Ataxophragmiidae

Various views of Karreriella bradyi, from Brady (1884).

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Gaudryina.

The Ataxophragmiidae are a group of agglutinated Foraminifera known from the Late Carboniferous to the present. Most species are triserial or trochospiral with three or more chambers to a whorl in early stages, reducing to two chambers or uniserial in later stages (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free, trochospiral, uncoiling or uniserial; wall agglutinated; aperture a basal slit in the early stage, later may become terminal, cribrate or toothed.

<==Ataxophragmiidae (see below for synonymy)
    |--Varsoviella Gawor-Biedowa 1987 [Varsoviellinae] G-B87
    |    `--*V. pazdroae Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
    |--Verneuilininae [Spiroplectinatinae, Spiroplectininae] LT64
    |    |  i. s.: Barbourinella Bermúdez 1940 [=Barbourina Bermúdez 1939 non Amaral 1924] LT64
    |    |           `--*B. atlantica (Bermúdez 1939) [=*Barbourina atlantica] LT64
    |    |         Rudigaudryina Cushman & McCulloch 1939 LT64
    |    |           `--*R. inepta Cushman & McCulloch 1939 LT64
    |    |         Bermudezina Cushman 1937 LT64
    |    |           `--*B. cubensis (Palmer & Bermúdez 1936) [=Heterostomella cubensis] LT64
    |    |         Belorussiella Akimets 1958 LT64
    |    |           `--*B. bolivinaeformis Akimets 1958 LT64
    |    |         Flourensina Marie 1938 LT64
    |    |           `--*F. douvillei Marie 1938 LT64
    |    |         Migros Finlay 1939 [incl. Paleogaudryina Said & Barakat 1958] LT64
    |    |           |--*M. medwayensis (Parr 1935) [=Gaudryina medwayensis] LT64
    |    |           `--M. magharaensis (Said & Barakat 1958) [=*Paleogaudryina magharaensis] LT64
    |    |         Pseudoreophax Geroch 1961 LT64
    |    |           `--*P. cisovnicensis Geroch 1961 LT64
    |    |         Pseudospiroplectinata Gorbenko 1957 LT64
    |    |           `--*P. plana Gorbenko 1957 LT64
    |    |         Reophacella Kaptarenko-Chernousova 1956 LT64
    |    |           `--*R. compressa Kaptarenko-Chernousova 1956 LT64
    |    |         Uvigerinammina Majzon 1943 LT64
    |    |           |--U. jankoi Majzon 1943 LT64
    |    |           `--U. manitobensis LT64
    |    |         Verneuilinoides Loeblich & Tappan 1949 LT64
    |    |           `--*V. schizea (Cushman & Alexander 1930) [=Verneuilina schizea] LT64
    |    |--Verneuilina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 C40, LT64 [=Verneolina (l. c.) LT64, Verneulina (l. c.) LT64]
    |    |    |--*V. tricarinata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 LT64
    |    |    |--V. advena LT64
    |    |    |--V. agalarovae BL79
    |    |    |--V. polystropha C40
    |    |    `--V. pyramidata BL79
    |    |--Tritaxia Reuss 1860 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--*T. tricarinata (Reuss 1844) [=Textularia tricarinata; incl. Verneuilina dubia Reuss 1851] LT64
    |    |    |--T. capitosa (Cushman 1933) [=Gaudryinella capitosa, *Pseudogaudryinella capitosa] LT64
    |    |    |--T. compressa [=Clavulina compressa] LT64
    |    |    |--T. cubana [=Gaudryinella cubana] LT64
    |    |    |--T. pleurostoma (Rzehak 1895) [=*Tritaxiopsis pleurostoma] LT64
    |    |    |--T. pyramidata C40
    |    |    |--T. trigona (Silvestri 1948) [=*Siphonclavulina trigona] LT64
    |    |    `--T. trilatera (Cushman 1926) [=Clavulina trilatera, *Clavulinoides trilatera] LT64
    |    `--+--Gaudryinella Plummer 1931 C40
    |       |    `--*G. delrioensis Plummer 1931 LT64
    |       |--+--Heterostomella Reuss 1866 C40, LT64
    |       |  |    |--*H. rugosa (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Sagrina rugosa] LT64
    |       |  |    `--H. foveolata C40
    |       |  `--Spiroplectinata Cushman 1927 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |       |       |--*S. annectens (Parker & Jones 1863) [=Textularia annectens, *Spiroplectina annectens] LT64
    |       |       |--S. inornata (Suleymanov 1958) [=*Paragaudryina inornata] LT64
    |       |       |--S. mollis [=Pseudogaudryinella mollis] LT64
    |       |       `--S. pseudoserrata [=Gaudryinella pseudoserrata] LT64
    |       `--Gaudryina C40
    |--Globotextulariinae [Eggerellinae] LT64
    |    |--Globotextularia Eimer & Fickert 1899 [Globotexulariinae] LT64
    |    |    `--*G. anceps (Brady 1884) [=Haplophragmium anceps] LT64
    |    |--Arenobulimina Cushman 1927 [incl. Ataxophragmoides Brotzen 1948, Hagenowella Cushman 1933] LT64
    |    |    |  i. s.: A. frankei (Brotzen 1948) [=*Ataxophragmoides frankei] LT64
    |    |    |         ‘Globigerina’ elevata d’Orbigny 1840 [=Hagenowella elevata] LT61b
    |    |    |         ‘Valvulina’ gibbosa d’Orbigny 1840 [=*Hagenowella gibbosa] LT64
    |    |    |--*A. (Arenobulimina) presli (Reuss 1846) [=Bulimina presli] LT64
    |    |    `--A. (Pasternakia) cuneata G-B87
    |    |--Cribrogoesella Cushman 1935 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. robusta (Brady 1881) [=Bigenerina robusta] LT64
    |    |--Digitina Crespin & Park 1940 LT64
    |    |    `--*D. recurvata Crespin & Park 1940 LT64
    |    |--Eggerellina Marie 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*E. brevis (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Bulimina brevis] LT64
    |    |         |--E. b. brevis LT64
    |    |         `--E. b. conica LT64
    |    |--Eggerina Toulmin 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*E. cylindrica Toulmin 1941 LT64
    |    |--Gravellina Brönnimann 1953 [incl. Verneuilinella Tairov 1956] LT64
    |    |    |--*G. narivaensis Brönnimann 1953 LT64
    |    |    `--G. azerbaidjanica (Tairov 1956) [=*Verneuilinella azerbaidjanica] LT64
    |    |--Karrerulina Finlay 1940 LT64
    |    |    |--K. conversa (Grzybowski 1901) H03 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    `--K. coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) (see below for synonymy) H03
    |    |--Mooreinella Cushman & Waters 1928 LT64
    |    |    `--*M. biserialis Cushman & Waters 1928 LT64
    |    |--Multifidella Loeblich & Tappan 1961 LT64
    |    |    `--*M. nodulosa (Cushman 1922) (see below for synonymy) LT61a
    |    |--Orientalia Bykova 1947 LT64
    |    |    `--*O. exilis Bykova 1947 LT64
    |    |--Plectotrochammina Parr 1950 [incl. Poronaia Ujtié & Watanabe 1960] LT64
    |    |    |--*P. subglobosa Parr 1950 LT64
    |    |    `--P. poronaiensis (Asano 1952) [=Plectina poronaiensis, *Poronaia poronaiensis] LT64
    |    |--Karreriella Cushman 1933 [incl. Valvotextularia Hofker 1951] LT64
    |    |    |--*K. siphonella (Reuss 1851) [=Gaudryina siphonella] LT64
    |    |    |--K. baccata H03
    |    |    |    |--K. b. baccata H03
    |    |    |    `--K. b. japonica Asano 1938 H03
    |    |    |--K. bradyi JW99
    |    |    |--K. catenata (Cushman 1911) [=Textularia catenata, *Valvotextularia catenata] LT64
    |    |    |--K. chilostoma B49
    |    |    |--K. cylindrica H90
    |    |    `--K. novaezelandica B49
    |    |--Eggerella Cushman 1933 LT64
    |    |    |--*E. bradyi (Cushman 1911) [=Verneuilina bradyi] LT64
    |    |    |--E. columna Finlay 1940 LT64
    |    |    |--E. inflata (Franke 1928) [=Valvulina inflata] LT64
    |    |    `--E. trochoides (Reuss 1845) [=Globigerina trochoides, Allomorphina trochoides] LT64
    |    `--Dorothia Plummer 1931 [incl. Marssonella Cushman 1933] LT64
    |         |--*D. bulletta (Carsey 1936) [=Gaudryina bulletta] LT64
    |         |--D. filiformis BL79
    |         |--‘Marssonella’ indentata B49
    |         |--D. ouachensis BL79
    |         |--D. oxycona (Reuss 1860) [=Gaudryina oxycona, *Marssonella oxycona] LT64
    |         |--D. paupercula (Cushman 1911) [=Gaudryina paupercula] H03
    |         `--D. trochus BL79
    |--Ataxophragmiinae [Ataxophragmidea] LT64
    |    |--Voloshovinella Loeblich & Tappan 1964 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    |    `--*V. aequisgranensis (Beissel 1891) [=Lituola aequisgranensis, *Beisselina aequisgranensis] LT64
    |    |--Camagueyia Cole & Bermúdez 1944 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. perplexa Cole & Bermúdez 1944 LT64
    |    |--Coprolithina Marie 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. subcylindrica Marie 1941 LT64
    |    |--Cubanina Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. alavensis Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |--Hagenowina Loelich & Tappan 1961 LT64
    |    |    `--*H. quadribullata (von Hagenow 1842) [=Valvulina quadribullata] LT64
    |    |--Liebusella Cushman 1933 LT64
    |    |    `--*L. soldanii (Jones & Parker 1860) [=Lituola soldanii] LT64
    |    |--Matanzia Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |    `--*M. bermudezi Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |--Orbignyna von Hagenow 1842 [=Orbignyina Bronn 1853] LT64
    |    |    `--*O. ovata von Hagenow 1842 [=*Orbignyina ovata] LT64
    |    |--Pseudolituonella Marie 1955 LT64
    |    |    `--*P. reicheli Marie 1955 LT64
    |    |--Remesella Vašíček 1947 LT64
    |    |    `--*R. mariae Vašíček 1947 LT64
    |    |--Dictyopsella Munier-Chalmas in Schlumberger 1900 LT64
    |    |    |--*D. kiliani Munier-Chalmas in Schlumberger 1900 LT64
    |    |    `--D. chalmasi C40
    |    |--Tritaxilina Cushman 1911 [=Clavulinella Schubert 1921] LT64
    |    |    |--*T. caperata (Brady 1881) [=Clavulina caperata, *Clavulinella caperata] LT64
    |    |    `--T. zealandica H90
    |    |--Ataxophragmium Reuss 1860 [=Ataxogyroidina Marie 1941; incl. Pernerina Cushman 1933] LT64
    |    |    |--*A. variabile (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Bulimina variabilis, *Ataxogyroidina variabilis] LT64
    |    |    `--A. depressum (Perner 1892) [=Bulimina depressa, *Pernerina depressa] LT64
    |    |--Pseudochrysalidina Cole 1941 [incl. Dukhania Henson 1948, Pseudogoesella Keijzer 1945] LT64
    |    |    |--*P. floridana Cole 1941 LT64
    |    |    |--P. conica (Henson 1948) [=*Dukhania conica] LT64
    |    |    `--P. cubana (Keijzer 1945) [=*Pseudogoesella cubana] LT64
    |    `--Cuneolina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [incl. Cuneolinella Cushman & Bermúdez 1941] LT64
    |         |--*C. pavonia d’Orbigny 1846 LT64
    |         |--C. angusta C40
    |         |--C. conica C40
    |         `--C. lewisi (Cushman & Bermúdez 1941) [=*Cuneolinella lewisi] LT64
    `--Valvulininae LT64
         |--Cribrobulimina Cushman 1927 LT64
         |    `--*C. mixta Cushman 1927 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--Chrysalidina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |    `--*C. gradata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 LT64
         |--Cylindroclavulina Bermúdez & Key 1952 LT64
         |    `--*C. bradyi (Cushman 1911) [=Clavulina bradyi] LT64
         |--Dusenburyina Bermúdez & Key 1952 LT64
         |    `--*D. procera (Goës 1889) [=Clavulina procera] LT64
         |--Goesella Cushman 1933 LT64
         |    `--*G. rotundata (Cushman 1913) [=Clavulina rotundata] LT64
         |--Makarskiana Van Soest 1942 LT64
         |    `--*M. trochoidea Van Soest 1942 LT64
         |--Valvulammina Cushman 1933 LT64
         |    `--*V. globularis (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Valvulina globularis, V. globulosa (l. c.)] LT64
         |--Cribroturretoides Smith 1949 [incl. Neoclavulina Puri 1957] LT64
         |    |--*C. miocenica Smith 1949 LT64
         |    `--C. intermedia (Applin & Jordan 1945) [=Valvulina intermedia, *Neoclavulina intermedia] LT64
         |--Discorinopsis Cole 1941 [incl. Arenagula Bourdon & Lys 1955, Arenaglobula (l. c.)] LT64
         |    |--*D. gunteri Cole 1941 [incl. Valvulina floridana Cole 1941] LT64
         |    `--D. globula (Bourdon & Lys 1955) [=*Arenagula globula] LT64
         |--Valvulina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Duotaxis Kristan 1957] LT64
         |    |--*V. triangularis d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
         |    |--V. metula (Kristan 1957) [=*Duotaxis metula] LT64
         |    `--V. oviedoiana C40
         |--Martinottiella Cushman 1933 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |    |--*M. communis (d’Orbigny 1826) LT64 [=Clavulina communis H03, Listerella communis C40]
         |    |--M. primaeva (Cushman 1913) [=Clavulina primaeva, *Listerella primaeva, *Schenckiella primaeva] LT64
         |    `--‘Listerella’ weymouthi B49
         |--Minouxia Marie 1955 [incl. Bermudezita Seiglie 1961] LT64
         |    |--*M. gumbelitrioides Marie 1955 LT64
         |    |--‘*Bermudezita’ borroi Seiglie 1961 LT64
         |    `--M. dordonica LT64
         |--Plectina Marsson 1878 [incl. Arenodosaria Finlay 1939] LT64
         |    |--*P. ruthenica (Reuss 1851) [=Gaudryina ruthenica] LT64
         |    |--‘Arenodosaria’ antipoda B49
         |    |--P. nipponica Asano 1951 H03
         |    `--P. robusta (Stache 1865) [=Clavulina robusta, *Arenodosaria robusta] LT64
         `--Clavulina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Pseudoclavulina Cushman 1936] LT64
              |--*C. parisiensis d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
              |--C. angularis LT64
              |--C. clavata Cushman 1926 [=*Pseudoclavulina clavata] LT64
              |--C. gaultina BL79
              |--C. humilis C40
              `--C. insignis C40

Ataxophragmiidae [Ataxophragmiacea, Dorothiidae, Eggerellidae, Opisthotrischistidae, Trischistidae, Valvulinidae, Verneuilinidae]

Chrysalidina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [incl. Pupina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 non Vignard 1839] LT64

*Clavulina mixta Cushman 1927 [=Valvulina mixta Parker & Jones 1865 (n. n.); incl. V. polystoma Parker & Jones 1865 (n. n.)] LT64

Karrerulina coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) [=Gaudryina coniformis; incl. Eggerella matsunoi Takayanagi in Scott 2000] H03

Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski 1901) H03 [=Gaudryina conversa H03; incl. G. apicularis Cushman 1911 H03, Karreriella apicularis LT64, *Karrerulina apicularis LT64]

Martinottiella Cushman 1933 [incl. Listerella Cushman 1933 non Jahn 1906, Schenckiella Thalmann 1942] LT64

*Multifidella nodulosa (Cushman 1922) [=Clavulina communis var. nodulosa, Listerella nodulosa, Martinottiella nodulosa, Schenckiella nodulosa] LT61a

Spiroplectinata Cushman 1927 [=Spiroplectina Cushman 1927 non Schubert 1902 LT64; incl. Paragaudryina Suleymanov 1958 LT64]

Tritaxia Reuss 1860 C40 [incl. Clavulinoides Cushman 1936 LT64, Pseudogaudryinella Cushman 1936 LT64, Siphonclavulina Silvestri 1948 LT64, Tritaxiopsis Rzehak 1895 LT64]

Voloshovinella Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Beisselina Voloshinova & Balakhmatova in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 non Canu 1913] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1-2): 49–72.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT61a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961a. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.

[LT61b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961b. The status of Hagenowella Cushman, 1933 and a new genus Hagenowina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 241–244.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.