Nomadinae

Female Nomada ruficornis, copyright Ian Tew.

Belongs within: Apidae.

The Nomadinae are a group of small, wasp-like bees cleptoparasitic on members of other bee groups.

Characters (from Michener 1965): Small, slender bees; clypeus strongly protuberant so that, seen from below, lateral parts are bent back parallel to long axis of body; stigma large, extending well into marginal cell beyond base of vein r; marginal cell longer than distance from its apex to wing tip and pointed on wing margin; pygidial plate present in female.

<==Nomadinae CSD10
    |--+--Caenoprosopidini CSD10
    |  |    |--Caenoprosopis crabronina Holmberg 1887 CSD10
    |  |    `--Caenoprosopina holmbergi Roig-Alsina 1987 CSD10
    |  `--Ammobatini CSD10
    |       |--+--Sphecodopsis capensis (Friese 1915) CSD10
    |       |  `--Pasites maculatus Jurine 1807 CSD10
    |       `--+--Oreopasites barbarae Rozen 1992 CSD10
    |          `--Ammobates CSD10
    |               |--A. oraniensis R35
    |               |--A. punctatus (Fabricius 1804) CSD10
    |               `--A. syriacus PK17
    `--+--+--Brachynomadini CSD10
       |  |    |--Brachynomada margaretae (Rozen 1994) CSD10
       |  |    `--+--Triopasites penniger (Cockerell 1894) CSD10
       |  |       `--Paranomada velutina Linsley 1939 CSD10
       |  `--Epeolini CSD10
       |       |--Odyneropsis CSD10
       |       `--+--Epeolus Latreille 1802 CSD10, L02
       |          |    |--*E. variegatus (Linnaeus 1758) L02, CSD10 [=Nomada variegata L02; incl. N. crucigera L02]
       |          |    |--E. gayi R35
       |          |    |--E. jullianii MS01
       |          |    `--E. scutellaris Say 1824 CSD10
       |          `--+--Triepeolus CSD10
       |             |    |--T. concavus R35
       |             |    |--T. occidentalis R35
       |             |    `--T. robustus (Cresson 1878) CSD10
       |             `--+--Thalestria spinosa (Fabricius 1804) CSD10
       |                `--+--Rhinepeolus rufiventris (Friese 1908) CSD10
       |                   `--Doeringiella CSD10
       `--+--+--Ammobatoidini CSD10
          |  |    |--Ammobatoides luctuosus (Friese 1911) CSD10
          |  |    `--Holcopasites CSD10
          |  |         |--H. insoletus (Linsley 1942) CSD10
          |  |         `--+--+--H. minimus (Linsley 1943) CSD10
          |  |            |  `--H. stevensi Crawford 1915 CSD10
          |  |            `--+--H. calliopsidis (Linsley 1943) CSD10
          |  |               `--+--H. arizonicus (Linsley 1942) CSD10
          |  |                  `--H. ruthae Cooper 1993 CSD10
          |  `--+--Hexepeolus [Hexepeolini] CSD10
          |     |    `--H. rhodogyne Linsley & Michener 1937 CSD10
          |     `--+--Neolarra [Neolarrini] CSD10
          |        |    `--N. orbiculata Shanks 1978 CSD10
          |        `--+--Townsendiella [Townsendiellini] CSD10
          |           `--Biastini CSD10
          |                |--Biastes truncatus (Nylander 1848) CSD10
          |                `--Neopasites cressoni Crawford 1916 CSD10
          `--Nomada Scopoli 1770 CSD10, M65 [Nomadini]
               |--*N. ruficornis (Linnaeus 1758) [=Apis ruficornis] M65
               |--N. albomaculata Lucas 1849 E12
               |--N. armata MS01
               |--N. australensis Perkins 1912 M65
               |--N. biguttata Friese 1909 M65
               |--N. biroi Friese 1909 M65
               |--N. dahli Friese 1912 M65
               |--N. flavomaculata Lucas 1849 E12
               |--N. furcata R35
               |--N. insularis Smith 1863 M65
               |--N. lathburiana MS01
               |--N. lineola [incl. N. lineola var. sibirica Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901] MS01
               |--N. maculata Cresson 1863 CSD10
               |--N. nigrescens Friese 1909 M65
               |--N. panzeri A71
               |--N. papuana Cockerell 1933 M65
               |--N. parvula Lucas 1849 E12
               |--N. psilocera Kohl 1908 M65
               |--N. quadrispinosa Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
               |--N. roberjeotiana MS01
               |--N. rubinii (Rayment 1930) [=Neoceratina rubinii] M65
               |--N. signata Jurine 1807 CSD10
               |--N. variabilis Lucas 1849 E12
               |--N. zichyana Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
               `--N. zonata MS01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[CSD10] Cardinal, S., J. Straka & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16207–16211.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Théophile Barrois père: Paris.

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.