Megachilini

Megachile centuncularis, copyright Sandy Spitalnik.

Belongs within: Osmiini.
Contains: Coelioxys (Coelioxys), Chalicodoma (Austrochile), Chalicodoma (Callomegachile), Chalicodoma (Chelostomoda), Chalicodoma (Hackeriapis), Megachile (Callochile), Megachile (Eutricharaea).

The Megachilini, leafcutter bees and resin bees, are a group of often large bees that construct nests in holes using rolled pieces of leaf, or from collected resin or mud.

Characters (from Michener 1965): Stigma distinct, distal to middle of forewing; marginal cell closed at apex; jugal lobe of hind wing less than half as long as vannal; corbicula absent; outer surfaces of tibiae without large bare spicules, or spicules on anterior pair only; arolia absent.

<==Megachilini [Chalicodomopsini, Coelioxyinae]
    |--Creightonella Cockerell 1908 M65
    |    |--*C. mitimia [=Megachile mitimia] M65
    |    |--C. albifrons M65
    |    |--C. atrata M65
    |    |--C. bellula M65
    |    |--C. consanguinea M65
    |    |--C. fervida M65
    |    |--C. fraterna M65
    |    |--C. frontalis (Fabricius 1804) (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    `--C. takaoensis M65
    |--Coelioxys Latreille 1809 M65
    |    |  i. s.: C. acuminata MS01
    |    |         C. alternata Say 1837 CSD10
    |    |         C. amboinensis Dusmet y Alonso 1915 M65
    |    |         C. coloradensis R35
    |    |         C. conoidea MS01
    |    |         C. grindeliae R35
    |    |         C. octodentata R35
    |    |         C. quadridentata MS01
    |    |         C. rufitarsus R35
    |    |--C. (Coelioxys) M65
    |    `--C. (Liothyrapis Cockerell 1911) M65
    |         |--C. (L.) decipiens Spinola 1836 [incl. C. apicata Smith 1854, *Liothyrapis apicata] M65
    |         |--C. (L.) albiceps Friese 1909 M65
    |         `--C. (L.) weinlandi Schulz 1904 M65
    |--Chalicodoma Lepeletier 1841 (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |  i. s.: C. pyrenaica R35
    |    |         ‘Megachile’ quodi Vachal 1907 M65
    |    |         C. ramdara M65
    |    |         C. rufescens R35
    |    |         C. rufitarsis [incl. C. pyrrhopeza] R35
    |    |         C. sicula R35
    |    |         C. stulta M65
    |    |--*C. (Chalicodoma) muraria (Retzius 1783) M65 [=Apis muraria M65, Megachile muraria L02]
    |    |--C. (Austrochile) M65
    |    |--C. (Callomegachile) M65
    |    |--C. (Chalicodomoides Michener 1962) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*C.) aethiops (Smith 1853) [=Megachile aethiops] M65
    |    |    |--C. (C.) clarki (Cockerell 1914) [=Megachile clarki] M65
    |    |    |--C. (C.) doddiana (Cockerell 1906) [=Megachile doddiana] M65
    |    |    `--C. (C.) oppidalis (Cockerell 1926) [=Megachile oppidalis] M65
    |    |--C. (Chelostomoda) M65
    |    |--C. (Chelostomoides Robertson 1901) (see below for synonymy) M65
    |    |    `--C. (C.) georgica M65
    |    |--C. (Eumegachilana Michener 1965) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*E.) clotho (Smith 1861) [=Megachile clotho] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) gigantea (Friese 1911) [=Megachile gigantea] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) godeffroyi (Friese 1911) [=Megachile godeffroyi] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) ingens (Friese 1903) [=Megachile ingens] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) monticola M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) pluto (Smith 1861) [=Megachile pluto] M65
    |    |    |--C. (E.) sculpturalis M65
    |    |    `--C. (E.) tuberculata M65
    |    |--C. (Hackeriapis) M65
    |    |--C. (Rhodomegachile Michener 1965) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*R.) abdominalis (Smith 1853) [=Megachile abdominalis] M65
    |    |    `--C. (R.) deanii (Rayment 1935) M65 [=Megachile (Hackeriapis) deanii R35]
    |    |--C. (Schizomegachile Michener 1965) M65
    |    |    |--C. (*S.) monstrosa (Smith 1868) [=Megachile monstrosa] M65
    |    |    `--C. (S.) cornifera (Radoszkowski 1874) [=Megachile cornifera] M65
    |    `--C. (Thaumatosoma Smith 1865) M65
    |         `--C. (*T.) duboulaii (Smith 1865) [=*Thaumatosoma duboulaii] M65
    `--Megachile Latreille 1802 E01
         |  i. s.: M. acuta R35
         |         M. acutiventris Friese 1903 M65
         |         M. adelaidae Cockerell 1910 M65
         |         M. albocincta R35
         |         M. amboinensis Friese 1909 [incl. M. rufa Friese 1903 non Friese 1903] M65
         |         M. angelarum Cockerell 1902 CSD10
         |         M. aterrima [=Apis aterrima] L02
         |         M. aurantiaca Friese 1905 M65
         |         M. bicornis (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis bicornis L02]
         |         M. bombycina MS01
         |         M. brevis R35
         |         M. campanulae R35
         |         M. castaneipes Friese 1908 M65
         |         M. circumcincta R35
         |         M. cleomis R35
         |         M. disjuncta R35
         |         M. ericetorum Lepeletier 1841 CSD10
         |         M. fasciculata [incl. M. anthracina, M. hornei] R35
         |         M. florentina [=Apis florentina] L02
         |         M. fortis R35
         |           |--M. f. fortis R35
         |           `--M. f. vestali R35
         |         M. fraterna B03
         |         M. fusca Friese 1903 M65
         |         M. gemmula R35
         |         M. infragilis R35
         |         M. lagopoda MS01 [=Apis lagopoda L02]
         |         M. lanata R35
         |         M. latimanus R35
         |         M. maculata [=Apis maculata] L02
         |         M. manicata (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis manicata L02]
         |         M. maritima MS01
         |         M. maxillosa [=Hylaeus maxillosus] L02
         |         M. melanopyga MS01
         |         M. mertoni Friese 1909 M65
         |         M. monticola B03
         |         M. montivaga R35
         |         M. papaveris (Latreille 1799) L02, L99 [=Apis papaveris L02]
         |         M. perbrevis R35
         |         M. perihirta R35
         |         M. proxima R35
         |         M. quattuordentata (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis quattuordentata L02]
         |         M. relativa R35
         |         M. rotundata DH02
         |         M. rufa (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Apis rufa L02]
         |         M. subatrella Rayment 1939 M65
         |         M. subrixator [incl. Androgynella subrixator] R35
         |         M. swarbrecki Rayment 1946 M65
         |         M. taua Strand 1911 M65
         |         M. timberlakei R35
         |         M. toxopei Alfken 1926 M65
         |         M. versicolor MS01
         |         M. willughbiella PK17
         |         M. wootani R35
         |--M. (Megachile) [incl. Anthemois Robertson 1903, Cyphopyga Robertson 1903] M65
         |    `--*M. (M.) centuncularis (Linnaeus 1758) [=Apis centuncularis] M65
         |--M. (Acentron Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Amegachile Friese 1909) M65
         |--M. (Argyropile Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Austromegachile Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Callochile) M65
         |--M. (Chalicodomopsis) Engel 1999 E01
         |    `--M. (*C.) glaesaria Engel 1999 E01
         |--M. (Chrysosarus Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Cressoniella Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Dactylomegachile Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Dasymegachile Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Delomegachile Viereck 1916) M65
         |--M. (Derotropis Mitchell 1936) M65
         |--M. (Eumegachile Friese 1898) M65
         |--M. (Eutricharaea) M65
         |--M. (Holcomegachile Moure 1953) M65
         |--M. (Leptorachis Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Litomegachile Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Megachiloides Mitchell 1924) M65
         |--M. (Melanosarus Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Mitchellapis Michener 1965) M65
         |    |--M. (*M.) fabricator Smith 1868 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) batchelori Cockerell 1929 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) conaminis Cockerell 1926 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) fuscitarsis Cockerell 1912 M65
         |    |--M. (M.) semiclara Cockerell 1929 M65
         |    `--M. (M.) vestitor Cockerell 1910 M65
         |--M. (Neomegachile Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Phaenosarus Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Pseudocentron Mitchell 1934) M65
         |--M. (Ptilosarus Mitchell 1943) M65
         |--M. (Sayapis Titus 1905) [incl. Ceratias Robertson 1903, Gnathocera Provancher 1882] M65
         |--M. (Tylomegachile Moure 1953) M65
         |--M. (Xanthosarus Robertson 1903) M65
         `--M. (Xeromegachile Mitchell 1934) M65

Chalicodoma Lepeletier 1841 [incl. Archimegachile Alfken 1933, Digronoceras Cockerell 1931, Gronoceras Cockerell 1907, Maximegachile Guiglia & Pasteels 1961, Pseudomegachile Friese 1898, Stelodides Moure 1953] M65

Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides Robertson 1901) [incl. Gnathodon Robertson 1903 nec Jardine 1845 nec Verrill 1899, Oligotropus Robertson 1903, Sarogaster Robertson 1918] M65

Creightonella frontalis (Fabricius 1804) [=Anthophora frontalis; incl. Megachile alecto Smith 1861, M. assimilis Friese 1903, M. fuscipennis Friese 1903, M. lachesis Smith 1861, M. megista Cameron 1901] M65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B03] Bingham, C. T. 1903. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera vol. 2. Ants and Cuckoo-Wasps. Taylor and Francis: London.

[CSD10] Cardinal, S., J. Straka & B. N. Danforth. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16207–16211.

[DH02] Donovan, B. J., A. Havron, D. M. Leathwick & J. S. Ishay. 2002. Release of Sphecophaga orientalis Donovan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) in New Zealand as a possible ‘new association’ biocontrol agent for the adventive social wasps Vespula germanica (F.) and Vespula vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae). New Zealand Entomologist 25: 17–25.

[E01] Engel, M. S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259: 1–192.

[L99] Latreille, P. A. 1799. Observation sur l'abeille tapissière de Réaumur. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 2 (29): 33.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Théophile Barrois père: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.