Pantopoda

Anoplodactylus evansi, copyright Claudia P. Arango.

Belongs within: Pycnogonida.
Contains: Callipallenidae.

The Pantopoda is the clade containing crown-group sea-spiders. Members of this group have the trunk reduced to a single segment; other possible synapomorphies include the absence of excretory organs, the presence of gonopore openings on the second limb podomere, cement glands in the larval chelicerae, and egg-carrying by the males (Waloszek & Dunlop 2002).

<==Pantopoda [Podosomata] WD02
    |--Colossendeidae MG-H11
    |    |--Hedgpethia calva Arango 2009 MG-H11
    |    |--Rhopalorhynchus MG-H11
    |    |    |--R. sibogae Stock 1959 MG-H11
    |    |    `--R. tenuissimum SS04
    |    |--Colossendeis RS10
    |    |    |--C. colossea Wilson 1881 MG-H11
    |    |    |--C. megalonix GV09
    |    |    |--C. melancholicus Stock 1975 S86
    |    |    `--C. stramenti GV09
    |    `--Colossopantopus Charbonnier, Vannier & Riou 2007 CVR07
    |         `--*C. boissinensis Charbonnier, Vannier & Riou 2007 CVR07
    `--Ammotheidae S86
         |  i. s.: Nymphonella Ohshima 1927 S86
         |           |--N. lambertensis Stock 1959 S86
         |           |--N. lecalvezi Guille & Soyer 1968 S86
         |           `--N. tapetis Ohshima 1927 S86
         |         Paranymphon bifilarium Arango 2009 MG-H11
         |         Palaeopycnogonides Charbonnier, Vannier & Riou 2007 CVR07
         |           `--*P. gracilis Charbonnier, Vannier & Riou 2007 CVR07
         |--Ascorhynchus Sars 1877 SS04, S86
         |    |  i. s.: A. arenicolum (Dohrn 1881) S86
         |    |         A. similis Fage 1941 S86
         |    |--A. tenuirostris SS04
         |    `--+--A. glaberrimus SS04
         |       `--A. ramipes SS04
         `--+--Eurycyde raphiaster SS04
            `--+--+--+--Cilunculus SS04
               |  |  |    |--C. armatus SS04
               |  |  |    `--C. sekiguchi SS04
               |  |  `--+--Palaeothea devonica Bergström, Stürmer & Winter 1980 SS04, WD02
               |  |     `--Ammothea hilgendorfi RS10
               |  `--+--+--Nymphopsis acinacispinata SS04
               |     |  `--Ammothella SS04
               |     |       |--A. biunguiculata SS04
               |     |       |--A. fistella SS04
               |     |       `--A. longipes M62
               |     `--+--Achelia RS10
               |        |    |--A. assimilis SS04
               |        |    |--A. australiensis SS04
               |        |    `--A. echinata Hodge 1864 GE02
               |        |--Tanystylum RS10
               |        |    |--T. haswelli SS04
               |        |    |--T. orbiculare RS10
               |        |    |--T. rehderi SS04
               |        |    `--T. zuytdorpi Arango 2009 MG-H11
               |        `--Rhynchothorax Costa 1861 SS04, S86
               |             |--R. alcicornis Krapp 1973 S86
               |             |--R. anophthalmus Arnaud 1972 S86
               |             |--R. architectus Child 1979 S86
               |             |--R. australis SS04
               |             `--R. philopsammum Hedgpeth 1951 S86
               `--+--Pallenopsis [Pallenopsidae] SS04
                     |    |--P. cidaribatus Child 1975 MG-H11
                     |    |--P. schmitti SS04
                     |    `--P. temperans Stock 1953 MG-H11
                     `--+--Callipallenidae SS04
                        `--Anoplodactylus Wilson 1878 SS04, S86
                             |  i. s.: A. anarthrus Loman 1908 S86
                             |         A. arescus S86
                             |         A. erectus GV09
                             |         A. eroticus GV09
                             |         A. pygmaeus M62
                             |         A. tarsalis Stock 1968 S86
                             |--+--A. longiceps SS04
                             |  `--Endeidae CVR07
                             |       |--Endeis RS10
                             |       |    |--E. laevis (Grube 1871) GE02
                             |       |    `--E. mollis SS04
                             |       `--Palaeoendeis Charbonnier, Vannier & Riou 2007 CVR07
                             |            `--*P. elmii Charbonnier, Vannier & Riou 2007 CVR07
                             `--+--+--A. insignis SS04
                                |  `--A. tenuicorpus SS04
                                `--+--A. glandulifer SS04
                                   `--+--A. evansi SS04
                                      `--+--A. batangensis SS04
                                         `--A. concavicollis SS04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CVR07] Charbonnier, S., J. Vannier & B. Riou. 2007. New sea spiders from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 274: 2685–2691.

[GE02] Giribet, G., G. D. Edgecombe, W. C. Wheeler & C. Babbitt. 2002. Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones: a combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data. Cladistics 18: 5–70.

[GV09] Giribet, G., L. Vogt, A. Pérez González, P. Sharma & A. B. Kury. 2009. A multilocus approach to harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) phylogeny with emphasis on biogeography and the systematics of Laniatores. Cladistics 25: 1–30.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[RS10] Regier, J. C., J. W. Shultz, A. Zwick, A. Hussey, B. Ball, R. Wetzer, J. W. Martin & C. W. Cunningham. 2010. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature 463: 1079–1083.

[SS04] Siveter, D. J., M. D. Sutton, D. E. G. Briggs & D. J. Siveter. 2004. A Silurian sea spider. Nature 431: 978–980.

[S86] Stock, J. H. 1986. Pycnogonida (=Pantopoda). In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 698–700. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[WD02] Waloszek, D., & J. A. Dunlop. 2002. A larval sea spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian ‘Orsten’ of Sweden, and the phylogenetic position of pycnogonids. Palaeontology 45 (3): 421–446.