Belongs within: Emberizoidea.
Contains: Emberiza capensis, Emberiza schoeniclus.
The Emberizidae includes the buntings of Eurasia and Africa, small, conical-billed passerines that have mostly been classified in the genus Emberiza. Most species are patterned in dull colours, though there are exceptions. The buntings of the genus Emberiza are mostly coloured in brown with streaks of black, white and grey, sometimes marked with yellow, and usually with the outer tail feathers partly or wholly white (Austin 1961). The crested bunting Melophus lathami, found between northern India and southern China, is mostly brown in the female but shiny black with rufous wings and tail in the male. The male of the slaty bunting Latoucheornis siemsseni of southern China is mostly slate-grey in coloration with a white belly and vent (Rising et al. 2011).
Emberizidae [Emberizinae, Emberizini]
|--Ammospiza maritima FP64, USDI77
| |--A. m. maritima USDI77
| |--A. m. mirabilis USDI77
| `--A. m. nigrescens USDI77
|--Oreothraupis Sclater 1856 RJ11
| `--O. arremonops (Sclater 1855) [=Saltator arremonops] RJ11
|--Piezorina Lafresnaye 1843 [=Piezorhina] RJ11
| `--P. cinerea (Lafresnaye 1843) [=Guiraca cinerea] RJ11
|--Xenospingus Cabanis 1867 RJ11
| `--X. concolor (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837) [=Sylvia concolor] RJ11
|--Torreornis Barbour & Peters 1927 RJ11
| `--T. inexpectata Barbour & Peters 1927 RJ11
| |--T. i. inexpectata RJ11
| |--T. i. sigmani Spence & Smith 1961 RJ11
| `--T. i. varonai Regalado Ruiz 1981 RJ11
|--Urothraupis Taczanowski & Berlepsch 1885 JT12, H11
| `--U. stolzmanni Taczanowski & Berlepsch 1885 H11
|--Charitospiza Oberholser 1905 RJ11
| `--C. eucosma Oberholser 1905 [incl. Fringilla ornata (preoc.)] RJ11
|--Coryphaspiza Gray 1840 RJ11
| `--C. melanotis (Temminck 1822) [=Emberizoides melanotis] RJ11
| |--C. m. melanotis RJ11
| `--C. m. marajoara Sick 1967 RJ11
|--Incaspiza Ridgway 1898 RJ11
| |--I. laeta (Salvin 1895) [=Haemophila laeta] RJ11
| |--I. ortizi Zimmer 1952 RJ11
| |--I. personata (Salvin 1895) [=Haemophila personata] RJ11
| |--I. pulchra (Sclater 1886) [=Haemophila pulchra] RJ11
| `--I. watkinsi Chapman 1925 RJ11
|--Buarremon mesoxanthus Salvin 1866 S66
`--Emberiza Linnaeus 1758 CC10
| i. s.: E. alario Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. atrata Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. cineracea Brehm 1855 RJ11
| |--E. c. cineracea RJ11
| `--E. c. semenowi Zarudny 1904 RJ11
| E. familiaris Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. flaveola Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. koslowi Bianchi 1904 RJ11
| E. orix Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. psittacea Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. poliopleura (Salvadori 1888) [=Fringillaria poliopleura] RJ11
| E. psittacea Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. quelea Linnaeus 1758 L58
| E. sahari Levaillant 1850 [incl. E. s. sanghae, E. s. theresae] RJ11
| E. socotrana (Ogilvie & Grant 1899) [=Fringillaria socotrana] RJ11
| E. vincenti (Lowe 1932) JT12, RJ11 [=E. capensis vincenti RJ11]
|--+--+--E. cabanisi (Reichenow 1875) JT12, RJ11 [=Polymitra (Fringillaria) cabanisi RJ11]
| | | |--E. c. cabanisi RJ11
| | | |--E. c. cognominata (Grote 1931) RJ11
| | | `--E. c. orientalis (Shelley 1882) RJ11
| | `--E. flaviventris Stephens 1815 JT12, RJ11
| | |--E. f. flaviventris [incl. E. f. carychroa, E. f. kalaharica] RJ11
| | |--E. f. flavigaster Cretzschmar 1828 [=E. xanthogaster (l. c.)] S05
| | `--E. f. princeps Clancey & Winterbottom 1960 RJ11
| `--+--E. capensis JT12
| `--+--E. impetuani Smith 1836 JT12, RJ11
| | |--E. i. impetuani [incl. E. i. eremica] RJ11
| | `--E. i. sloggetti (Macdonald 1957) RJ11
| `--+--E. striolata (Lichtenstein 1823) JT12, RJ11 [=Fringilla striolata RJ11]
| | |--E. s. striolata RJ11
| | |--E. s. jebelmarrae (Lynes 1920) RJ11
| | `--E. s. saturatior (Sharpe 1901) RJ11
| `--E. tahapisi Smith 1836 JT12, RJ11 [=Fringillaria tahapisi B93]
| |--E. t. tahapisi S05
| |--E. t. arabica (Lorenz von Liburnau & Hellmayr 1902) RJ11
| |--E. t. goslingi (Alexander 1906) RJ11
| |--E. t. insularis (Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes 1899) RJ11
| |--E. t. nivenorum (Winterbottom 1965) RJ11 [=Fringillaria tahapisi nivenorum B93]
| `--E. t. septemstriata Rüppell 1837 S05
`--+--+--+--Latoucheornis Bangs 1931 JT12, RJ11
| | | `--L. siemsseni (Martens 1906) [=Junco siemsseni] RJ11
| | `--E. elegans Temminck 1836 JT12, RJ11 [=Cristemberiza elegans RJ11]
| | |--E. e. elegans [incl. E. e. ticehursti VP89]
| | `--E. e. elegantula Swinhoe 1870 RJ11
| `--+--+--E. yessoensis (Swinhoe 1874) JT12, I92 (see below for synonymy)
| | | |--E. y. yessoensis RJ11
| | | `--E. y. continentalis Witherby 1913 RJ11
| | `--+--E. pallasi (Cabanis 1851) JT12, RJ11 [=Cynchramus pallasi RJ11, Schoeniclus pallasi RJ11]
| | | |--E. p. pallasi [incl. E. p. montana, E. p. suschkiniana] RJ11
| | | |--E. p. lydiae Portenko 1929 RJ11
| | | `--E. p. polaris Middendorff 1853 [incl. E. p. latolineata] RJ11
| | `--E. schoeniclus JT12
| `--+--+--E. chrysophrys Pallas 1776 BKB15, RJ11 [=Ocyris chrysophrys RJ11]
| | `--+--E. tristrami Swinhoe 1870 JT12, RJ11 [=Ocyris tristrami RJ11]
| | `--E. variabilis Temminck 1836 JT12, RJ11 [=Ocyris variabilis RJ11]
| `--+--E. sulphurata Temminck & Schlegel 1848 BKB15, RJ11 [=Ocyris sulphurata RJ11]
| `--+--+--E. aureola Pallas 1773 BKB15, M01 [=Euspiza aureola S89, Ocyris aureola RJ11]
| | | |--E. a. aureola RJ11
| | | `--E. a. ornata Shulpin 1928 RJ11
| | `--E. spodocephala Pallas 1776 JT12, RJ11 [=Ocyris spodocephala RJ11]
| | |--E. s. spodocephala [incl. E. s. extremiorientis, E. s. oligoxantha] RJ11
| | |--E. s. personata Temminck 1836 RJ11
| | `--E. s. sordida Blyth 1845 RJ11
| `--+--E. rutila Pallas 1776 BKB15, RJ11 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--E. pusilla Pallas 1776 BKB15, M01 [=Ocyris pusilla RJ11]
| `--+--E. fucata Pallas 1776 BKB15, RJ11 [=E. fuscata S89]
| | |--E. f. fucata RJ11
| | |--E. f. arcuata Sharpe 1888 RJ11
| | `--E. f. kuatunensis La Touche 1925 [incl. E. fucata fluviatilis] RJ11
| `--E. rustica Pallas 1776 BKB15, M01 [=Ocyris rustica RJ11]
| |--E. r. rustica RJ11
| `--E. r. latifascia Portenko 1930 RJ11
`--+--+--Melophus Swainson 1837 JT12, RJ11
| | |--M. lathami (Gray 1831) [=Emberiza lathami; incl. M. lathami subcristata] RJ11
| | `--M. melanicterus S89
| `--+--E. bruniceps Brandt 1841 JT12, RJ11 [incl. E. icteria RJ11]
| `--E. melanocephala Scopoli 1769 JT12, RJ11
`--+--E. calandra Linnaeus 1758 BKB15, L58 [=Miliaria calandra JT12]
| |--E. c. calandra (see below for synonymy) RJ11
| |--E. c. buturlini Johansen 1907 RJ11
| `--E. c. clanceyi Meinertzhagen 1947 RJ11
`--+--+--E. jankowskii Taczanowski 1888 JT12, RJ11
| `--+--E. cioides Brandt 1843 BKB15, M01
| | |--E. c. cioides [incl. E. c. tangutorum] RJ11
| | |--E. c. castaneiceps Moore 1856 RJ11
| | |--E. c. ciopsis Bonaparte 1850 [incl. E. c. shiretokoensis] RJ11
| | |--E. c. tarbagataica Sushkin 1925 RJ11
| | `--E. c. weigoldi Jacobi 1923 [incl. E. c. ussuriensis, E. c. vagans] RJ11
| `--+--E. cia Linnaeus 1766 BKB15, RJ11
| | |--E. c. cia [incl. E. c. africana, E. c. callensis, E. c. mokrzechyi] RJ11
| | |--E. c. flemingorum Martens 1972 RJ11
| | |--E. c. par Hartert 1904 (see below for synonymy) RJ11
| | `--E. c. stracheyi Moore 1856 RJ11
| `--E. godlewskii Taczanowski 1874 BKB15, RJ11
| |--E. g. godlewskii [incl. E. g. gobica, E. g. nanshanica] RJ11
| |--E. g. decolorata Sushkin 1925 RJ11
| |--E. g. khamensis Sushkin 1925 RJ11 [=E. cia khamensis A02]
| |--E. g. omissa Rothschild 1921 [incl. E. g. bangsi, E. g. styani] RJ11
| `--E. g. yunnanensis Sharpe 1902 RJ11
`--+--+--E. buchanani Blyth 1845 JT12, RJ11
| | |--E. b. buchanani RJ11
| | |--E. b. cerrutii De Filippi 1863 RJ11
| | `--E. b. neobscura Paynter 1970 RJ11
| `--+--E. caesia Cretzschmar 1827 JT12, RJ11
| `--E. hortulana Linnaeus 1758 JT12, CC10
`--+--E. cirlus Linnaeus 1766 JT12, CC10 [incl. E. c. nigrostriata RJ11, E. c. portucaliae RJ11]
`--+--E. stewarti (Blyth 1854) JT12, RJ11 [=Euspiza stewarti RJ11]
`--+--*E. citrinella Linnaeus 1758 CC10, JT12, CC10
| |--E. c. citrinella CC10
| |--E. c. caliginosa Clancey 1940 CC10
| `--E. c. erythrogenys Brehm 1855 RJ11
`--E. leucocephalos Gmelin 1771 JT12, RJ11
|--E. l. leucocephalos [incl. E. l. karpovi, E. l. stachanowi] RJ11
`--E. l. fronto Stresemann 1930 RJ11
Inorganic: Emberiza variabilis minilorientalis Okamura 1987 O87
Emberiza calandra calandra Linnaeus 1758 [incl. E. calandra algeriensis, E. calandra graeca, E. calandra ignobilis, E. calandra kleinschmidti, E. calandra sarmatia, E. calandra thanneri, E. calandra volhynica] RJ11
Emberiza cia par Hartert 1904 [incl. E. c. lasdini, E. c. prageri, E. c. serebrowskii] RJ11
Emberiza rutila Pallas 1776 BKB15, RJ11 [=Euspiza rutila S89, Ocyris rutila RJ11; incl. Emberiza rutila pamirensis RJ11]
Emberiza yessoensis (Swinhoe 1874) JT12, I92 [=Schoenicola yessoensis RJ11, Schoeniclus yessoensis RJ11]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[A02] Andheria, A. P. 2002. Sighting of the rock bunting Emberiza cia Linn. in Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 93 (3): 536–537.
[B93] Brooke, R. K. 1993. Annotated catalogue of the Aves type specimens in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 102 (10): 327–349.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.
[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.
[H11] Hilty, S. L. 2011. Family Thraupidae (tanagers). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 46–329. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.
[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[O87] Okamura, C. 1987. New facts: Homo and all Vertebrata were born simultaneously in the former Paleozoic in Japan. Original Report of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory 15: 347–573.
[RJ11] Rising, J. D., A. Jaramillo, J. L. Copete, P. G. Ryan & S. C. Madge. 2011. Family Emberizidae (buntings and New World sparrows). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 428–683. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX.—Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a, 7: 369–438.
[S66] Salvin, O. 1866. Descriptions of eight new species of birds from Veragua. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 67–76.
[S05] Steinheimer, F. D. 2005. Eduard Rüppel’s avian types at the Natural History Museum, Tring (Aves). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 233–264.
[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.
[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.
Last updated: 5 July 2019.
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