Gratioleae

Water mudwort Limosella aquatica, copyright Christian Fischer.

Belongs within: Plantaginaceae.

The Gratioleae are a primarily tropical and warm-temperate group of plants with opposite leaves, simply racemose inflorescences and flowers bearing two distinct, usually flattened stigmas.

<==Gratioleae
    |--Herpestidineae OP01
    |    |--Herpestis C55b
    |    |    |--H. micrantha C55a
    |    |    `--H. monnieria C55b
    |    `--Bacopa Aubl. 1775 OP01, SP56
    |         |  i. s.: B. caroliniana OP01
    |         |         B. eisenii H93
    |         |         B. floribunda LK14
    |         |         B. monnieri VB02
    |         |         B. repens H93
    |         |         B. rotundifolia H93
    |         `--B. subg. Chaetodiscus sect. Naiadothrix (Pennell) Pennell 1946 (see below for synonymy)
    |              |--B. reflexa [=Herpestis reflexa] SP56
    |              `--‘*Benjaminia’ utriculariiformis Martius ex Benjamin 1847 SP56
    `--+--Gratiola Linnaeus 1753 OP01, A61
       |    |--G. aurea C55a
       |    |--G. ebracteata H93
       |    |--G. heterosepala H93
       |    |--G. nana Benth. in DC. 1846 [incl. G. concinna Colenso 1887] A61
       |    |--G. neglecta H93
       |    |--G. officinalis C55a
       |    |--G. pedunculata BR65
       |    |--G. peruviana [incl. G. latifolia] C06
       |    |--G. pilosa OP01
       |    `--G. sexdentata Cunn. 1838 [incl. G. glandulifera Colenso 1885] A61
       `--Limoselleae OP01
            |--Amphianthus pusillus OP01
            `--Limosella Linnaeus 1753 A61
                 |--L. acaulis H93
                 |--L. africana RHS09
                 |--L. aquatica C55a
                 |--L. ciliata Colenso 1889 (n. d.) A61
                 |--L. curdieana Muell. 1875 A61
                 |--L. lineata Glück 1934 BR65 [incl. L. aquatica var. tenuifolia Hoffm. 1804 A61]
                 |    |--L. l. var. lineata A61
                 |    `--L. l. var. spathulata Glück 1934 A61
                 |--L. subulata H93
                 `--L. tenuifolia Nutt. 1818 non L. aquatica var. tenuifolia Hoffm. 1804 A61 [incl. L. australis C06]

Bacopa subg. Chaetodiscus sect. Naiadothrix (Pennell) Pennell 1946 [=Naiadothrix Pennell 1920; incl. Benjaminia Martius ex Benjamin 1847 SP56, Quinquelobus Benjamin 1847 (nom. inv.) SP56]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[OP01] Olmstead, R. G., C. W. dePamphilis, A. D. Wolfe, N. D. Young, W. J. Elisons & P. A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of Botany 88 (2): 348–361.

[RHS09] Roux, J. P., S. D. Hopper & R. J. Smith. 2009. Isoetes eludens (Isoetaceae), a new endemic species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape, South Africa. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 123–128.

[SP56] Smith, L. B., & J. M. Pires. 1956. An evaluation of Benjaminia Martius ex Benjamin. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (3): 86.

[VB02] Vijay, S. K., & T. N. Bhardwaja. 2002. Vegetation and phenodynamics of wetlands of central Rajasthan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 573–581.