Strephocladina

Life restoration of Synomaloptila longipennis, from Rasnitsyn (2002).

Belongs within: Paraneoptera.

The Strephocladina are a group of insects known from the Middle Carboniferous to Late Permian. They may have been specialised for feeding on plant seeds and ovules.

Characters (from Rasnitsyn 2002): Body relatively large and heavy; head long; wings often polyneurous, rest position either roof-like or horizontal.

<==Strephocladina
    |--Synomaloptila [Synomaloptilidae] R02
    |    `--S. longipennis R02
    `--+--Hypermegethes [Hypermegethidae] R02
       |--Permarrhaphidae [Strephoneuridae] R02
       |    |--Strephoneura robusta R02
       |    |--Pseudoedischia berthaudi R02
       |    `--Permarrhaphus venosus R02
       `--Anthracoptilidae [Strephocladidae] R02
            |--Mycteroptila armipotens R02
            |--Strephocladus subtilis R02
            |--Anthracoptilus perrieri R02
            |--Ischnoneurona Handlirsch 1919 R02, BN05
            |    `--*I. delicatula (Brongniart 1893) [=Ischnoneura delicatula] BN05
            `--Mesoptilus R02
                 |--M. dolloi R02
                 |--M. fayolianus R02
                 `--M. sellardsi R02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BN05] Béthoux, O., & A. Nel. 2005. Some Palaeozoic ‘Protorthoptera’ are ‘ancestral’ orthopteroids: Major wing braces as clues to a new split among the ‘Protorthoptera’ (Insecta). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2 (4): 285-309.

[R02] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002. Cohors Cimiciformes Laicharting, 1781. In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 104-115. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.