Ampulicidae

Emerald cockroach wasp Ampulex compressa, copyright Len Worthington.

Belongs within: Apoidea.
Contains: Aphelotoma, Dolichurus.

The Ampulicidae, cockroach wasps, are a primarily tropical group of slender wasps that, as their vernacular name indicates, provision nests with cockroaches (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Characters (from Bohart & Menke 1976, as Ampulicinae): Inner orbits entire, converging a little above or below or parallel; ocelli normal. Antennae rather low on face, sockets contiguous with or slightly removed from frontoclypeal suture; male with 13 and female with 12 antennal articles. Clypeus transverse or strongly nasiform. Mandible without a notch or angle on externoventral margin; palpal formula 6-4; mouthparts short although maxillary palpi often very long; gular area of head usually broadly separating hypostoma from occipital area. Pronotum with a high collar which is moderately long to very long and often tuberculate; pronotal lobe close to tegula, sometimes touching. Notauli usually present and extending length of scutum, usually deeply impressed; no oblique scutal carina; scutellum with pitted transverse basal sulcus. Episternal sulcus absent except sometimes for remnant between end of omaulus and anteroventral margin of pleuron; omaulus usually present. Lower metapleural area sometimes defined by differential sculpture, but definitive metapleuron often consisting of upper metapleural area only. Midtibia with two apical spurs; midcoxal cavities widely separated but midcoxae approximate, sternal area between midcoxae narrow, often sharp-edged, midcoxae without dorsolateral carina or crest; precoxal lobes absent; hindfemur simple apically; claws with a single tooth on inner margin or bifid; foretarsal rake absent; arolium minute. Propodeum moderately long to long; enclosure usually present, U-shaped to nearly triangular, entirely dorsal; propodeal sternite present. Forewing with two or three submarginal cells and two recurrent veins, first recurrent received by submarginal I or II, second recurrent received by II or III; marginal cell acuminate apically, appendiculate, apex rarely approximating a right angle. Jugal lobe absent or small; hindwing media diverging before, at, or after cu-a; hindwing sometimes with subcostal vein; anal area without anal vein. Gaster sessile or with a petiole composed of sternum and tergum; tergum I with lateral line or carina; male gaster usually with three visible segments only, segments IV–VII in male capable of being withdrawn, usually only narrowly exposed if at all; pygidial plate absent; sternum VI in female elongate, overlapping dorsally to form an exposed tapering tube through which the sting apparatus is exserted. Volsella of male genitalia with movable digitus and cuspis; aedeagal head with teeth on ventral edge; cerci present or absent.

Ampulicidae [Ampulicinae]
    |  i. s.: Cariridris bipetiolata Brandão & Martins-Neto in Brandão et al. 1989 JB13, RJ93
    |         Apodolichurus sphaerocephalus PK17
    |--Dolichurini BM76
    |    |--+--Aphelotoma BM76
    |    |  `--‘Austrotoma’ Riek 1955 non Finlay 1924 BM76
    |    |       `--A. aterrima (Turner 1907) [=Aphelotoma aterrima] BM76
    |    `--+--Trirogma Westwood 1841 [=Trirhogma Agassiz 1847] BM76
    |       |    |--*T. caerulea Westwood 1841 BM76
    |       |    |--T. nigra Cameron 1903 BM76
    |       |    `--T. prismatica Smith 1858 BM76
    |       `--+--Dolichurus BM76
    |          `--Paradolichurus Williams 1960 BM76
    |               |--*P. californicus (Williams 1960) [=Dolichurus californicus] BM76
    |               |--P. morelensis (Williams 1962) [=Dolichurus morelensis] BM76
    |               `--P. obidensis (Ducke 1903) [=Dolichurus obidensis] BM76
    |                    |--P. o. obidensis BM76
    |                    `--P. o. maranhensis (Ducke 1904) [=Dolichurus maranhensis] BM76
    `--Ampulex Jurine 1807 C85 (see below for synonymy)
         |--*A. fasciata Jurine 1907 C85 [incl. A. europaea Giraud 1858 BM76]
         |--A. aborensis Nurse 1914 BM76
         |--A. aenea (Fabricius 1804) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--A. ‘aenea’ Spinola 1841 non Dryinus aeneus Fabricius 1804 BM76
         |--A. aereola Bradley 1934 BM76
         |--A. alisana Tsuneki 1967 BM76
         |--A. angusticollis Spinola 1841 [incl. A. dubia Kohl 1893] BM76
         |--A. annulipes Motschulsky 1863 BM76
         |--A. apicalis Smith 1873 BM76
         |--A. approximata Turner 1912 BM76
         |--A. arnoldi Brauns 1928 BM76
         |--A. assamensis Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. assimilis Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. atrohirta Turner 1915 BM76
         |--A. bispinosa (Reich 1795) [=Sphex bispinosa] BM76
         |--A. bredoi Arnold 1947 BM76
         |--A. brunneofasciata Giordani Soika 1939 BM76
         |--A. bryanti Turner 1914 BM76
         |--A. canaliculata Say 1823 (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--A. carinifrons Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. chalybea Smith 1856 BM76
         |--A. collator Bradley 1934 BM76
         |--A. compressa (Fabricius 1781) C85 (see below for synonymy)
         |--A. compressiventris Guérin-Méneville 1835 [incl. Sphex sibirica Fabricius 1793 non Christ 1791] BM76
         |--A. conigera Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. constanceae (Cameron 1891) [=Rhinopsis constanceae] BM76
         |--A. crassicornis Kohl 1898 BM76
         |--A. crawshayi Turner 1917 BM76
         |--A. crudelis Bingham 1897 [incl. A. trigona Cameron 1902] BM76
         |--A. cuprea Smith 1856 BM76
         |--A. cyanator (Thunberg 1822) [=Ichneumon cyanator; incl. A. gratiosa Kohl 1893] BM76
         |--A. cyanipes (Westwood 1841) [=Chlorion cyanipes, A. cyaneipes Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
         |--A. cyanura Kohl 1893 [incl. A. africana Cameron 1905, A. capensis Cameron 1905] BM76
         |    |--A. c. cyanura BM76
         |    |--A. c. monticola Arnold 1928 BM76
         |    `--A. c. rhodesiana Arnold 1928 BM76
         |--A. cyclostoma Gribodo 1894 BM76
         |--A. dentata Matsumura & Uchida 1926 BM76
         |--A. denticollis (Cameron 1910) [=Dolichurus denticollis] BM76
         |    |--A. d. denticollis BM76
         |    `--A. d. rufithorax Arnold 1931 BM76
         |--A. ‘denticollis’ Tsuneki 1967 non Dolichurus denticollis Cameron 1910 BM76
         |--A. difficilis Strand 1913 BM76
         |--A. dissector (Thunberg 1822) (see below for synonymy) BM76
         |--A. distinguenda Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. dives Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. elegantula Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. erythropus Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. esakii Yasumatsu 1936 BM76
         |--A. ferruginea Bradley 1934 BM76
         |--A. formicoides Turner 1926 BM76
         |--A. formosa Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. fulgens Beaumont 1970 BM76
         |--A. hellmayri Schulz 1904 BM76
         |--A. himalayensis Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. honesta Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. hospes Smith 1856 [incl. A. foveifrons Cameron 1903] BM76
         |    |--A. h. hospes BM76
         |    `--A. h. cognata Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. insularis Smith 1857 BM76
         |--A. interstitialis Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. javana Cameron 1905 BM76
         |--A. khasiana Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. kristenseni Turner 1917 BM76
         |--A. kurarensis Yasumatsu 1936 BM76
         |--A. laevigata Kohl 1893 [=A. levigata Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
         |--A. latifrons Kohl 1893 [incl. A. brevicornis Cameron 1902, A. pulchriceps Cameron 1900] BM76
         |--A. lazulina Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. longicollis Cameron 1902 [incl. A. trichiosoma Cameron 1902] BM76
         |--A. lugubris Arnold 1947 BM76
         |--A. luluana Leclercq 1954 BM76
         |--A. maculicornis (Cameron 1889) [=Rhinopsis maculicornis; incl. A. maculicollis Dalla Torre 1897] BM76
         |--A. major Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. melanocera Cameron 1908 BM76
         |--A. metallica Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. micado Cameron 1905 BM76
         |--A. micans Kohl 1893 C85
         |--A. minor Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. mirabilis Berland 1935 BM76
         |--A. mocsaryi Kohl 1898 BM76
         |--A. moebii Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. montana Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. moultoni Turner 1915 BM76
         |--A. murotai Tsuneki 1973 BM76
         |--A. mutilloides Kohl 1893 [incl. A. sanguinicollis Brauns 1898] BM76
         |--A. nasuta André 1894 BM76
         |--A. nebulosa Smith 1856 [incl. A. cribrata Kohl 1893] BM76
         |--A. neotropica Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. nigricans Cameron 1899 BM76
         |--A. nigrocaerulea Saussure 1892 [incl. A. jansei Cameron 1910, A. spiloptera Cameron 1905] BM76
         |--A. nitidicollis Turner 1919 BM76
         |--A. occipitalis Arnold 1947 BM76
         |--A. overlaeti Leclercq 1954 BM76
         |--A. pilipes Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. pilosa Cameron 1900 BM76
         |--A. psilopa Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. purpurea (Westwood 1844) [=Chlorion purpureum] BM76
         |--A. raptor Smith 1856 BM76
         |--A. regalis Smith 1860 BM76
         |--A. rothneyi Cameron 1902 BM76
         |--A. ruficollis Cameron 1888 BM76
         |--A. ruficornis (Cameron 1889) [=Rhinopsis ruficornis] BM76
         |--A. ruficoxis Cameron 1902 BM76
         |--A. rufofemorata Cameron 1903 BM76
         |--A. sagax Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. satoi Yasumatsu 1936 BM76
         |--A. sciophanes (Nagy 1971) [=Chlorampulex sciophanes] BM76
         |--A. seitzii Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. senex Bischoff 1915 BM76
         |--A. sikkimensis (Kriechbaumer 1874) [=*Waagenia sikkimensis] BM76
         |--A. smaragdina Smith 1858 BM76
         |--A. sodalicia Kohl 1893 [incl. A. striatifrons Cameron 1902, A. tricarinata Cameron 1902] BM76
         |--A. sonani Yasumatsu 1936 BM76
         |--A. sonnerati Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. spectabilis Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. splendidula Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. surinamensis Saussure 1867 BM76
         |--A. sybarita Kohl 1893 BM76
         |--A. takeuchii Yasumatsu 1936 BM76
         |--A. thoracica Smith 1856 BM76
         |--A. toroensis Turner 1919 BM76
         |--A. trigonopsis Smith 1873 BM76
         |--A. varicolor Turner 1919 BM76
         |--A. venusta Stål 1857 BM76
         `--A. viridescens Arnold 1947 BM76

Ampulex Jurine 1807 C85 [incl. Chlorampulex Saussure 1892 BM76, Lorrheum Shuckard 1837 BM76, Pronoeus Latreille 1809 BM76, Rhinopsis Westwood 1844 BM76, Waagenia Kriechbaumer 1874 BM76; Ampulicini BM76]

Ampulex aenea (Fabricius 1804) [=Dryinus aeneus, *Pronoeus aeneus; incl. Ampulex dahlbomii Kohl 1893, A. guerini Dahlbom 1843] BM76

Ampulex canaliculata Say 1823 [incl. *Rhinopsis abbottii Westwood 1844, R. melanognathus Rohwer 1912, Ampulex pensylvanica Haldeman 1849] BM76

Ampulex compressa (Fabricius 1781) C85 [=Sphex compressa C85, *Chlorampulex compressa BM76, Chlorion compressum BM76, *Lorrheum compressum BM76; incl. Ampulex sinensis Saussure 1867 BM76, Chlorampulex striolata Saussure 1892 BM76]

Ampulex dissector (Thunberg 1822) [=Ichneumon dissector; incl. A. amoena Stål 1857, A. consimilis Kohl 1893, A. japonica Kohl 1893, A. novarae Saussure 1867] BM76

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[C85] Cardale, J. C. 1985. Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 150–303. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[JB13] Johnson, B. R., M. L. Borowiec, J. C. Chiu, E. K. Lee, J. Atallah & P. S. Ward. 2013. Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps. Current Biology 23: 2058–2062.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.