Granofilosea

Hedriocystis pellucida, copyright Proyecto Agua.

Belongs within: Cercozoa.

The Granofilosea are a group of amoeboid protists bearing granular reticulopodia.

Characters (from Adl et al. 2012): With very fine branching or unbranched granuloreticulopodia bearing obvious extrusomes as granules at frequent rather regular intervals, or with radiating, sometimes branched, axopodia with similar granules; pseudopodia supported by internal microtubules and typically appressed to substratum during feeding, in semi-immobile state; pseudopodia usually not anastomosing; occasionally with biciliated swimming or gliding stage.

Granofilosea [Proteomyxidea]
    |  i. s.: Pseudosporidae [Pseudosporida] C-SC03b
    |           |--Pseudospora Cienkowski 1865 C-S93
    |           |--Protomonas G00
    |           |--Pseudosporopsis G00
    |           `--Barbetia G00
    |         Limnofila borokensis AS12, C-SCL15
    |         Mesofila AS12
    |         Minimassisteria diva AS12, C-SCL15
    |         Nanofila AS12
    |--+--Leucodictyida C-SC03b
    |  |    |--Massisteria Patterson & Fenchel 1990 C-S93 [Massisteriidae C-SC03b]
    |  |    |    `--M. marina M00b
    |  |    `--Leucodictyidae C-SC03b
    |  |         |--Leucodictyon Grell 1991 C-S93
    |  |         `--Reticulamoeba C-SC03b
    |  `--Gymnophryidae [Araudia, Biomyxida, Gymnophrea, Reticulosida] C-SC03b
    |       |--Gymnophrys cometa NB04
    |       |--Borkovia desaedeleeri C-SC03b, M00a
    |       `--Biomyxa Leidy 1875 C-SC03b, LT64 [Biomyxidae]
    |            `--*B. vagans Leidy 1875 LT64
    `--+--Gymnosphaerida C-SC03a
       |    |--Actinocoryne contractilis M00b
       |    |--Gymnosphaera M00b
       |    `--Hedraiophrys AS12
       `--Clathrulinidae [Desmothoracida] AS12
            |--Clathrulina elegans BM05
            |--Hedriocystis BM05
            |    |--H. pellucida M00b
            |    |--H. reticulata BM05
            |    `--H. spinifera NB04
            |--Cienkowskia AS12
            `--Servetia AS12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[BM05] Bass, D., D. Moreira, P. López-García, S. Polet, E. E. Chao, S. von der Heyden, J. Pawlowski & T. Cavalier-Smith. 2005. Polyubiquitin insertions and the phylogeny of Cercozoa and Rhizaria. Protist 156: 149–161.

[C-S93] Cavalier-Smith, T. 1993. The protozoan phylum Opalozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 40 (5): 609–615.

[C-SC03a] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2003a. Molecular phylogeny of centrohelid heliozoa, a novel lineage of bikont eukaryotes that arose by ciliary loss. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 387–396.

[C-SC03b] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2003b. Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa. Protist 154: 341–358.

[C-SCL15] Cavalier-Smith, T., E. E. Chao & R. Lewis. 2015. Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: new cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 331–362.

[G00] Gromov, B. V. 2000. Algal parasites of the genera Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium from Cienkovski’s “Monadinea” group as representatives of a new class. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 79 (5): 517–525 (transl. Entomological Review 80 (Suppl. 1): S26–S34).

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M00a] Mikrjukov, K. A. 2000a. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Heliozoa: Should this taxon exist in modern classification of Protista? Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 79 (8): 883–897 (transl. Entomological Review 80 (Suppl. 1): S35–S50).

[M00b] Mikrjukov, K. A. 2000b. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Heliozoa. II. The order Dimorphida Siemensma, 1991 (Cercomonadea classis n.): diversity and relatedness with cercomonads. Acta Protozoologica 39: 99–115.

[NB04] Nikolaev, S. I., C. Berney, J. F. Fahrni, I. Bolivar, S. Polet, A. P. Mylnikov, V. V. Aleshin, N. B. Petrov & J. Pawlowski. 2004. The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 101 (21): 8066–8071.