
  R. hongkongensisjuncta (de Saussure 1854) NK11
  R. javanica van der Vecht 1962 NK11 [=R. flavopicta javanica R78]
  R. latebalteata (Cameron 1902) NK11
  R. luzonensis Kojima 1996 NK11
  R. nigrescens van der Vecht 1962 NK11
  R. obscura Gusenleitner 1996 NK11
  R. orhracea NK11
  R. ornaticeps (Cameron 1908) NK11
  R. palawana (Kojima & Tano 1985) NK11
  R. philippinensis (de Saussure 1854) NK11
  R. plebeja (Saussure 1862) NK11 [=Icaria plebeja C85]
  R. pseudomalayana Kojima 1996 NK11
  R. punctum (Fabricius 1804) [=Polistes punctum] C85
  R. socialis (de Saussure 1862) NK11
  R. stigma (Smith 1858) NK11 [=Polybia stigma R78]
  R. trimaculata van der Vecht 1962 NK11

Ropalidia (Icariella) conservator R78 [incl. R. decorata (Smith 1858) R78, NK11, R. goodfellowi R78, R. limatula R78, R. waigeuensis R78, R. xanthopoda R78]

Ropalidia (Icariola) cincta (Lepeletier 1836) R78, GS61 [=Epipona cincta GS61, Icaria cincta GS61; incl. I. tricinctella Gribodo 1895 GS61]

Ropalidia (Icariola) gregaria spilocephala (Cameron 1906) [=Icaria spilocephala; incl. R. gregaria inquieta Cheesman 1952, I. kohni du Buysson 1909, R. gregaria var. tolerans Cheesman 1952] R78

Ropalidia (Paraicaria) bicolorata van der Vecht 1962 [incl. *Paraicaria bicolor Gribodo 1892 non Icaria bicolor Smith 1864] R78

Ropalidia (Polistratus) brunnea (Smith 1858) R78 [=Icaria brunnea C85; incl. R. alleni R78, *Polistratus cariniscutis Cameron 1906 C85]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[GS61] Giordani Soika, A. 1961. Hymenoptera (Aculeata): Vespidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 440–451. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[NK11] Nicholas, A. S., J. Kojima, M. Y. Ruslan, M. Fauzi & A. B. Idris. 2011. A list of social vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Kuala Lompat, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, peninsular Malaysia. Serangga 16 (1): 59–74.

[R78] Richards, O. W. 1978. The Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 61: 1–132.

[SK05] Saito, F., J. Kojima, R. Ubaidillah & S. Hartini. 2005. Paper wasps of the genus Polistes in eastern Lesser Sunda Islands (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14 (1): 102–114.