Belongs within: Neocribellatae.
Contains: Nesticidae, Theridiidae, Synotaxidae, Cyatholipidae, Nephilidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae, Symphytognathidae, Mysmenidae, Anapidae, Linyphiidae, Tetragnathidae.
The Araneoidea are a clade of spiders that commonly construct elaborate webs for capturing prey such as orb or cob webs.
Synapomorphies (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Cribellum absent; posterior lateral spinnerets with two aciniform gland spigots flanking flagelliform gland spigot; setae serrate; labium short; lateral eyes juxtaposed at least in males.
<==Araneoidea [Extentae]
|--+--+--Theridioidea JD-S07
| | | |--Nesticidae JD-S07
| | | `--Theridiidae BS09
| | `--Cyatholipoidea JD-S07
| | |--Synotaxidae JD-S07
| | `--Cyatholipidae JD-S07
| `--+--Nephilidae BS09
| `--+--Araneidae BS09
| `--+--Theridiosomatidae S03
| `--+--+--Symphytognathidae S03
| | `--Mysmenidae S03
| `--+--Anapidae BS09
| `--Synaphridae S03
| |--Crassignatha Wunderlich 1994 S03
| |--Iardinus Simon 1899 S03
| |--Synaphris Simon 1894 S03
| `--Cepheia Simon 1894 S03
| `--C. longiseta Simon 1881 S03
`--+--Linyphioidea JD-S07
| |--Linyphiidae BS09
| `--Pimoidae JD-S07
| |--Weintrauboa Hormiga 2003 JD-S07
| |--Nanoa Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff 2005 JD-S07
| `--Pimoa Chamberin & Ivie 1943 JD-S07
| |--P. altioculata Chamberlin & Ivie 1943 SC97
| `--P. laurae JD-S07
`--+--Tetragnathidae BS09
`--+--Malkaridae JD-S07
| |--Malkara Davies 1980 [Malkarinae] RRH09
| | `--M. loricata FF99
| `--Sternoidinae [Sternodidae, Sternoidini] RRH09
| |--Carathea Moran 1986 RRH09
| |--Chilenodes Platnick & Forster 1987 RRH09
| `--Perissopmeros Butler 1932 (see below for synonymy) RRH09
| |--*P. castaneous Butler 1932 RRH09
| |--P. darwini Rix, Roberts & Harvey 2009 RRH09
| |--‘*Sternodes’ foraminatus Butler 1929 [=*Sternoides foraminatus] RRH09
| `--‘Sternodes’ mullawerringi JD-S07
`--Mimetidae FF99
|--Mimetarchaea gintaras Eskov 1992 SHR08
|--Gnolus [Gnoleae, Oarciinae] SC97
|--Mimetus Hentz 1832 BS09, JD-S07
| |--M. hesperus R14
| `--M. notius R14
|--Australomimetus Heimer 1989 PVD10
| |--A. mendicus (Pickard-Cambridge 1879) PVD10
| `--A. sennio (Urquhart 1891) PVD10
`--Ero FF99
|--E. aberrans Petrunckevitch 1958 S93
|--E. cambridgei Kulczynski 1911 BBM02
|--E. carboneana Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
|--E. furcata (Villers 1789) BBM02
`--E. permunda Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
Araneoidea incertae sedis:
Hypopthalma E90
Juraraneus [Juraraneidae] SHR08
`--J. rasnitsyni Eskov 1984 SHR08
Cretaraneus vilaltae Selden 1990 S93
Acrometidae S93
|--Pseudoacrometa gracilipes Wunderlich 1986 S93
|--Cornuanandrus maior Wunderlich 1986 S93
|--Anandrus S93
| |--A. inermis (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
| |--A. quaesitus (Petrunkevitch 1958) S93
| `--A. redemptus (Petrunkevitch 1958) S93
`--Acrometa S93
|--A. cristata Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
|--A. minutum (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
|--A. robustum (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
|--A. samlandica (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
|--A. setosus (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
`--A. succini Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
Adjutoridae S93
|--Ajunctor similis Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
|--Admissor aculeatus Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
`--Adjutor S93
|--A. deformis Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
`--A. mirabilis Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
Ephalmator [Ephalmatoridae] S93
|--E. eximius Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
`--E. fossilis Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
Zarqaraneidae W19
Cretamysmenidae W19
Perissopmeros Butler 1932 [incl. Sternodes Butler 1929 (preoc.), Sternoides Platnick 1998] RRH09
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BS09] Blackledge, T. A., N. Scharff, J. A. Coddington, T. Szüts, J. W. Wenzel, C. Y. Hayashi & I. Agnarsson. 2009. Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (13): 5229–5234.
[BBM02] Bonte, D., L. Baert & J.-P. Maelfait. 2002. Spider assemblage structure and stability in a heterogeneous coastal dune system (Belgium). Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 331–343.
[E90] Eberhard, W. G. 1990. Early stages of orb construction by Philoponella vicinia, Leucauge mariana, and Nephila clavipes (Araneae, Uloboridae and Tetragnathidae), and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Arachnology 18: 205–234.
[FF99] Forster, R., & L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and their World-wide Kin. University of Otago Press: Dunedin (New Zealand).
[JD-S07] Jocqué, R. & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2007. Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa: Tervuren (Belgium).
[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).
[R14] Ramírez, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1–374.
[RRH09] Rix, M. G., J. D. Roberts & M. S. Harvey. 2009. The spider families Synotaxidae and Malkaridae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneoidea) in Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 295–304.
[SC97] Scharff, N., & J. A. Coddington. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 355–434.
[S03] Schütt, K. 2003. Phylogeny of Symphytognathidae s.l. (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoologica Scripta 32 (2): 129–151.
[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SHR08] Selden, P. A., Huang D. & Ren D. 2008. Palpimanoid spiders from the Jurassic of China. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 306–321.
[W19] Wunderlich, J. 2019. What is a spider? Cretaceous fossils modify strongly phylogenetics as well as diagnoses of families, superfamilies and even suborders of spiders (Araneida) and other arthropods. Beiträge zur Araneologie 12: 1–32.
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