Veronica

Veronica aphylla, copyright Juan José Sánchez.

Belongs within: Veroniceae.
Contains: Veronica subgenus Pocilla, Veronica subgenus Pentasepalae, Veronica subgenus Stenocarpon, Hebe.

Veronica, speedwells, is a diverse genus of flowering plants found primarily in temperate regions of the world.

Synapomorphies (from Albach et al. 2004): Flowers subactinomorphic, with four calyx and four corolla lobes, short to absent corolla tube, and two exserted stamina; fruit much compressed, apex notched, seeds flattened.

Veronica [incl. V. sect. Paederotoides Benth. in DC. 1846, V. subsect. Strictiflorae Benth. in DC. 1846] AM-O04
    |--V. subg. Veronica (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--*V. officinalis AM-O04
    |    |--V. abyssinica AM-O04
    |    |--V. alpina Linnaeus 1753 [=V. (ser. *Alpinae) alpina] AM-O04
    |    |--V. aphylla [=*Azurinia aphylla (Linnaeus) Fourr. 1869, V. (subsect. *Aphyllae) aphylla] AM-O04
    |    |--V. bellidioides [=V. (sect. *Veronicastrum) bellidioides] AM-O04
    |    |--V. cana [=V. (ser. *Canae) cana] AM-O04
    |    |--V. glandulosa [=V. (subsect. *Glandulosae) glandulosa] AM-O04
    |    |--V. montana Linnaeus 1755 AM-O04, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--V. ponae [=V. gouani, V. (subsect. *Gouani) ponae] AM-O04
    |    |--V. pyroliformis [=V. (subsect. *Pyroliformes) pyroliformis] AM-O04
    |    |--V. scutellata (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. stelleri AM-O04
    |    |--V. szechuanica [=V. (subsect. *Szechuanicae) szechuanica AM-O04
    |    `--V. urticifolia [=V. (subsect. *Urticifoliae) urticifolia] AM-O04
    |--V. subg. Beccabunga (Hill) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. (subg. *Beccabunga) beccabunga AM-O04
    |    |--V. acinifolia [=V. (subsect. *Acinifolia) acinifolia] AM-O04
    |    |--V. archboldii Pennell 1936 AM-O04
    |    |--V. gentianoides AM-O04
    |    |--V. peregrina [=V. (subsect. *Annuae) peregrina, V. (subsect. *Peregrinae) peregrina] AM-O04
    |    |    |--V. p. ssp. peregrina H93
    |    |    `--V. p. ssp. xalapensis H93
    |    |--V. serpyllifolia (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |    |--V. s. ssp. serpyllifolia H93
    |    |    `--V. s. ssp. humifusa H93
    |    |--V. syriaca AM-O04
    |    `--V. telephiifolia [=V. (subsect. *Telephiifolia) telephiifolia] AM-O04
    |--V. subg. Synthyris (Bentham) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. missurica Raf. 1818 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |    |--V. m. ssp. missurica [incl. Synthyris missurica ssp. hirsuta Pennell 1933] AM-O04
    |    |    |--V. m. ssp. major (Hook.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |    `--V. m. ssp. stellata (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. alaskensis Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. besseya Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. bullii (Eaton) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. californica Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. canbyi (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. dissecta (Rydb.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |    |--V. d. ssp. dissecta [incl. Synthyris cymopteroides Pennell 1933, S. hendersonii Pennell 1933] AM-O04
    |    |    `--V. d. ssp. lanuginosa (Piper) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. idahoensis (Gail & Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. oblongifolia (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. paysonii (Pennell & Williams) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. plantaginea James 1825 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. ranunculina (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. regina-nivalis Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. ritteriana (Eastw.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. schizantha (Piper) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. utahensis Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    `--V. wyomingensis (Nelson) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |--V. subg. Pseudolysimachium (Koch) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
    |    |--V. (subg. *Pseudolysimachium) spicata [=*Hedystachys spicata] AM-O04
    |    |--V. alatavica [=V. (subsect. *Alatavicae) alatavica] AM-O04
    |    |--V. dahurica [=V. (subsect. *Dahuricae) dahurica] AM-O04
    |    |--V. longifolia [=V. (ser. *Longifoliae) longifolia] AM-O04
    |    |--V. pinnata [=Pseudolysimachion (ser. *Pinnatae) pinnatum] AM-O04
    |    |--V. schmidtiana [=Pseudolysimachion (sect. *Schmidtiana) schmidtianum] AM-O04
    |    `--V. spuria [=Pseudolysimachion (ser. *Spuriae) spurium; incl. V. laciniata Ait. 1789] AM-O04
    `--+--V. subg. Cochlidiosperma (Rchb.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
       |    |--V. (subg. *Cochlidiosperma) hederifolia (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
       |    |--V. crista-galli (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
       |    `--V. cymbalaria [=V. (subsect. *Cymbalariae) cymbalaria] AM-O04
       |--V. subg. Pellidosperma (Lehm.) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
       |    |--V. (subg. *Pellidosperma) praecox AM-O04
       |    |--V. aznavourii [=V. pontica, V. pumila] AM-O04
       |    `--V. triphyllos AM-O04
       `--+--V. subg. Triangulicapsula Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
          |    |--V. (subg. *Triangulicapsula) chamaepithyoides [incl. V. (subsect. *Digitatae) digitata] AM-O04
          |    `--V. grisebachii [incl. V. chamaepitys] AM-O04
          |--+--V. subg. Pocilla AM-O04
          |  `--V. subg. Pentasepalae AM-O04
          |--V. subg. Chamaedrys (Koch) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
          |    |--V. (subg. *Chamaedrys) chamaedrys (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
          |    |--V. arvensis AM-O04 (see below for synonymy)
          |    `--V. verna [incl. V. pinnatifida Lam. 1791] AM-O04
          |--+--V. subg. Stenocarpon AM-O04
          |  `--V. subg. Paderotella (Wulff) Boriss. in Shishkin & Bobrov 1955 (see below for synonymy) AM-O04
          |       |--V. (subg. *Paederotella) ruprechtii [=Paederota pontica, Paederotella pontica] AM-O04
          |       |--V. daghestanica AM-O04
          |       `--V. teberdensis AM-O04
          `--+--Hebe AM-O04
             `--Derwentia Raf. 1838 AM-O04
                  |--D. derwentiana B00
                  |--‘Hebe’ formosa AM-O04
                  |--‘Parahebe’ lithophila AM-O04
                  `--D. perfoliata B00

Veronica incertae sedis:
  V. americana H93
  V. anagallis C55
  V. anagallis-aquatica BR65
  V. anagalloides AM-O04
    |--V. a. ssp. anagalloides AM-O04
    `--V. a. ssp. heureka [incl. V. cordata Celakovsky 1877] AM-O04
  V. aragonensis AM-O04
  V. areolata Colenso 1892 A61
  V. baumgartenii AM-O04
  V. buchananii Hooker 1864 BK04 (see below for synonymy)
  V. calycina BR65
  V. catenata [incl. V. comosa] H93
  V. cephaloides O88
  V. chinoalpina AM-O04
  V. chionantha AM-O04
  V. cinerea Boissier & Balansa 1859 (nom. cons. prop.) non Rafinesque 1838 (nom. rej. prop.) M-OA03
  V. copelandii H93
  V. cusickii H93
  V. decorosa BR65
  V. deltigera O88
  V. derwentia Andrews 1808 [incl. V. labiata Brown 1810] BR65
  V. diosmifolia Cunningham 1836 BK04 (see below for synonymy)
  V. distans BR65
  V. dorrien-smithii Cockayne 1912 BK04 [=Hebe dorrien-smithii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61]
  V. emodi O88
  V. glareosa AM-O04
  V. himalensis [=V. (sect. Beccabunga subsect. Himalensis) himalensis] AM-O04
  V. hirsuta Colenso 1892 A61
  V. javanica [=V. (sect. Veronica subsect. Javanicae) javanica] AM-O04
  V. kopetdaghensis AM-O04
  V. lewisii Armstrong 1881 BK04 [=Hebe lewisii CA27]
  V. ‘macrocalyx’ Colenso 1892 non Armstrong 1881 A61
  V. macroura Hooker ex Bentham in DC. 1846 BK04, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |--V. m. var. macroura BK04 [=H. stricta var. macroura ME70]
    `--V. m. var. dubia Cheeseman 1906 BK04
  V. menziesii Bentham 1846 BK04 [=Hebe menziesii (Bentham) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61]
  V. obovata Kirk 1877 BK04 [=Hebe obovata (Kirk) Cockayne 1929 A61]
  V. oligantha Colenso 1893 A61
  V. paederotae [=V. (sect. Paederotoides) paederotae] AM-O04
  V. paniculata C55
  V. parnkalliana BR65
  V. parviflora Vahl 1794 BK04, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |--V. p. var. parviflora BK04
    |--V. p. var. angustifolia Hooker 1872 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--V. p. var. arborea (Buchanan) Kirk 1896 (see below for synonymy) A61
    `--V. p. var. phillyreaefolia Hooker 1853 BK04
  V. pinguifolia Hooker 1864 BK04 (see below for synonymy)
  V. platycarpa Pennell 1939 AM-O04
  V. plebeja BR65 [incl. V. elongata C06]
  V. polita PAE98
  V. polyphylla Colenso 1899 A61
  V. prostrata [incl. V. cordata Opiz ex Schult. 1827 (n. n.) non Celakovsky 1877] AM-O04
  V. robusta O88
  V. rugulosella Colenso 1892 A61
  V. salicifolia Forster 1786 BK04 (see below for synonymy)
  V. thymoides AM-O04
  V. tianschanica [=V. (sect. Veronicastrum subsect. Tianschanicae) tianschanica] AM-O04
  V. tumida Kirk 1896 BK04 [=Hebe tumida (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61]
  V. umbelliformis O88
  V. violifolia AM-O04
  V. viscosa AM-O04
  V. wormskjoldii [incl. V. alpina var. alterniflora] H93
  V. subg. Koromika Armstrong 1881 BK04
    `--V. (subg. *K.) pubescens Bentham 1846 BK04 [=Hebe pubescens (Bentham) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61]
  V. subg. Pseudoveronica Armstrong 1881 BK04
    |--V. (subg. *P.) lycopodioides Hooker 1864 BK04 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--V. l. var. lycopodioides A61
    |    `--‘Hebe’ l. var. patula Simpson & Thomson 1943 A61
    `--V. cupressoides Hooker 1864 BK04, A61 (see below for synonymy)
         |--V. c. var. cupressoides BK04
         `--V. c. var. variabilis Brown 1888 BK04

Nomen nudum: Veronica henryi Cockayne in Cockayne & Allan 1927 CA27

Veronica alaskensis Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris borealis Pennell 1933 non V. borealis Least. ex Hook.f. 1861] AM-O04

Veronica arvensis AM-O04 [=*Agerella arvensis, V. (sect. *Alsinebe) arvensis AM-O04, V. (subsect. *Microsperma) arvensis AM-O04; incl. V. longiracemosa Colenso 1888 C06]

Veronica besseya Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris alpina Gray 1862 non V. alpina Linnaeus 1753, *Besseya alpina (Gray) Rydberg 1903, Wulfenia alpina (Gray) Greene 1894] AM-O04

Veronica buchananii Hooker 1864 BK04 [=Hebe buchanani (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61; incl. V. buchananii var. exigua Cheeseman 1906 A61, H. buchanani var. exigua (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1927 CA27, V. buchanani var. major Cheeseman 1906 A61]

Veronica bullii (Eaton) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Gymnandra bullii Eaton in Eaton & Wright 1840, Synthyris bullii (Eaton) Heller 1900, Wulfenia bullii (Eaton) Barnhart 1899; incl. Synthyris houghtoniana Benth. in DC. 1846, Wulfenia houghtoniana (Benth.) Greene 1894] AM-O04

Veronica californica Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris reniformis var. cordata Gray 1876 non V. cordata Celakovsky 1877, S. cordata (Gray) Heller 1900, S. rotundifolia var. cordata (Gray) Gray 1878, Wulfenia cordata (Gray) Greene 1894] AM-O04

Veronica canbyi (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris canbyi Pennell 1933] AM-O04

Veronica (subg. *Chamaedrys) chamaedrys [=V. (subsect. *Euchamaedrys) chamaedrys, V. (subsect. *Multiflorae) chamaedrys] AM-O04

Veronica crista-galli [=*Odicardis cristagalli, *Oligospermum cristagalli; incl. *Diplophyllum veronicaeforme Lohm. 1814] AM-O04

Veronica cupressoides Hooker 1864 BK04, A61 [=Hebe cupressoides (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61, Leonohebe cupressoides BG-J01]

Veronica diosmifolia Cunningham 1836 BK04 [=Hebe diosmifolia (Cunn.) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61, V. diosmaefolia A61; incl. V. jasminoides Hort. ex Bean 1933 A61, V. trisepala Colenso 1883 A61, V. diosmaefolia var. trisepala (Colenso) Kirk 1896 A61, Hebe diosmifolia var. vernalis Carse 1929 A61]

Veronica dissecta (Rydb.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris dissecta Rydb. 1909] AM-O04

Veronica dissecta ssp. lanuginosa (Piper) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris pinnatifida lanuginosa Piper 1906, S. lanuginosa (Piper) Pennell & Thomps. 1933] AM-O04

Veronica (subg. *Cochlidiosperma) hederifolia [=V. (subsect. *Megasperma) hederifolia; incl. V. reniformis Raf. 1808] AM-O04

Veronica idahoensis (Gail & Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris platycarpa Gail & Pennell 1937 non V. platycarpa Pennell 1939] AM-O04

Veronica (subg. *Pseudoveronica) lycopodioides Hooker 1864 BK04 [=Hebe lycopodioides (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61]

Veronica macroura Hooker ex Bentham in DC. 1846 BK04, A61 [=Hebe macroura (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61, H. stricta var. macroura (Bentham) Moore in Allan 1961 A61; incl. Veronica cookiana Colenso 1888 A61, H. cookiana (Colenso) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61, V. macroura var. cookiana C06]

Veronica missurica Raf. 1818 [=*Synthyris missurica (Raf.) Pennell 1933, V. purshii Don 1838, V. reniformis Pursh 1814 non Raf. 1808] AM-O04

Veronica missurica ssp. major (Hook.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 nec V. buchanani var. major Cheeseman 1906 nec V. propinqua var. major Cockayne ex Cheeseman 1925 [=Synthyris reniformis ssp. major Hook. 1853, S. major (Hook.) Heller 1900] AM-O04

Veronica missurica ssp. stellata (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris stellata Pennell 1933] AM-O04

Veronica montana Linnaeus 1755 AM-O04, A61 [=*Coerulinia montana (Linnaeus) Fourr. 1869 AM-O04, V. (subsect. *Montanae) montana AM-O04]

Veronica oblongifolia (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Besseya oblongifolia Pennell 1933] AM-O04

Veronica parviflora Vahl 1794 BK04, CA27 [=Hebe parviflora (Vahl) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61; incl. V. stenophylla C06]

Veronica parviflora var. angustifolia Hooker 1872 [=Veronica angustifolia Richard 1832 non Fisch. & Link 1821, Hebe angustifolia (Richard) Cockayne & Allan 1926, H. parviflora var. angustifolia (Hooker) Moore in Allan 1961; incl. Veronica angustifolia var. abbreviata Petrie 1921, V. parviflora var. obtusa Kirk 1896, V. squalida Kirk 1896] A61

Veronica parviflora var. arborea (Buchanan) Kirk 1896 [=V. arborea Buchanan 1874, Hebe parviflora var. arborea (Buchanan) Kirk 1896; incl. V. floribunda ms] A61

Veronica paysonii (Pennell & Williams) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris paysoni Pennell & Williams in Pennell 1933; incl. Synthyris pinnatifida Watson 1871 non V. pinnatifida Lam. 1791, Wulfenia pinnatifida (Watson) Greene 1894] AM-O04

Veronica pinguifolia Hooker 1864 BK04 [=Hebe pinguifolia (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61; incl. V. godefroyana Carr. 1888 A61, Hebe godefroyana (Carr.) Cockayne 1929 A61]

Veronica plantaginea James 1825 [=Synthyris plantaginea (James) Benth. in DC. 1846, Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. 1903, Wulfenia plantaginea (James) Greene 1894; incl. B. arizonica Pennell 1933, B. goodingii Pennell 1933] AM-O04

Veronica ranunculina (Pennell) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris ranunculina Pennell 1933] AM-O04

Veronica regina-nivalis Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Wulfenia reniformis Douglas ex Benth. 1835 non V. reniformis Raf. 1808, Synthyris (subg. *Plagiocarpus) reniformis (Douglas ex Benth.) Benth. in DC. 1846; incl. Synthyris rotundifolia Gray 1878 non V. rotundifolia Ruiz & Pav. 1798] AM-O04

Veronica ritteriana (Eastw.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris ritteriana Eastw. 1898, Besseya ritteriana (Eastw.) Rydb. 1903; incl. S. flavescens Nelson 1902, S. reflexa Eastw. 1898, Besseya reflexa (Eastw.) Rydb. 1903] AM-O04

Veronica rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Gymnandra rubra Douglas ex Hook. 1838, Besseya rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Rydb. 1903, Lunellia rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Nieuwl. 1914, Synthyris rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Benth. in DC. 1846, Wulfenia rubra (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene 1894] AM-O04

Veronica salicifolia Forster 1786 BK04 [=Hebe salicifolia (Forster) Pennell 1921 A61; incl. V. salicifolia var. communis Cockayne 1916 A61, H. salicifolia var. communis (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 A61, V. fonkii CA27, H. fonkii CA27]

Veronica schizantha (Piper) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris schizantha Piper 1902] AM-O04

Veronica scutellata [=*Limnaspidium scutellata (Linnaeus) Fourr. 1869, V. (subsect. *Scutellatae) scutellata] AM-O04

Veronica serpyllifolia [=V. (subsect. *Serpyllifolia) serpyllifolia; incl. V. borealis Least. ex Hook.f. 1861] AM-O04

Veronica utahensis Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris pinnatifida var. laciniata Gray 1878 non V. laciniata Ait. 1789, S. laciniata (Gray) Rydb. 1900] AM-O04

Veronica wyomingensis (Nelson) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Wulfenia wyomingensis Nelson 1898, Besseya wyomingensis (Nelson) Rydberg 1903, Synthyris wyomingensis (Nelson) Heller 1900; incl. Veronica cinerea Rafinesque 1838 (nom. rej. prop.), Besseya cinerea (Rafinesque) Pennell 1933, Wulfenia gymnocarpa Nelson 1898, B. gymnocarpa (Nelson) Rydberg 1903, Synthyris gymnocarpa (Nelson) Heller 1900] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Beccabunga (Hill) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Becabunga Hill 1756, V. subsect. Beccabunga (Hill) Elenevsky 1977; incl. V. Verwandtschaftsgruppe Acinifolia Römpp 1928, V. subsect. Acinifolia Stroh 1942, V. subsect. Annuae Benth. in DC. 1846, V. subsect. Peregrinae Elenevsky 1977, V. Verwandtschaftsgruppe Serpyllifolia Römpp 1928, V. subsect. Serpyllifolia (Römpp.) Stroh 1942, V. subsect. Telephiifolia Martínez-Ortega & Rico 2001] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Chamaedrys (Koch) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Chamaedrys Koch 1837, V. subsect. Euchamaedrys Riek 1935, V. subsect. Multiflorae Benth. in DC. 1846; incl. Agerella Fourr. 1869 (nom. inv.), V. sect. Alsinebe Griseb. 1844, V. subsect. Alsinebe Elenevsky 1977, V. Verwandtschaftsgruppe Microsperma Römpp 1928, V. subsect. Microsperma (Römpp) Stroh 1942] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Cochlidiosperma (Rchb.) Martínez-Ortega & Albach in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Veronica (Cochlidiosperma Rchb. 1831–1832, Cochlidiosperma (Rchb.) Rchb. 1837, V. sect. Cochlidiosperma (Rchb.) Benth. 1835, Veronicella Heister in Fabricius 1759 (nom. inv.) non Blainville 1817 (ICZN); incl. Veronica subsect. Cymbalariae Benth. in DC. 1846, Diplophyllum Lehm. 1814 (nom. rej.), Veronica Gruppe Megasperma Lehm. 1910, Veronica sect. Megasperma (Lehm.) Boriss. in Shishkin & Bobrov 1955, Veronica subsect. Megasperma (Römpp.) Stroh 1942, Odicardis Raf. 138, Oligospermum Hong 1984] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Paderotella (Wulff) Boriss. in Shishkin & Bobrov 1955 [=V. sect. Paederotella Wulff 1915] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Pellidosperma (Lehm.) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=V. Gruppe Pellidosperma Lehm. 1910, V. subsect. Pellidosperma (Leh.) Stroh 1942] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (Koch) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Veronica sect. Pseudo-Lysimachium Koch 1837, Pseudolysimachion Opiz 1852, Veronica (Hedystachys Dumort. 1827), Hedystachys (Dumort.) Fourr. 1869; incl. V. subsect. Alatavicae Boriss. ex Elenevsky 1977, V. ser. Dahuricae Holub 1967, V. subsect. Dahuricae (Holub) Elenevsky 1977, V. ser. Longifoliae Holub 1967, V. subsect. Longifoliae (Holub) Elenevsky 1977, Pseudolysimachion ser. Pinnatae Holub 1967, V. subsect. Pinnatae (Holub) Elenevsky 1977, V. subsect. Schmidtianae Boriss. ex Elenevsky 1977, Pseudolysimachion sect. Schmidtiana (Boriss.) Yamazaki 1982, P. ser. Spuriae Holub 1967, Veronica subsect. Spuriae (Holub) Elenevsky 1977] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Synthyris (Bentham) Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [=Synthyris Bentham 1846, S. subg. Eusynthyris; incl. Besseya Rydberg 1903, S. subg. Plagiocarpus Pennell 1933] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Triangulicapsula Martínez-Ortega, Albach & Fischer in Albach, Martínez-Ortega et al. 2004 [incl. V. subsect. Digitatae Elenevsky 1977] AM-O04

Veronica subg. Veronica [incl. V. Alpinae Benth. in DC. 1846, V. ser. Alpinae (Benth.) Monts. 1968, V. Verwandtschaftsgruppe Aphyllae Römpp 1928, V. subsect. Aphyllae (Römpp) Stroh 1942, Azurinia Fourr. 1869 (nom. inv.), V. ser. Canae Yamaz. 1957, V. subsect. Canae (Yamaz.) Elenevsky 1977, V. subsect. Carpathicae Elenevsky 1977, Coerulinia Fourr. 1869 (nom. inv.), V. Verwandtschaftsgruppe Glandulosa Römpp 1928, V. ser. Glandulosae (Römpp) Monts. 1968, V. subsect. Glandulosae (Römpp) Stroh 1942, V. Verwandtschaftsgruppe Gouani Römpp 1928, V. ser. Gouani (Römpp) Monts. 1968, Limnaspidium Fourr. 1869 (nom. inv.), V. subsect. Montanae Boriss. ex Elenevsky 1977 non Grimmia sect. Montanae Hagen 1909, V. subsect. Pyroliformes Elenevsky 1977, V. subsect. Pyroliformis, V. subsect. Scutellatae Benth. in DC. 1846, V. subsect. Szechuanicae Elenevsky 1977, V. subsect. Urticifoliae Boriss. ex Elenevsky 1977, V. sect. Veronicastrum Koch 1837 non Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabricius 1759] AM-O04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AM-O04] Albach, D. C., M. M. Martínez-Ortega, M. A. Fischer & M. W. Chase. 2004. A new classification of the tribe Veroniceae—problems and a possible solution. Taxon 53 (2): 429–452.

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BG-J01] Bayly, M. J., P. J. Garnock-Jones, K. A. Mitchell, K. R. Markham & P. J. Brownsey. 2001. Description and flavonoid chemistry of Hebe calcicola (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from north-west Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39: 55–67.

[BK04] Bayly, M. J., & A. V. Kellow. 2004. Lectotypification of names of New Zealand members of Veronica and Hebe (Plantaginaceae). Tuhinga 15: 43–52.

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[CA27] Cockayne, L., & H. H. Allan. 1927. The present taxonomic status of the New Zealand species of Hebe. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 11–47.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[M-OA03] Martínez-Ortega, M. M., & D. C. Albach. 2003. Proposal to conserve the name Veronica cinerea Boiss. & Balansa against Veronica cinerea Raf. (Scrophulariaceae). Taxon 52: 375–376.

[ME70] Moore, L. B., & E. Edgar. 1970. Flora of New Zealand vol. 2. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae. A. R. Shearer, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[PAE98] Pakeman, R. J., J. P. Attwood & J. Engelen. 1998. Sources of plants colonizing experimentally disturbed patches in an acidic grassland, in eastern England. Journal of Ecology 86: 1032–1041.