Eutherapsida

Reconstruction of Ulemosaurus svijagensis, copyright Dmitry Bogdanov.

Belongs within: Therapsida.
Contains: Dicynodontia, Cynodontia.

The Eutherapsida are the clade of synapsids uniting modern mammals with the Permian Dinocephalia. Members of the clade are characterised by a bowing of the zygomatic arch and increase in size of the temporal fenestra, together with loss of the olecranon ulnae and reduction of the fifth pedal digit to three phalanges.

<==Eutherapsida [Anomodontia, Cryptodontia] S03
    |  i. s.: Theriognathus Broom 1920 C07, D07
    |           `--T. microps D07
    |         Endothiodon [Endothiodontia] C07
    |         Dromasauria R61
    |           |--Galeops R61
    |           |--Galechirus R61
    |           `--Galepus R61
    |--+--Dicynodontia S03
    |  `--Theriodontia [Therosauria] S03
    |       |  i. s.: Binaralia C07
    |       |           |--Lycosaurus C07
    |       |           `--Tigrisuchus C07
    |       |         Inostrancevia [Inostranceviidae] C07
    |       |           |--I. annae C07
    |       |           `--I. uralensis Tatarinov 1974 TT05
    |       |         Ericiolacerta Watson 1931 [Ericiolacertidae] D07
    |       |           `--E. parva D07
    |       |--Gorgonops C07 [Gennetotheria, Gorgonopsia S03, Tectinaralia]
    |       `--Eutheriodontia HK01
    |            |--Cynodontia S03
    |            `--Therocephalia S03
    |                 |  i. s.: Lycosuchus HK01
    |                 |         Promoschorhynchus S03
    |                 |--Bauria HK01 [Bauriamorpha, Baurioidea K88]
    |                 `--Whaitsiidae K88
    `--Dinocephalia S03
         |  i. s.: Rhopalodon TT05
         |         Sinophoneus Cheng & Ji 1996 CL97
         |         Microsyodon orlovi CL97
         |         Estemmenosuchus Tchudinov 1960 D07 [Estemmenosuchidae TT05]
         |           |--E. mirabilis D07
         |           `--E. uralensis D07
         |--Stenocybus Cheng & Li 1997 [Stenocybusidae] CL97
         |    `--*S. acidentatus Cheng & Li 1997 CL97
         `--+--Tapinocephalidae [Tapinocephalia, Tretospondylia] CL97
            |    |--Tapinocephalus C07
            |    `--Ulemosaurus Rjabinin 1938 TT05, D07
            |         |--U. gigas TT05
            |         `--U. svijagensis D07
            `--Anteosauridae [Anteosauria] CL97
                 |--Titanophoneus adamanteus (Orlov 1958) CL97, TT05
                 |--Deuterosaurus jubilaei (von Nopcsa 1928) TT05
                 |--Syodon CL97
                 |--Australosyodon CL97
                 `--Anteosaurus Watson 1921 D07
                      `--A. magnificus D07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C07] Case, E. C. 1907. Revision of the Pelycosauria of North America. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication 55: 1–176, 35 pls.

[CL97] Cheng Z. & Li J. 1997. A new genus of primitive dinocephalian—the third report on Late Permian Dashankou lower tetrapod fauna. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 35 (1): 35–43.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[HK01] Hopson, J. A., & J. W. Kitching. 2001. A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 156 (1): 5–35.

[K88] Kemp, T. S. 1988. Interrelationships of the Synapsida. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 2. Mammals pp. 1–22. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[R61] Romer, A. S. 1961. Synapsid evolution and dentition. In: Vandebroek, G. (ed.) International Colloquium on the Evolution of Lower and Non Specialized Mammals. Koninklijke Vlaames Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van Belgie—Klasse der Wetenschapen 1961 (1): 9–56.

[S03] Sidor, C. A. 2003. The naris and palate of Lycaenodon longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their early evolution in the Therapsida. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 977–984.

[TT05] Tverdokhlebov, V. P., G. I. Tverdokhlebova, A. V. Minikh, M. V. Surkov & M. J. Benton. 2005. Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia. Earth-Science Reviews 69: 27–77.