Crematogaster

Crematogaster scutellaris, copyright Philippe Garcelon.

Belongs within: Meranoplini.

Crematogaster is a pantropical genus of ants characterised by a heart-shaped gaster with the postpetiole attached to its upper surface; the petiole is flattened and the postpetiole is often bilobed in dorsal view (Heterick 2009). Though the genus as a whole is readily recognised, subordinate taxa are less so: species are often very variable and though several subgenera have been recognised, they are poorly defined and often doubtful validity.

<==Crematogaster Lund 1831 Z01 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*C. (Crematogaster) scutellaris (Oliver 1791) [=Formica scutellaris] Z01
    |--C. (Decacrema) borneensis FJ99
    `--C. (Orthocrema) H09
         |--C. (O.) dispar Forel 1902 H09, TB85 [=Cremastogaster sordidula dispar TB85]
         `--C. (O.) queenslandica Forel 1902 H09, TB85 [=Cremastogaster sordidula queenslandica TB85]
              |--C. q. queenslandica TB85
              |--C. q. froggatti Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster sordidula froggatti] TB85
              |--C. q. gilberti Forel 1910 [=Cremastogaster sordidula gilberti] TB85
              |--C. q. rogans Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster sordidula rogans] TB85
              `--C. q. scabrula Emery 1914 [=C. froggatti scabrula] TB85

Crematogaster incertae sedis:
  C. aberrans Forel 1892 [incl. Myrmica diffusa Jerdon 1851, C. diffusa, C. aberrans var. inglebyi] B03
  C. aegyptiaca G89
  C. anthracina Smith 1857 B03
  C. apicalis Motsch. 1865 B03
  C. artifex Mayr 1879 [=C. dohrni artifex; incl. C. dohrni artifex var. macaoensis Wheeler 1928] Z01
  C. australis Mayr 1876 [=Cremastogaster australis] TB85
    |--C. a. australis TB85
    |--C. a. chillagoensis Forel 1915 [=Cremastogaster australis chillagoensis] TB85
    `--C. a. sycites Forel 1916 [=Cremastogaster australis sycites] TB85
  C. baduvi N-ZLI11
  C. biroi Mayr 1897 [incl. C. biroi var. aitkeni, C. biroi var. symthiesi] B03
  C. bouvardi N-ZLI11
  C. brunnescens Motsch. 1865 B03
  C. buddhae Forel 1902 B03
  C. castanea G89
  C. contemta Mayr 1878 B03
  C. cornigera Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster cornigera] TB85
  C. dalyi Forel 1902 B03
  C. deponens Walk. 1859 B03
  C. difformis Smith 1857 B03
  C. dohrni Mayr 1878 B03
  C. ebenina Forel 1902 B03
  C. egidyi Forel 1903 Z01
  C. emeryana BS06
  C. eurydice Forel 1915 [=Cremastogaster (Atopogyne) eurydice] TB85
  C. ferrarii Emery 1887 B03
  C. flava Forel 1886 B03
  C. forticula Walk. 1859 B03
  C. frivola Forel 1902 TB85 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. f. frivola TB85
    `--C. f. sculpticeps Forel 1907 [=Cremastogaster frivola sculpticeps] TB85
  C. fusca Mayr 1876 [=Cremastogaster fusca] TB85
  C. gavipaga N-ZLI11
  C. himalayana Forel 1902 B03
  C. hodgsoni Forel 1902 B03
  C. inflata Smith 1857 B03
  C. kirbii (Sykes 1835) [=Myrmica kirbii] B03
  C. kneri A61
  C. kutteri Viehmeyer 1924 [=Cremastogaster kutteri] TB85
  C. laeviceps Smith 1858 TB85
    |--C. l. laeviceps TB85
    |--C. l. broomensis Forel 1915 [=Cremastogaster laeviceps broomensis] TB85
    |--C. l. chasei Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster laeviceps chasei] TB85
    `--C. l. clarior Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster laeviceps clarior] TB85
  C. longiceps Forel 1910 [=Cremastogaster longiceps] TB85
    |--C. l. longiceps TB85
    `--C. l. curticeps Wheeler 1915 TB85
  C. longipilosa N-ZLI11
  C. millardi Forel 1902 B03
  C. mjobergi Forel 1915 [=Cremastogaster mjobergi] TB85
  C. mogdiliani (Emery 1900) [=Tapinoma mogdiliani] B03
  C. ocellata N-ZLI11
  C. osakensis Forel 1900 [=C. sordidula var. osakensis; incl. C. sordidula var. japonica Forel 1912] Z01
  C. pallens Walk. 1859 B03
  C. pallida Lowne 1865 [=C. pallidus] TB85
  C. pallipes Mayr 1862 (see below for synonymy) TB85
  C. perelegans Forel 1902 B03
  C. physothorax Emery 1889 [=C. difformis physothorax] B03
  C. politula Forel 1902 [=C. subnuda politula] B03
  C. pythia Forel 1915 [=Cremastogaster pythia] TB85
  C. ransonneti Mayr 1868 B03
  C. rogenhoferi Mayr 1878 B03
  C. ronganensis Zhou 2001 Z01
  C. rothneyi Mayr 1878 [incl. C. rothneyi var. civa] B03
  C. rufa (Jerdon 1851) [=Myrmica rufa] B03
  C. rufotestacea Mayr 1876 [=Cremastogaster rufotestacea] TB85
    |--C. r. rufotestacea TB85
    `--C. r. dentinasis Santschi 1929 [=C. (Orthocrema) rufotestacea dentinasis] TB85
  C. sagei Forel 1902 B03
  C. scita Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster scita] TB85
    |--C. s. scita TB85
    `--C. s. mixta Forel 1902 [=Cremastogaster scita mixta] TB85
  C. sewardi N-ZLI11
  C. soror Forel 1902 B03
  C. stolli S10
  C. subnuda Mayr 1878 [incl. C. subnuda rabula] B03
  C. travancorensis Forel 1902 B03
  C. treubi FJ99
  C. vagula Wheeler 1928 [=C. matsumurai vagula] Z01
  C. walshi Forel 1902 B03
  C. whitei Wheeler 1915 TB85
  C. wroughtoni Forel 1902 B03
  C. xerophila Wheeler 1915 TB85
    |--C. x. xerophila TB85
    `--C. x. exigua Wheeler 1915 TB85

Crematogaster Lund 1831 Z01 [=Cremastogaster Mayr 1861 TB85; incl. Acrocoelia Mayr 1852 Z01, Transpeltoides Wheeler 1922 Z01]

Crematogaster frivola Forel 1902 TB85 [=Cremastogaster frivolus TB85; incl. Cremat. perthensis Crawley 1922 H09, TB85]

Crematogaster pallipes Mayr 1862 [=Cremastogaster pallipes, Cremas. pallidipes Dalla Torre 1893; incl. Crematogaster piceus Lowne 1865] TB85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Andreae, H. 1961. Coleoptera: Cossyphodidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 198–216. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[B03] Bingham, C. T. 1903. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera vol. 2. Ants and Cuckoo-Wasps. Taylor and Francis: London.

[BS06] Brady, S. G., T. R. Schultz, B. L. Fisher & P. S. Ward. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103 (48): 18172–18177.

[FJ99] Fiala, B., A. Jakob, U. Maschwitz & K. E. Linsenmair. 1999. Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 66: 305–331.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[H09] Heterick, B. E. 2009. A guide to the ants of south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 76: 1–206.

[N-ZLI11] Nur-Zati A. M., G. T. Lim & A. B. Idris. 2011. Checklist of ants of selected hill dipterocarp forests of peninsular Malaysia. Serangga 16 (1): 91–105.

[S10] Swann, J. E. 2010. Milichiidae (milichiid flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1125–1136. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[TB85] Taylor, R. W., & D. R. Brown. 1985. Formicoidea. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 2. Hymenoptera: Formicoidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea pp. 1–149. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[Z01] Zhou, S. 2001. Ants of Guangxi. Guangxi Normal University Press: Guilin (China).

Last updated: 13 June 2020.