Haplophragmoides

Haplophragmoides wilberti, copyright Bruce Hayward.

Belongs within: Lituolidae.

Haplophragmoides is a genus of planispiral Foraminifera known from the Carboniferous to the present day (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test planispirally coiled, involute; wall agglutinated, aperture an equatorial interiomarginal slit.

<==Haplophragmoides Cushman 1910 G86 [incl. Asanospira Takayanagi 1960 LT64, Robulammina Montanaro Gallitelli 1947 LT64]
    |--*H. canariensis (d’Orbigny 1839) [=Nonionina canariensis] LT64
    |--H. brodskyi Mikhalevich 1976 G86
    |--H. columbiensis LT64
    |--H. compressa LeRoy 1939 H03
    |--H. concavus BL79
    |--H. gigas LT64
    |--H. glabra C40
    |--H. howardensis I02
    |--H. kyushuense (Asano 1950) [=Cribrostomoides kyushuense] H03
    |--H. robulus [=*Robulammina robulus] LT64
    |--H. rugosa C40
    |--H. scitulum C40
    |--H. teshioensis (Asano 1950) [=Lenticulina teshioensis, *Asanospira teshioensis] LT64
    |--H. topagorukensis LT64
    `--H. wilberti PH03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G86] Golemansky, V. G. 1986. Rhizopoda: Foraminiferida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 17–20. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[I02] Ibrahim, M. I. A. 2002. Late Albian-Middle Cenomanian palynofacies and palynostratigraphy, Abu Gharadig-5 well, Western Desert, Egypt. Cretaceous Research 23: 775–788.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PH03] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann, J. Fahrni & S. L. Richardson. 2003. Small subunit ribosomal DNA suggests that the xenophyophorean Syringammina corbicula is a foraminiferan. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50: 483–487.

Cyclammininae

Cyclammina pusilla, copyright Hannes Grobe.

Belongs within: Lituolidae.

The Cyclammininae are a group of often planispiral Foraminifera known from the Jurassic to the present day (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Planispiral to uncoiling; wall with reticulate near-surface meshwork beneath imperforate epidermal coating and commonly with labyrinthic interior; aperture single or multiple.

<==Cyclammininae [Choffatellinae] LT64
    |--Feurtillia Maync 1958 LT64
    |    `--*F. frequens Maync 1958 LT64
    |--Hemicyclammina Maync 1953 LT64
    |    `--*H. sigali Maync 1953 LT64
    |--Martiguesia Maync 1959 LT64
    |    `--*M. cyclamminiformis Maync 1959 LT64
    |--Mesoendothyra Dain 1958 LT64
    |    `--*M. izumiana Dain 1958 LT64
    |--Pseudochoffatella Deloffre 1961 LT64
    |    `--*P. cuvillieri Deloffre 1961 LT64
    |--Reticulophragmium Maync 1955 LT64
    |    `--*R. venezuelanum (Maync 1952) [=Alveolophragmium venezuelanum] LT64
    |--Torinosuella Maync 1959 LT64
    |    `--*T. peneropliformis (Yabe & Hanzawa 1926) [=Choffatella peneropliformis] LT64
    |--Pseudocyclammina Yabe & Hanzawa 1926 [=Pseudochoffatella Leupold & Maync 1935 (n. n.) non Deloffre 1961] LT64
    |    `--*P. lituus (Yokoyama 1890) [=Cyclammina lituus] LT64
    |--Choffatella Schlumberger 1905 LT64
    |    `--*C. decipiens Schlumberger 1905 LT64
    |--Alveolophragmium Shchedrina 1936 LT64
    |    |--*A. orbiculatum Shchedrina 1936 LT64
    |    `--A. indentatus (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Budasheva 1961) (see below for synonymy) H03
    `--Cyclammina Brady 1879 LT64
         |--*C. cancellata Brady 1879 LT64
         |--C. elegans C40
         |--C. incisa H90
         |--C. japonica Asano 1950 H03
         |--C. pauciloculata C40
         |--C. pseudopusilla Hanagata 2003 H03
         |--C. pusilla H03
         `--C. rotundata H90

Alveolophragmium indentatus (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Budasheva 1961) [=Haplophragmoides indentatus; incl. H. hatai Takayanagi in Scott et al. 2000] H03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Textulariidae

Textularia sp., from the US Geological Survey.

Belongs within: Foraminifera.

The Textulariinae are a group of agglutinated Foraminifera known from the Carboniferous to the present day. The test is initially planispiral in members of the subfamily Spiroplectammininae, becoming biserial in later stages; in members of other subfamilies it is biserial from the start though it may become uniserial in later stages of Textulariinae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free or attached, may have early planispiral coil, generally biserial and may become uniserial; wall agglutinated; aperture simple, basal or terminal, single to multiple.

<==Textulariidae (see below for synonymy)
    |--Pseudobolivininae LT64
    |    |--Planctostoma Loeblich & Tappan 1955 LT64
    |    |    `--*P. luculenta (Brady 1884) [=Textularia luculenta] LT64
    |    |--Haeuslerella Parr 1935 LT64
    |    |    |--*H. pukeuriensis Parr 1935 LT64
    |    |    `--H. textilarioides B49
    |    |--Siphotextularia Finlay 1939 LT64
    |    |    |--*S. wairoana Finlay 1939 LT64
    |    |    |--S. flintii JW99
    |    |    `--S. rotshauseni JW99
    |    `--Pseudobolivina Wiesner 1931 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |         |--*P. antarctica Wiesner 1931 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |         |--P. aegyptica (Said & Barakat 1958) [=*Arenovirgulina aegyptica] LT64
    |         |--P. tepiovkensis BL79
    |         |--P. variana (Eicher 1960) [=*Bimonilina variana] LT64
    |         `--‘*Plectinella’ virgulinoides Marie 1956 LT64
    |--Plectorecurvoides Noth 1952 [incl. Globivalvulinella Bukalova 1957; Plectorecurvoidinae] LT64
    |    |--*P. alternans Noth 1952 LT64
    |    `--P. grossheimi (Bukalova 1957) [=*Globivalvulinella grossheimi] LT64
    |--Tawitawiinae LT64
    |    |--Tawitawia Loeblich 1952 LT64
    |    |    `--*T. immensa (Cushman 1913) [=Textularia immensa] LT64
    |    |--Phyllopsamia Małecki 1954 LT64
    |    |    `--*P. adanula Małecki 1954 LT64
    |    |--Septigerina Keijzer 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*S. dalmatica Keijzer 1941 LT64
    |    `--Zotheculifida Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64
    |         `--*Z. lirata (Cushman & Jarvis 1929) [=Textularia lirata] LT64
    |--Textulariinae [Textilaria, Textilaridae, Textilariinae] LT64
    |    |--Cribrobigenerina Andersen 1961 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. parkerae Andersen 1961 LT64
    |    |--Poritextularia Loeblich & Tappan 1952 LT64
    |    |    `--*P. mexicana Loeblich & Tappan 1952 LT64
    |    |--Semivulvulina Finlay 1939 LT64
    |    |    `--*S. capitata (Stache 1865) [=Textilaria capitata, Vulvulina (*Semivulvulina) capitata] LT64
    |    |--Textularioides Cushman 1911 LT64
    |    |    `--*T. inflata Cushman 1911 LT64
    |    |--Olssonina Bermúdez 1949 [incl. Cribrotextularia Loeblich & Tappan 1952] LT64
    |    |    |--*O. cribrosa Bermúdez 1949 LT64
    |    |    `--O. coryensis (Cole 1941) [=Textularia coryensis, *Cribrotextularia coryensis] LT64
    |    |--Bigenerina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Gemmulina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839] LT64
    |    |    |--*B. nodosaria d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
    |    |    |--B. ciscoensis C40
    |    |    |--B. digitata d’Orbigny 1826 [=B. (*Gemmulina) digitata] LT64
    |    |    |--B. irregularis LT64
    |    |    `--B. wintoni C40
    |    `--Textularia Defrance 1824 S-VC91 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--*T. sagittula Defrance in de Blainville 1824 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |         |--T. agglutinans LT64
    |         |--‘*Pleurostomelloides’ andreasi Majzon 1943 LT64
    |         |--T. candeiana LT64
    |         |--T. gracillima LT64
    |         |--T. grahamensis C40
    |         |--T. gramen C40
    |         |--T. labiata Reuss 1862 [=*Plecanium labiatum] LT64
    |         |--T. porrecta LJ98
    |         |--T. pseudogramen S05
    |         |--T. ripleyensis C40
    |         |--T. schencki Cushman & Valentine 1930 S-VC91
    |         |--T. siphonifera LJ98
    |         |--T. truncata M62
    |         `--T. zeaggluta B49
    `--Spiroplectammininae LT64
         |--Ammospirata Cushman 1933 LT64
         |    `--*A. mexicana (Cushman 1926) [=Pavonina mexicana] LT64
         |--Morulaeplecta Höglund 1947 LT64
         |    `--*M. bulbosa Höglund 1947 LT64
         |--Spiroplectammina Cushman 1927 LT64
         |    |--*S. biformis (Parker & Jones 1865) [=Textularia agglutinans var. biformis] LT64
         |    |--S. castensis C40
         |    |--S. niigataensis Asano & Inomata in Asano 1952 H03
         |    `--S. scotti C40
         |--Bolivinopsis Yakovlev 1891 [incl. Spiroplectoides Cushman 1927] LT64
         |    |--*B. capitata Yakovlev 1891
         |    |--B. clotho [incl. Spiroplectammina grzybowskii] LT64
         |    |--B. cubensis B49
         |    |--B. papillata C40
         |    `--B. rosula (Ehrenberg 1854) [=Spiroplecta rosula, *Spiroplectoides rosula] LT64
         `--Vulvulina d’Orbigny 1826 (see below for synonymy) LT64
              |--*V. capreolus d’Orbigny 1826 [=*Trigenerina capreolus] LT64
              |--V. advena C40
              |--V. colei C40
              |--‘*Schizophora’ neugeboreni Reuss 1861 LT64
              |--‘*Venilina’ nummulina Gümbel 1870 LT64
              `--V. pennatula C40

Pseudobolivina Wiesner 1931 [incl. Arenovirgulina Said & Barakat 1958, Bimonilina Eicher 1960, Parvigenerina Vella 1957, Plectinella Marie 1956] LT64

*Pseudobolivina antarctica Wiesner 1931 [incl. Bifarina porrecta var. arenacea Heron-Allen & Earland 1922, *Parvigenerina arenacea, Bolivina punctata var. arenacea Heron-Allen & Earland 1922 nec Bo. inflata var. arenacea Heron-Allen & Earland 1922 nec Bo. textilarioides var. arenacea Heron-Allen & Earland 1922 nec Bo. tortuosa var. arenacea Heron-Allen & Earland 1922 nec Bo. variabilis var. arenacea Heron-Allen & Earland 1922] LT64

Textularia Defrance 1824 S-VC91 [=Textilaria Ehrenberg 1839 LT64, Textillaria Schwager 1864 LT64; incl. Plecanium Reuss 1862 LT64, Pleurostomelloides Majzon 1943 LT64]

*Textularia sagittula Defrance in de Blainville 1824 [=Spiroplectammina sagittula, *Textilaria sagittula, *Textillaria sagittula] LT64

Textulariidae [Artextulidia, Plecanioidea, Textilarida, Textilaridea, Textilarideae, Textilariidae, Textilarina, Textularina, Textularinae, Textulinidae]

Vulvulina d’Orbigny 1826 [=Trigenerina Schubert 1902; incl. Schizophora Reuss 1861, Venilina Gümbel 1870] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LJ98] Li, Q., N. P. James, B. McGowran, Y. Bone & J. Cann. 1998. Synergetic influence of water masses and Kangaroo Island barrier on foraminiferal distribution, Lincoln and Lacepede shelves, South Australia: a synthesis. Alcheringa 22 (2): 153–176.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.

Ataxophragmiidae

Various views of Karreriella bradyi, from Brady (1884).

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Gaudryina.

The Ataxophragmiidae are a group of agglutinated Foraminifera known from the Late Carboniferous to the present. Most species are triserial or trochospiral with three or more chambers to a whorl in early stages, reducing to two chambers or uniserial in later stages (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free, trochospiral, uncoiling or uniserial; wall agglutinated; aperture a basal slit in the early stage, later may become terminal, cribrate or toothed.

<==Ataxophragmiidae (see below for synonymy)
    |--Varsoviella Gawor-Biedowa 1987 [Varsoviellinae] G-B87
    |    `--*V. pazdroae Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
    |--Verneuilininae [Spiroplectinatinae, Spiroplectininae] LT64
    |    |  i. s.: Barbourinella Bermúdez 1940 [=Barbourina Bermúdez 1939 non Amaral 1924] LT64
    |    |           `--*B. atlantica (Bermúdez 1939) [=*Barbourina atlantica] LT64
    |    |         Rudigaudryina Cushman & McCulloch 1939 LT64
    |    |           `--*R. inepta Cushman & McCulloch 1939 LT64
    |    |         Bermudezina Cushman 1937 LT64
    |    |           `--*B. cubensis (Palmer & Bermúdez 1936) [=Heterostomella cubensis] LT64
    |    |         Belorussiella Akimets 1958 LT64
    |    |           `--*B. bolivinaeformis Akimets 1958 LT64
    |    |         Flourensina Marie 1938 LT64
    |    |           `--*F. douvillei Marie 1938 LT64
    |    |         Migros Finlay 1939 [incl. Paleogaudryina Said & Barakat 1958] LT64
    |    |           |--*M. medwayensis (Parr 1935) [=Gaudryina medwayensis] LT64
    |    |           `--M. magharaensis (Said & Barakat 1958) [=*Paleogaudryina magharaensis] LT64
    |    |         Pseudoreophax Geroch 1961 LT64
    |    |           `--*P. cisovnicensis Geroch 1961 LT64
    |    |         Pseudospiroplectinata Gorbenko 1957 LT64
    |    |           `--*P. plana Gorbenko 1957 LT64
    |    |         Reophacella Kaptarenko-Chernousova 1956 LT64
    |    |           `--*R. compressa Kaptarenko-Chernousova 1956 LT64
    |    |         Uvigerinammina Majzon 1943 LT64
    |    |           |--U. jankoi Majzon 1943 LT64
    |    |           `--U. manitobensis LT64
    |    |         Verneuilinoides Loeblich & Tappan 1949 LT64
    |    |           `--*V. schizea (Cushman & Alexander 1930) [=Verneuilina schizea] LT64
    |    |--Verneuilina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 C40, LT64 [=Verneolina (l. c.) LT64, Verneulina (l. c.) LT64]
    |    |    |--*V. tricarinata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 LT64
    |    |    |--V. advena LT64
    |    |    |--V. agalarovae BL79
    |    |    |--V. polystropha C40
    |    |    `--V. pyramidata BL79
    |    |--Tritaxia Reuss 1860 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--*T. tricarinata (Reuss 1844) [=Textularia tricarinata; incl. Verneuilina dubia Reuss 1851] LT64
    |    |    |--T. capitosa (Cushman 1933) [=Gaudryinella capitosa, *Pseudogaudryinella capitosa] LT64
    |    |    |--T. compressa [=Clavulina compressa] LT64
    |    |    |--T. cubana [=Gaudryinella cubana] LT64
    |    |    |--T. pleurostoma (Rzehak 1895) [=*Tritaxiopsis pleurostoma] LT64
    |    |    |--T. pyramidata C40
    |    |    |--T. trigona (Silvestri 1948) [=*Siphonclavulina trigona] LT64
    |    |    `--T. trilatera (Cushman 1926) [=Clavulina trilatera, *Clavulinoides trilatera] LT64
    |    `--+--Gaudryinella Plummer 1931 C40
    |       |    `--*G. delrioensis Plummer 1931 LT64
    |       |--+--Heterostomella Reuss 1866 C40, LT64
    |       |  |    |--*H. rugosa (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Sagrina rugosa] LT64
    |       |  |    `--H. foveolata C40
    |       |  `--Spiroplectinata Cushman 1927 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |       |       |--*S. annectens (Parker & Jones 1863) [=Textularia annectens, *Spiroplectina annectens] LT64
    |       |       |--S. inornata (Suleymanov 1958) [=*Paragaudryina inornata] LT64
    |       |       |--S. mollis [=Pseudogaudryinella mollis] LT64
    |       |       `--S. pseudoserrata [=Gaudryinella pseudoserrata] LT64
    |       `--Gaudryina C40
    |--Globotextulariinae [Eggerellinae] LT64
    |    |--Globotextularia Eimer & Fickert 1899 [Globotexulariinae] LT64
    |    |    `--*G. anceps (Brady 1884) [=Haplophragmium anceps] LT64
    |    |--Arenobulimina Cushman 1927 [incl. Ataxophragmoides Brotzen 1948, Hagenowella Cushman 1933] LT64
    |    |    |  i. s.: A. frankei (Brotzen 1948) [=*Ataxophragmoides frankei] LT64
    |    |    |         ‘Globigerina’ elevata d’Orbigny 1840 [=Hagenowella elevata] LT61b
    |    |    |         ‘Valvulina’ gibbosa d’Orbigny 1840 [=*Hagenowella gibbosa] LT64
    |    |    |--*A. (Arenobulimina) presli (Reuss 1846) [=Bulimina presli] LT64
    |    |    `--A. (Pasternakia) cuneata G-B87
    |    |--Cribrogoesella Cushman 1935 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. robusta (Brady 1881) [=Bigenerina robusta] LT64
    |    |--Digitina Crespin & Park 1940 LT64
    |    |    `--*D. recurvata Crespin & Park 1940 LT64
    |    |--Eggerellina Marie 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*E. brevis (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Bulimina brevis] LT64
    |    |         |--E. b. brevis LT64
    |    |         `--E. b. conica LT64
    |    |--Eggerina Toulmin 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*E. cylindrica Toulmin 1941 LT64
    |    |--Gravellina Brönnimann 1953 [incl. Verneuilinella Tairov 1956] LT64
    |    |    |--*G. narivaensis Brönnimann 1953 LT64
    |    |    `--G. azerbaidjanica (Tairov 1956) [=*Verneuilinella azerbaidjanica] LT64
    |    |--Karrerulina Finlay 1940 LT64
    |    |    |--K. conversa (Grzybowski 1901) H03 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    `--K. coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) (see below for synonymy) H03
    |    |--Mooreinella Cushman & Waters 1928 LT64
    |    |    `--*M. biserialis Cushman & Waters 1928 LT64
    |    |--Multifidella Loeblich & Tappan 1961 LT64
    |    |    `--*M. nodulosa (Cushman 1922) (see below for synonymy) LT61a
    |    |--Orientalia Bykova 1947 LT64
    |    |    `--*O. exilis Bykova 1947 LT64
    |    |--Plectotrochammina Parr 1950 [incl. Poronaia Ujtié & Watanabe 1960] LT64
    |    |    |--*P. subglobosa Parr 1950 LT64
    |    |    `--P. poronaiensis (Asano 1952) [=Plectina poronaiensis, *Poronaia poronaiensis] LT64
    |    |--Karreriella Cushman 1933 [incl. Valvotextularia Hofker 1951] LT64
    |    |    |--*K. siphonella (Reuss 1851) [=Gaudryina siphonella] LT64
    |    |    |--K. baccata H03
    |    |    |    |--K. b. baccata H03
    |    |    |    `--K. b. japonica Asano 1938 H03
    |    |    |--K. bradyi JW99
    |    |    |--K. catenata (Cushman 1911) [=Textularia catenata, *Valvotextularia catenata] LT64
    |    |    |--K. chilostoma B49
    |    |    |--K. cylindrica H90
    |    |    `--K. novaezelandica B49
    |    |--Eggerella Cushman 1933 LT64
    |    |    |--*E. bradyi (Cushman 1911) [=Verneuilina bradyi] LT64
    |    |    |--E. columna Finlay 1940 LT64
    |    |    |--E. inflata (Franke 1928) [=Valvulina inflata] LT64
    |    |    `--E. trochoides (Reuss 1845) [=Globigerina trochoides, Allomorphina trochoides] LT64
    |    `--Dorothia Plummer 1931 [incl. Marssonella Cushman 1933] LT64
    |         |--*D. bulletta (Carsey 1936) [=Gaudryina bulletta] LT64
    |         |--D. filiformis BL79
    |         |--‘Marssonella’ indentata B49
    |         |--D. ouachensis BL79
    |         |--D. oxycona (Reuss 1860) [=Gaudryina oxycona, *Marssonella oxycona] LT64
    |         |--D. paupercula (Cushman 1911) [=Gaudryina paupercula] H03
    |         `--D. trochus BL79
    |--Ataxophragmiinae [Ataxophragmidea] LT64
    |    |--Voloshovinella Loeblich & Tappan 1964 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    |    `--*V. aequisgranensis (Beissel 1891) [=Lituola aequisgranensis, *Beisselina aequisgranensis] LT64
    |    |--Camagueyia Cole & Bermúdez 1944 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. perplexa Cole & Bermúdez 1944 LT64
    |    |--Coprolithina Marie 1941 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. subcylindrica Marie 1941 LT64
    |    |--Cubanina Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |    `--*C. alavensis Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |--Hagenowina Loelich & Tappan 1961 LT64
    |    |    `--*H. quadribullata (von Hagenow 1842) [=Valvulina quadribullata] LT64
    |    |--Liebusella Cushman 1933 LT64
    |    |    `--*L. soldanii (Jones & Parker 1860) [=Lituola soldanii] LT64
    |    |--Matanzia Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |    `--*M. bermudezi Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    |--Orbignyna von Hagenow 1842 [=Orbignyina Bronn 1853] LT64
    |    |    `--*O. ovata von Hagenow 1842 [=*Orbignyina ovata] LT64
    |    |--Pseudolituonella Marie 1955 LT64
    |    |    `--*P. reicheli Marie 1955 LT64
    |    |--Remesella Vašíček 1947 LT64
    |    |    `--*R. mariae Vašíček 1947 LT64
    |    |--Dictyopsella Munier-Chalmas in Schlumberger 1900 LT64
    |    |    |--*D. kiliani Munier-Chalmas in Schlumberger 1900 LT64
    |    |    `--D. chalmasi C40
    |    |--Tritaxilina Cushman 1911 [=Clavulinella Schubert 1921] LT64
    |    |    |--*T. caperata (Brady 1881) [=Clavulina caperata, *Clavulinella caperata] LT64
    |    |    `--T. zealandica H90
    |    |--Ataxophragmium Reuss 1860 [=Ataxogyroidina Marie 1941; incl. Pernerina Cushman 1933] LT64
    |    |    |--*A. variabile (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Bulimina variabilis, *Ataxogyroidina variabilis] LT64
    |    |    `--A. depressum (Perner 1892) [=Bulimina depressa, *Pernerina depressa] LT64
    |    |--Pseudochrysalidina Cole 1941 [incl. Dukhania Henson 1948, Pseudogoesella Keijzer 1945] LT64
    |    |    |--*P. floridana Cole 1941 LT64
    |    |    |--P. conica (Henson 1948) [=*Dukhania conica] LT64
    |    |    `--P. cubana (Keijzer 1945) [=*Pseudogoesella cubana] LT64
    |    `--Cuneolina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [incl. Cuneolinella Cushman & Bermúdez 1941] LT64
    |         |--*C. pavonia d’Orbigny 1846 LT64
    |         |--C. angusta C40
    |         |--C. conica C40
    |         `--C. lewisi (Cushman & Bermúdez 1941) [=*Cuneolinella lewisi] LT64
    `--Valvulininae LT64
         |--Cribrobulimina Cushman 1927 LT64
         |    `--*C. mixta Cushman 1927 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--Chrysalidina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |    `--*C. gradata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 LT64
         |--Cylindroclavulina Bermúdez & Key 1952 LT64
         |    `--*C. bradyi (Cushman 1911) [=Clavulina bradyi] LT64
         |--Dusenburyina Bermúdez & Key 1952 LT64
         |    `--*D. procera (Goës 1889) [=Clavulina procera] LT64
         |--Goesella Cushman 1933 LT64
         |    `--*G. rotundata (Cushman 1913) [=Clavulina rotundata] LT64
         |--Makarskiana Van Soest 1942 LT64
         |    `--*M. trochoidea Van Soest 1942 LT64
         |--Valvulammina Cushman 1933 LT64
         |    `--*V. globularis (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Valvulina globularis, V. globulosa (l. c.)] LT64
         |--Cribroturretoides Smith 1949 [incl. Neoclavulina Puri 1957] LT64
         |    |--*C. miocenica Smith 1949 LT64
         |    `--C. intermedia (Applin & Jordan 1945) [=Valvulina intermedia, *Neoclavulina intermedia] LT64
         |--Discorinopsis Cole 1941 [incl. Arenagula Bourdon & Lys 1955, Arenaglobula (l. c.)] LT64
         |    |--*D. gunteri Cole 1941 [incl. Valvulina floridana Cole 1941] LT64
         |    `--D. globula (Bourdon & Lys 1955) [=*Arenagula globula] LT64
         |--Valvulina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Duotaxis Kristan 1957] LT64
         |    |--*V. triangularis d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
         |    |--V. metula (Kristan 1957) [=*Duotaxis metula] LT64
         |    `--V. oviedoiana C40
         |--Martinottiella Cushman 1933 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |    |--*M. communis (d’Orbigny 1826) LT64 [=Clavulina communis H03, Listerella communis C40]
         |    |--M. primaeva (Cushman 1913) [=Clavulina primaeva, *Listerella primaeva, *Schenckiella primaeva] LT64
         |    `--‘Listerella’ weymouthi B49
         |--Minouxia Marie 1955 [incl. Bermudezita Seiglie 1961] LT64
         |    |--*M. gumbelitrioides Marie 1955 LT64
         |    |--‘*Bermudezita’ borroi Seiglie 1961 LT64
         |    `--M. dordonica LT64
         |--Plectina Marsson 1878 [incl. Arenodosaria Finlay 1939] LT64
         |    |--*P. ruthenica (Reuss 1851) [=Gaudryina ruthenica] LT64
         |    |--‘Arenodosaria’ antipoda B49
         |    |--P. nipponica Asano 1951 H03
         |    `--P. robusta (Stache 1865) [=Clavulina robusta, *Arenodosaria robusta] LT64
         `--Clavulina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Pseudoclavulina Cushman 1936] LT64
              |--*C. parisiensis d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
              |--C. angularis LT64
              |--C. clavata Cushman 1926 [=*Pseudoclavulina clavata] LT64
              |--C. gaultina BL79
              |--C. humilis C40
              `--C. insignis C40

Ataxophragmiidae [Ataxophragmiacea, Dorothiidae, Eggerellidae, Opisthotrischistidae, Trischistidae, Valvulinidae, Verneuilinidae]

Chrysalidina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [incl. Pupina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 non Vignard 1839] LT64

*Clavulina mixta Cushman 1927 [=Valvulina mixta Parker & Jones 1865 (n. n.); incl. V. polystoma Parker & Jones 1865 (n. n.)] LT64

Karrerulina coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) [=Gaudryina coniformis; incl. Eggerella matsunoi Takayanagi in Scott 2000] H03

Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski 1901) H03 [=Gaudryina conversa H03; incl. G. apicularis Cushman 1911 H03, Karreriella apicularis LT64, *Karrerulina apicularis LT64]

Martinottiella Cushman 1933 [incl. Listerella Cushman 1933 non Jahn 1906, Schenckiella Thalmann 1942] LT64

*Multifidella nodulosa (Cushman 1922) [=Clavulina communis var. nodulosa, Listerella nodulosa, Martinottiella nodulosa, Schenckiella nodulosa] LT61a

Spiroplectinata Cushman 1927 [=Spiroplectina Cushman 1927 non Schubert 1902 LT64; incl. Paragaudryina Suleymanov 1958 LT64]

Tritaxia Reuss 1860 C40 [incl. Clavulinoides Cushman 1936 LT64, Pseudogaudryinella Cushman 1936 LT64, Siphonclavulina Silvestri 1948 LT64, Tritaxiopsis Rzehak 1895 LT64]

Voloshovinella Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Beisselina Voloshinova & Balakhmatova in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 non Canu 1913] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1-2): 49–72.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT61a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961a. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.

[LT61b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961b. The status of Hagenowella Cushman, 1933 and a new genus Hagenowina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 241–244.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Ataxophragmiinae

Cuneolina pavonia, from Dana (1883).

Belongs within: Ataxophragmiidae.

The Ataxophragmiinae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Lower Cretaceous to the present (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Early stage with three or more chambers in each whorl but increasing in number with growth or uncoiling and spreading to form low conical test; interior with internal pillars and partitions.

Ataxophragmiinae [Ataxophragmidea]
    |--Voloshovinella Loeblich & Tappan 1964 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    `--*V. aequisgranensis (Beissel 1891) [=Lituola aequisgranensis, *Beisselina aequisgranensis] LT64
    |--Camagueyia Cole & Bermúdez 1944 LT64
    |    `--*C. perplexa Cole & Bermúdez 1944 LT64
    |--Coprolithina Marie 1941 LT64
    |    `--*C. subcylindrica Marie 1941 LT64
    |--Cubanina Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    `--*C. alavensis Palmer 1936 LT64
    |--Hagenowina Loelich & Tappan 1961 LT64
    |    `--*H. quadribullata (von Hagenow 1842) [=Valvulina quadribullata] LT64
    |--Liebusella Cushman 1933 LT64
    |    `--*L. soldanii (Jones & Parker 1860) [=Lituola soldanii] LT64
    |--Matanzia Palmer 1936 LT64
    |    `--*M. bermudezi Palmer 1936 LT64
    |--Orbignyna von Hagenow 1842 [=Orbignyina Bronn 1853] LT64
    |    `--*O. ovata von Hagenow 1842 [=*Orbignyina ovata] LT64
    |--Pseudolituonella Marie 1955 LT64
    |    `--*P. reicheli Marie 1955 LT64
    |--Remesella Vašíček 1947 LT64
    |    `--*R. mariae Vašíček 1947 LT64
    |--Dictyopsella Munier-Chalmas in Schlumberger 1900 LT64
    |    |--*D. kiliani Munier-Chalmas in Schlumberger 1900 LT64
    |    `--D. chalmasi C40
    |--Tritaxilina Cushman 1911 [=Clavulinella Schubert 1921] LT64
    |    |--*T. caperata (Brady 1881) [=Clavulina caperata, *Clavulinella caperata] LT64
    |    `--T. zealandica H90
    |--Ataxophragmium Reuss 1860 [=Ataxogyroidina Marie 1941; incl. Pernerina Cushman 1933] LT64
    |    |--*A. variabile (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Bulimina variabilis, *Ataxogyroidina variabilis] LT64
    |    `--A. depressum (Perner 1892) [=Bulimina depressa, *Pernerina depressa] LT64
    |--Pseudochrysalidina Cole 1941 [incl. Dukhania Henson 1948, Pseudogoesella Keijzer 1945] LT64
    |    |--*P. floridana Cole 1941 LT64
    |    |--P. conica (Henson 1948) [=*Dukhania conica] LT64
    |    `--P. cubana (Keijzer 1945) [=*Pseudogoesella cubana] LT64
    `--Cuneolina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [incl. Cuneolinella Cushman & Bermúdez 1941] LT64
         |--*C. pavonia d’Orbigny 1846 LT64
         |--C. angusta C40
         |--C. conica C40
         `--C. lewisi (Cushman & Bermúdez 1941) [=*Cuneolinella lewisi] LT64

Voloshovinella Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Beisselina Voloshinova & Balakhmatova in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 non Canu 1913] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Globotextulariinae

Various views of Karreriella bradyi, from Brady (1884).

Belongs within: Ataxophragmiidae.

The Globotextulariinae are a group of trochoid Foraminifera known from the upper Carboniferous to the present (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test trochoid, three or more chambers to whorl, number of chambers to whorl tending to decrease with growth to two or one; aperture single interiomarginal opening or cribrate.

Globotextulariinae [Eggerellinae]
    |--Globotextularia Eimer & Fickert 1899 [Globotexulariinae] LT64
    |    `--*G. anceps (Brady 1884) [=Haplophragmium anceps] LT64
    |--Arenobulimina Cushman 1927 [incl. Ataxophragmoides Brotzen 1948, Hagenowella Cushman 1933] LT64
    |    |  i. s.: A. frankei (Brotzen 1948) [=*Ataxophragmoides frankei] LT64
    |    |         ‘Globigerina’ elevata d’Orbigny 1840 [=Hagenowella elevata] LT61b
    |    |         ‘Valvulina’ gibbosa d’Orbigny 1840 [=*Hagenowella gibbosa] LT64
    |    |--*A. (Arenobulimina) presli (Reuss 1846) [=Bulimina presli] LT64
    |    `--A. (Pasternakia) cuneata G-B87
    |--Cribrogoesella Cushman 1935 LT64
    |    `--*C. robusta (Brady 1881) [=Bigenerina robusta] LT64
    |--Digitina Crespin & Park 1940 LT64
    |    `--*D. recurvata Crespin & Park 1940 LT64
    |--Eggerellina Marie 1941 LT64
    |    `--*E. brevis (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Bulimina brevis] LT64
    |         |--E. b. brevis LT64
    |         `--E. b. conica LT64
    |--Eggerina Toulmin 1941 LT64
    |    `--*E. cylindrica Toulmin 1941 LT64
    |--Gravellina Brönnimann 1953 [incl. Verneuilinella Tairov 1956] LT64
    |    |--*G. narivaensis Brönnimann 1953 LT64
    |    `--G. azerbaidjanica (Tairov 1956) [=*Verneuilinella azerbaidjanica] LT64
    |--Karrerulina Finlay 1940 LT64
    |    |--K. conversa (Grzybowski 1901) H03 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--K. coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) (see below for synonymy) H03
    |--Mooreinella Cushman & Waters 1928 LT64
    |    `--*M. biserialis Cushman & Waters 1928 LT64
    |--Multifidella Loeblich & Tappan 1961 LT64
    |    `--*M. nodulosa (Cushman 1922) (see below for synonymy) LT61a
    |--Orientalia Bykova 1947 LT64
    |    `--*O. exilis Bykova 1947 LT64
    |--Plectotrochammina Parr 1950 [incl. Poronaia Ujtié & Watanabe 1960] LT64
    |    |--*P. subglobosa Parr 1950 LT64
    |    `--P. poronaiensis (Asano 1952) [=Plectina poronaiensis, *Poronaia poronaiensis] LT64
    |--Karreriella Cushman 1933 [incl. Valvotextularia Hofker 1951] LT64
    |    |--*K. siphonella (Reuss 1851) [=Gaudryina siphonella] LT64
    |    |--K. baccata H03
    |    |    |--K. b. baccata H03
    |    |    `--K. b. japonica Asano 1938 H03
    |    |--K. bradyi JW99
    |    |--K. catenata (Cushman 1911) [=Textularia catenata, *Valvotextularia catenata] LT64
    |    |--K. chilostoma B49
    |    |--K. cylindrica H90
    |    `--K. novaezelandica B49
    |--Eggerella Cushman 1933 LT64
    |    |--*E. bradyi (Cushman 1911) [=Verneuilina bradyi] LT64
    |    |--E. columna Finlay 1940 LT64
    |    |--E. inflata (Franke 1928) [=Valvulina inflata] LT64
    |    `--E. trochoides (Reuss 1845) [=Globigerina trochoides, Allomorphina trochoides] LT64
    `--Dorothia Plummer 1931 [incl. Marssonella Cushman 1933] LT64
         |--*D. bulletta (Carsey 1936) [=Gaudryina bulletta] LT64
         |--D. filiformis BL79
         |--‘Marssonella’ indentata B49
         |--D. ouachensis BL79
         |--D. oxycona (Reuss 1860) [=Gaudryina oxycona, *Marssonella oxycona] LT64
         |--D. paupercula (Cushman 1911) [=Gaudryina paupercula] H03
         `--D. trochus BL79

Karrerulina coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) [=Gaudryina coniformis; incl. Eggerella matsunoi Takayanagi in Scott 2000] H03

Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski 1901) H03 [=Gaudryina conversa H03; incl. G. apicularis Cushman 1911 H03, Karreriella apicularis LT64, *Karrerulina apicularis LT64]

*Multifidella nodulosa (Cushman 1922) [=Clavulina communis var. nodulosa, Listerella nodulosa, Martinottiella nodulosa, Schenckiella nodulosa] LT61a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1–2): 49–72.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT61a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961a. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.

[LT61b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961b. The status of Hagenowella Cushman, 1933 and a new genus Hagenowina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 241–244.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Pavonitinidae

External views and axial section of Lituonella roberti, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964a).

Belongs within: Globotextulariinae.

The Pavonitinidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Upper Jurassic to the present (Loeblich & Tappan 1964a).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964a): Test trochospiral, at least in early stage, with three to many chambers to whorl, later may be reduced in number of chambers to biserial or uniserial, chambers may be subdivided by pillars or partitions; wall of agglutinated calcareous fragments or microgranular.

Pavonitinidae [Pfenderinidae]
    |--Pavonitininae LT64a
    |    |--Guppyella Brönnimann 1951 LT64a
    |    |    `--*G. miocenica (Cushman 1936) LT64a (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--Textulariella Cushman 1927 LT64a
    |    |    `--*T. barrettii (Jones & Parker 1876) [=Textularia barrettii] LT64a
    |    |--Pavonitina Schubert 1914 [incl. Pseudotriplasia Małecki 1954] LT64a
    |    |    |--*P. styriaca Schubert 1914 [incl. Pseudotriplasia plana, Ps. robusta] LT64a
    |    |    `--P. elongata (Małecki 1954) [=*Pseudotriplasia elongata] LT64a
    |    |--Coskinolina Stache 1875 LT64a
    |    |    |--*C. liburnica Stache 1875 LT64a
    |    |    `--C. balsilliei LT64a
    |    `--Lituonella Schlumberger in Schlumberger & Douvillé 1905 LT64a
    |         |--*L. roberti Schlumberger in Schlumberger & Douvillé 1905 LT64a
    |         |--L. douvillei LT64a
    |         `--L. liburnica C40
    `--Pfenderininae LT64a
         |--Accordiella Farinacci 1962 LT64a
         |    `--*A. conica Farinacci 1962 LT64b
         |--Pfenderina Henson 1948 LT64a
         |    `--*P. neocomiensis (Pfender 1938) [=Eorupertia neocomiensis] LT64a
         |--Hensonia Marie 1955 LT64a
         |    `--H. tricarinata Marie 1955 LT64a
         |--Marieita Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Reichelina Marie 1955 non Erk 1941] LT64a
         |    `--*M. prismatica (Marie 1955) [=*Reichelina prismatica] LT64a
         |--Meyendorffina Aurouze & Bizon 1958 LT64a
         |    `--*M. bathonica Aurouze & Bizon 1958 LT64a
         |--Pseudotextulariella Barnard in Barnard & Banner 1953 LT64a
         |    `--*P. cretosa (Cushman 1932) [=Textulariella cretosa] LT64a
         |--Kilianina Pfender 1933 [incl. Lituonelloides Henson 1948] LT64a
         |    |--*K. blancheti Pfender 1933 LT64a
         |    `--K. compressa (Henson 1948) [=*Lituonelloides compressus] LT64a
         `--Kurnubia Henson 1948 LT64a
              |--*K. palastiniensis Henson 1948 LT64a
              `--K. jurassica [=Valvulinella jurassica] LT64a

*Guppyella miocenica (Cushman 1936) LT64a [=Goesella miocenica H03; incl. Liebusella laevigata Voloshnikova et al. 1970 H03, Go. schencki Asano 1950 H03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Nodosariidae

Lingulina pagoda, from Haeckel (1899-1904), via micro*scope.

Belongs within: Lagenida.
Contains: Astacolus, Lenticulina, Marginulina, Dentalina, Nodosaria, Lagena, Frondicularia.

The Lagenidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Permian to the present. They are divided between three subfamilies, which may be distinguished by the shape of the aperture: rounded or radiate in Nodosariinae, a single elongate slit in the Lingulininae, or dentate or cribrate in the Plectofrondiculariinae. The chambers of the test are commonly arranged in a straight or arcuate series in all three subfamilies, or in an enrolled series in a number of Nodosariinae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b, as Nodosariidae): Test free, one or more chambers in planispiral, biserial, uncoiling, curved or straight series; aperture simple, slitlike or radiate, peripheral in coiled forms, terminal in straight forms, may have apertural chamberlet, or may have elongate neck.

<==Nodosariidae [Aequilateralidae, Equilateralidae, Lagenidae, Nautiloidae, Stichostegia]
    |  i. s.: Parafissurina Parr 1947 H03, LT64b
    |           |--*P. ventricosa (Silvestri 1904) [=Lagena ventricosa, Ellipsolagena ventricosa] LT64b
    |           `--P. ovalis Todd 1957 H03
    |--Plectofrondiculariinae [Plectofrondicularinae] LT64a
    |    |--Bolivinella Cushman 1927 LT64a, C40
    |    |    `--*B. folia (Parker & Jones 1865) [=Textularia folium] LT64b
    |    |--Amphimorphina Neugeboren 1850 C40 [incl. Amphimorphinella Keijzer 1953 LT64b]
    |    |    |--*A. haueriana Neugeboren 1850 C40
    |    |    `--A. butonensis (Keijzer 1953) [=*Amphimorphinella butonensis] LT64b
    |    `--Plectofrondicularia Liebus 1902 [incl. Parafrondicularia Asano 1938] LT64b
    |         |--*P. concava Liebus 1903 C40
    |         |--P. californica C40
    |         |--P. floridana LT64b
    |         |--P. japonica (Asano 1938) [=*Parafrondicularia japonica] LT64b
    |         |--P. mexicana C40
    |         |--P. miocenica C40
    |         |--P. vaughani C40
    |         `--P. whaingaroica B49
    |--Lingulininae LT64b
    |    |--Berthelinella Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64b
    |    |    `--*B. paradoxa (Berthelin 1879) [=Frondicularia paradoxa] LT64b
    |    |--Daucinoides de Klasz & Rérat 1962 LT64b
    |    |    `--*D. circumtegens de Klasz & Rérat 1962 LT64b
    |    |--Ellipsocristellaria Silvestri 1920 LT64b
    |    |    `--*E. sequana (Berthelin 1880) [=Lingulinopsis sequana] LT64b
    |    |--Rimulina d’Orbigny 1826 LT64b
    |    |    `--*R. glabra d’Orbigny 1826 LT64b
    |    |--Gonatosphaera Guppy 1894 [incl. Linguloglandulina Silvestri 1903] LT64b
    |    |    |--*G. prolata Guppy 1894 LT64b
    |    |    `--G. laevigata (Silvestri 1903) [=*Linguloglandulina laevigata] LT64b
    |    |--Lingulinopsis Reuss 1860 LT64b
    |    |    |--*L. bohemica (Reuss 1846) [=Lingulina bohemica] LT64b
    |    |    `--L. carlofortensis LT64b
    |    |--Lingulonodosaria Silvestri 1903 [incl. Lingulinella Gerke 1952] LT64b
    |    |    |--*L. nodosaria (Reuss 1863) [=Lingulina nodosaria] LT64b
    |    |    `--L. arctica (Gerke 1952) [=*Lingulinella arctica] LT64b
    |    |--Mucronina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Nodomorphina Cushman 1927, Staffia Schubert 1911] LT64b
    |    |    |--*M. hasta (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Nodosaria (Mucronine) hasta] LT64b
    |    |    |--‘Nodosaria’ compressiuscula Neugeboren 1852 [=*Nodomorphina compressiuscula] LT64b
    |    |    `--M. tetragona (Costa 1855) [=Nodosaria tetragona, *Staffia tetragona] LT64b
    |    `--Lingulina Orbigny 1826 W76 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--*L. carinata d’Orbigny 1826 C40
    |         |--L. buddencanyonensis BL79
    |         |--L. dubiella (Gerke 1957) [=Frondicularia (*Frondiculina) dubiella, *Frondiculinita dubiella] LT64b
    |         |--L. loryi BL79
    |         |--L. pagoda H04
    |         |--L. strigata Wang 1976 W76
    |         |--L. tenera [incl. L. tenera var. hexogonella, L. tenera var. maxima] W76
    |         `--L. wilcoxensis C40
    `--Nodosariinae [Lageninae] G-B87
         |  i. s.: ‘Cribrella’ Gawor-Biedowa 1987 nec Agassiz 1835 nec Lütken 1857 G-B87
         |           |--*C. lacrima Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
         |           |--C. fusiformis Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
         |           `--C. ovata Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
         |         Alfredosilvestris Andersen 1961 LT64b
         |           `--*A. levinsoni Andersen 1961 LT64b
         |         Astacolus LT64b
         |         Austrocolomia Oberhauser 1960 LT64b
         |           `--*A. marschalli Oberhauser 1960 LT64b
         |         Chrysalogonium Schubert 1907 LT64b
         |           |--*C. polystoma (Schwager 1866) [=Nodosaria polystoma] LT64b
         |           `--C. cretaceum C40
         |         Citharina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |           |--*C. strigillata (Reuss 1846) [=Vaginulina (*Citharina) strigillata] LT64b
         |           |--C. colliezi (Terquem 1866) [=Marginulina colliezi, *Pseudocitharina colliezi] LT64b
         |           |--C. discors LT64b
         |           |--C. gracilana M08
         |           |--C. inaequistriata (Terquem 1864) [=Marginulina inaequistriata, *Saccularia inaequistriata] LT64b
         |           |--‘*Hybridina’ obliqua Kübler & Zwingli 1866 LT64b
         |           `--‘*Pseudovaginulina’ oxyacantha Wedekind 1937 LT64b
         |         Citharinella Marie 1938 LT64b
         |           |--*C. karreri (Berthelin 1880) [=Flabellina karreri] LT64b
         |           `--C. tarrantensis LT64b
         |         Cribrorobulina Thalmann 1947 LT64b
         |           `--*C. serpens (Seguenza 1880) [=Robulina serpens] LT64b
         |         Dentalinoides Marie 1941 LT64b
         |           `--*D. canulina Marie 941 LT64b
         |         Dentalinopsis Reuss 1860 LT64b
         |           `--*D. semitriquetra Reuss 1860 LT64b
         |         Dimorphina d’Orbigny 1826 [=Glandulodimorphina Silvestri 1901] LT64b
         |           `--*D. tuberosa d’Orbigny 1826 [=*Glandulodimorphina tuberosa] LT64b
         |         Dyofrondicularia Asano 1936 LT64b
         |           `--*D. nipponica Asano 1936 C40
         |         Flabellinella Schubert 1900 LT64b
         |           |--*F. tetschensis (Matouschek 1895) [=Frondicularia tetschensis] LT64b
         |           `--F. zittelliana C40
         |         Involutaria Gerke 1957 LT64b
         |           `--*I. triassica Gerke 1957 LT64b
         |         Kyphopyxa Cushman 1929 LT64b
         |           `--*K. christneri (Carsey 1926) [=Frondicularia christneri] LT64b
         |         Lagenoglandulina Silvestri 1923 LT64b
         |           `--*L. subovata (Stache 1865) [=Glandulina subovata] LT64b
         |         Lankesterina Loeblich & Tappan 1961 LT64b
         |           `--*L. frondea (Cushman 1922) [=Bolivina frondea, Polymorphina frondea] LT61
         |         Marginulinopsis Silvestri 1904 LT64b
         |           `--*M. densicostata Thalmann 1937 LT64b
         |         Neoflabellina Bartenstein 1948 [=Flabellina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 non Voigt 1834] LT64b
         |           |--*N. rugosa (d’Orbigny 1840) LT64b [=*Flabellina rugosa LT64b, Palmula rugosa C40]
         |           `--N. reticulata G-B87
         |         Orthomorphina Stainforth 1952 LT64b
         |           `--*O. havanensis (Cushman & Bermudez 1937) [=Nodogenerina havanensis] LT64b
         |         Palmula Lea 1833 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |           |--*P. sagittaria Lea 1833 C40
         |           |--‘*Planularia’ elliptica Nilsson 1826 LT64b
         |           |--‘*Frondiculina’ obliqua von Münster 1838 LT64b
         |           |--P. reticulata C40
         |           `--P. tenuistriata (Franke 1936) [=Flabellina tenuistriata, *Falsopalmula tenuistriata] LT64b
         |         Pandaglandulina Loeblich & Tappan 1955 [=Pandoglandulina (l. c.)] LT64b
         |           `--*P. dinapolii Loeblich & Tappan 1955 LT64b
         |         Planularia Defrance in de Blainville 1826 [incl. Megathyra Ehrenberg 1843] LT64b
         |           |--*P. auris (Defrance 1824) [=Peneroplis auris] LT64b
         |           |--P. advena C40
         |           |--P. crepidula M62
         |           `--‘*Megathyra’ planularia Ehrenberg 1843 LT64b
         |         Pseudarcella Spandel 1909 LT64b [=Arpseudacelloum Rhumbler 1913 LT64b, Pseudoarcella (l. c.) H75]
         |           |--*P. rhumbleri Spandel 1909 H75
         |           |--P. campanula LT64b
         |           |--P. feugueuri LT64b
         |           `--P. patella LT64b
         |         Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart 1949 [incl. Rectoglandulina Loeblich & Tappan 1955] LT64b
         |           |--*P. discreta (Reuss 1850) [=Glandulina discreta] LT64b
         |           |--P. appressa (Loeblich & Tappan 1955) [=*Rectoglandulina appressa] LT64b
         |           |--P. humilis BL79
         |           `--P. obesa G-B87
         |         Pseudotristix Miklukho-Maklay 1960 LT64b
         |           `--*P. tcherdynzevi (Miklukho-Maklay 1960) [=Tristix (*Pseudotristix) tcherdynzevi] LT64b
         |         Tentifrons Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64b
         |           `--*T. barnardi Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64b
         |         Tribrachia Schubert 1912 LT64b
         |           `--*T. inelegans Loeblich & Tappan 1950 LT64b
         |         Vaginulinopsis Silvestri 1904 LT64b
         |           |--*V. carinata (Silvestri 1898) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |           |--V. hochstetteri B49
         |           `--V. soluta (Silvestri 1898) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |--Saracenaria Defrance in de Blainville 1824 [incl. Hemirobulina Stache 1865, Saracenella Franke 1936] LT64b
         |    |--*S. italica Defrance 1824 C40
         |    |--S. akitaensis Iwasa & Kikuchi 1954 H03
         |    |--S. angularis JW99
         |    |--‘*Hemirobulina’ arcuatula Stache 1865 LT64b
         |    |--S. spinosa BL79
         |    |--S. triangularis M08
         |    `--S. trigona (Terquem 1866) C40, LT64b [=Marginulina trigona LT64b, *Saracenella trigona C40]
         `--+--Lenticulina C40
            `--+--Amphicoryna Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 1881 C40, LT64b (see below for synonymy)
               |    |--A. scalaris (Batsch 1791) LT64b (see below for synonymy)
               |    |--‘*Plesiocorine’ edwardsi Schlumberger 1882 LT64b
               |    |--‘*Vaginoglandulina’ laevigata Silvestri 1906 LT64b
               |    `--A. separans (Brady 1884) [=Nodosaria scalaris var. separans, *Lagenonodosaria separans] LT64b
               |--+--Marginulina C40
               |  `--+--Dentalina C40
               |     `--+--Nodosaria C40
               |        `--Lagena C40
               `--+--Frondicularia C40
                  `--Vaginulina d’Orbigny 1826 C40 [=Vaginula Risso 1826 LT64b, Vaginulinella (l. c.) LT64b]
                       |--*V. legumen (Linné 1758) [=Nautilus legumen, *Vaginula legumen] LT64b
                       |--V. directa M08
                       |--V. elegans B49
                       |--V. kochii [incl. V. kochii var. striolata] C40
                       |--V. midwayana QS03
                       |--V. patens C40
                       `--V. webbervillensis C40

Nomen nudum: Plectofrondicularia proparri Battey 1949 B49

Amphicoryna Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 1881 C40, LT64b [=Amphicoryne Brady 1884 LT64b, Amphycorina (l. c.) LT64b; incl. Lagenonodosaria Silvestri 1900 LT64b, Nodosariopsis Silvestri 1902 non Rzehak 1895 LT64b, Plesiocorine Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 1882 LT64b, Plesiocoryna (l. c.) LT64b, Vaginoglandulina Silvestri 1906 LT64b]

Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch 1791) LT64b [=Nautilus scalaris LT64b, Lagenonodosaria scalaris B49; incl. Marginulina falx Jones & Parker 1860 LT64b, *Amphicoryna falx LT64b, *Nodosariopsis falx LT64b]

Citharina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [=Cytharina (l. c.); incl. Hybridina Kübler & Zwingli 1866, Pseudocitharina Payard 1947, Pseudovaginulina Wedekind 1937, Saccularia Wedekind 1937] LT64b

Lingulina Orbigny 1826 W76 [incl. Frondiculina Gerke 1957 nec Lamarck 1816 nec Muenster 1835 LT64b, Frondiculinita Gerke 1961 LT64b]

Palmula Lea 1833 [incl. Falsopalmula Bartenstein 1948, Frondiculina von Münster in Roemer 1838 non Lamarck 1816, Phalsopalmula Agalarova 1960, Planularia Nilsson 1826 non Defrance 1826] LT64b

*Vaginulinopsis carinata (Silvestri 1898) [=Vaginulina soluta var. carinata, Vaginulinopsis inversa var. carinata] LT64b

Vaginulinopsis soluta (Silvestri 1898) [=Vaginulina soluta; incl. Marginulina inversa Costa 1856 non Neugeboren 1851, Vaginulinopsis inversa] LT64b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1–2): 49–72.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea. Supplement 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2^nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT61] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[QS03] Quattrocchio, M. E., & W. A. S. Sarjeant. 2003. Dinoflagellates from the Chorrillo Chico Formation (Paleocene) of southern Chile. Ameghiniana 40 (2): 129–153.

[W76] Wang K. 1976. The foraminifera from the Changhsing Formation in western Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 15 (2): 187–195.