Arctocyonidae

Reconstruction of Arctocyon by Dmitry Bogdanov.

Belongs within: Ferae.

The Arctocyonidae are a group of probably omnivorous mammals known from the Palaeocene and early Eocene of Europe and North America. They are generalised in morphology, with more or less tritubercular teeth, simple premolars, and moderately long limbs with paraxonic feet and claw-like unguals.

<==Arctocyonidae [Arctocyoninae]
    |--+--Protogonodon pentacus PMF88, S35
    |  `--Deuterogonodon Simpson 1935 PMF88, S35
    |       `--*D. montanus Gidley in Simpson 1935 [=Protogonodon montanus Gidley in Simpson 1935 (n. n.)] S35
    `--+--Mimotricentes PMF88
       `--+--Mentoclaenodon PMF88
          `--+--+--Procynictis V66
             |  `--Arctocyonides ferox PMF88, V66
             `--Arctocyon PMF88
                  |--*A. primaevus de Blainville 1841 HUG17
                  |--A. corrugatus HUG17
                  `--A. ferox PMF88

Arctocyonidae incertae sedis:
  Loxolophus [Loxolophinae] MC00
    |--L. hyattianus HUG17
    |--L. pentacus HUG17
    `--L. priscus HUG17
  Spanoxydon Simpson 1935 S35
    `--*S. latrunculus Simpson 1935 S35
  Carcinodon GH88
  Deltatherium [incl. Lipodectes Cope 1881] V66
    `--D. fundaminis V66
  Prothryptacodon Simpson 1935 PMF88, S35
    `--*P. furens Simpson 1935 S35
  Tricentes PMF88
    |--T. latidens Gidley in Simpson 1935 S35
    `--T. subtrigonus S35
  ‘Tetraclaenodon’ minor (Matthew 1897) T90

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GH88] Gentry, A. W., & J. J. Hooker. 1988. The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 2. Mammals pp. 235–272. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[HUG17] Halliday, T. J. D., P. Upchurch & A. Goswami. 2017. Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals. Biological Reviews 92 (1): 521–550.

[MC00] Muizon, C. de, & R. L. Cifelli. 2000. The “condylarths” (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): implications on the origin of the South American ungulates. Geodiversitas 22 (1): 47–150.

[PMF88] Prothero, D. R., E. M. Manning & M. Fischer. 1988. The phylogeny of the ungulates. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 2. Mammals pp. 201–234. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[S35] Simpson, G. G. 1935. New Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83 (2981): 221–244.

[T90] Thewissen, J. G. M. 1990. Evolution of Paleocene and Eocene Phenacodontidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra). Museum of Paleontology Papers on Paleontology 29: 1–107.

[V66] Van Valen, L. 1966. Deltatheridia, a new order of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132 (1): 1–126.