Belongs within: Pancrustacea.
Contains: Collembola, Diplura, Insecta.
The Panhexapoda includes the modern Hexapoda (insects and related taxa), together with a small number of Devonian relatives. Members of this clade are united by the presence of only a single pair of antennae, and reduction of appendages posterior to the anterior three pairs of walking legs. In crown-group hexapods, the posterior appendages have been more or less lost (some basal lineages retain small remnants that do not function as walking legs) (Grimaldi & Engel 2005).
<==Panhexapoda
|--Devonohexapodus bocksbergensis Haas, Waloszek & Haretenberger 2003 GE05, FT05
|--+--Wingertshellicus backsei Briggs & Bartels 2001 GE05, FT05
| `--Cambronatus brasseli Briggs & Bartels 2001 GE05, FT05
`--Hexapoda [Apterygota, Ellipura, Entognatha, Entotropha, Nonoculata, Parainsecta] GE05
| i. s.: Leverhulmia Anderson & Trewin 2003 FT05
| `--*L. mariae Anderson & Trewin 2003 FT05
|--+--Collembola LSE13
| `--+--Diplura LSE13
| `--Insecta LSE13
`--Protura [Acerentomida, Myrientomata] GE05
| i. s.: Protapteron [Protapteridae] W39
| `--P. indicum W39
|--Eosentomidae [Eosentomoidea] CI90
| |--Isoentomon serinus Szeptycki 2004 F05
| |--Styletoentomon CI90
| `--Eosentomon Berlese 1910 W39
| |--E. canarinum Szeptycki 2004 F05
| |--E. millsi Womersley 1939 [incl. E. millsi var. australica Womersley 1939] W39
| |--E. swani Womersley 1932 W39
| |--E. transitorium BDF73
| `--E. westraliense Womersley 1932 W39
`--Acerentomoidea CI90
|--Protentomidae [Meroentominae, Protentominae, Proturentominae] CI90
| |--Hesperentomon CI90
| |--Protentomon CI90 [incl. Meroentomon W39]
| |--Neocondeellum CI90
| `--Proturentomon CI90 [incl. Paraentomon W39]
| `--P. minimum CI90
`--Acerentomidae [Acerentominae] CI90
|--Fjellbergella CI90
|--Tuxenentulus CI90
|--Proacerella CI90
|--Gracilentulus CI90
|--Berberentulus CI90
|--Baculentulus tianmushanensis CI90, MG06
|--Vesiculentomon CI90
|--Yamatentomon CI90
|--Filientomon CI90
|--Nipponentomon CI90
|--Verrucoentomon canadense (Tuxen 1955) (see below for synonymy) CI90
|--Alaskaentomon CI90
|--Paracerella Imadaté 1980 CI90
|--Microentomon W39
|--Acerentomon Silvestri 1907 W39
| |--*A. doderoi Silvestri 1907 W39
| `--A. majus BDF73
`--Acerentulus LSE13 [incl. Acerentuloides W39]
|--A. australiensis Womersley 1932 W39
|--A. occidentalis Womersley 1932 W39
|--A. sexspinatus Womersley 1936 W39
|--A. tillyardi Womersley 1932 W39
|--A. traegardhi BDF73
`--A. westraliensis Womersley 1932 W39
Verrucoentomon canadense (Tuxen 1955) [=Acerella canadensis, Nosekiella canadensis] CI90
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BDF73] Baccetti, B., R. Dallai & B. Fratello. 1973. The spermatozoon of Arthropoda. XXII. The '12+0', '14+0' or aflagellate sperm of Protura. Journal of Cell Science 13: 321-335.
[CI90] Copeland, T. P., & G. Imadaté. 1990. Insecta: Protura. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 911-933. John Wiley & Sones: New York.
[FT05] Fayers, S. R., & N. H. Trewin. 2005. A hexapod from the Early Devonian Windyfield Chert, Rhynie, Scotland. Palaeontology 48 (5): 1117-1130.
[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261-282.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[LSE13] Legg, D. A., M. D. Sutton & G. D. Edgecombe. 2013. Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies. Nature Communications 4 (2485): 1-7.
[MG06] Mallatt, J., & G. Giribet. 2006. Further use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA genes to classify Ecdysozoa: 37 more arthropods and a kinorhynch. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 772-794.
[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.
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