Samooidea

Features of Anaceros pauliani, from Lawrence (1959).

Belongs within: Grassatores.
Contains: Stenostygninae, Hinzuanius, Metabiantes, Biantes, Samoidae, Stygnomma.

The Samooidea are a group of laniatorean harvestmen found in Africa and the Neotropics that commonly possess a scopula and a sexually dimorphic metatarsus III (Sharma & Giribet 2011). Families of the Samooidea include the Biantidae, in which the eyes are not borne on a central eyemound but widely separated on the carapace.

See also: Biantidae: the importance of titillators.

<==Samooidea [Biantoidea]
    |--Biantidae [Biantoidae, Hinzuanidae] SG11
    |    |--Zairebiantes Kauri 1985 S92 [Zairebiantinae KPG07]
    |    |    `--*Z. microphthalmus Kauri 1985 S92
    |    |--Lacurbsinae KSP-G15
    |    |    |--Lacurbs Sørensen 1896 S92 [Lacurbsinae KPG07]
    |    |    |    |--L. nigrimana Roewer 1912 [=L. nigrimanus] S92
    |    |    |    `--L. spinosa Sørensen 1896 S92
    |    |    |--Eulacurbs Roewer 1949 KSP-G15, S92
    |    |    |    `--*E. paradoxa Roewer 1949 S92
    |    |    |--Metalacurbs Roewer 1914 KSP-G15, S92
    |    |    |    |--*M. simoni Roewer 1915 S92, KSP-G15
    |    |    |    |--M. cornipes (Roewer 1958) [=Prolacurbs cornines (l. c.)] S92
    |    |    |    |--M. oedipus (Roewer 1958) [=Prolacurbs oedipus] S92
    |    |    |    `--M. villiersi (Roewer 1953) [=Prolacurbs villiersi] S92
    |    |    `--Prolacurbs Roewer 1949 KSP-G15, S92
    |    |         `--*P. singularis Roewer 1949 S92
    |    |--Stenostygninae P-GAB09
    |    `--Biantinae KPG07
    |         |--Hinzuanius R23
    |         |--Metabiantes KPG07
    |         |--Eubiantes Roewer 1915 R23, S92
    |         |    `--*E. africanus Roewer 1915 S92
    |         |--Acudorsum Loman 1902 R23, S92
    |         |    `--*A. albimanum Loman 1902 S92
    |         |--Hoplobiantes Roewer 1915 R23
    |         |--Cryptobiantes Kauri 1961 K61
    |         |    `--*C. protector Kauri 1961 S92
    |         |--Fageibiantes Roewer 1949 KPG07, S92
    |         |    |--*F. bicornis (Fage 1946) [=Biantes bicornis, Fageibantes (l. c.) bicornis] S92
    |         |    `--F. bispina Lawrence 1959 [=Fageibantes (l. c.) bispina] S92
    |         |--Biantessus Roewer 1949 K61, S92
    |         |    |--*B. nigrotarsus (Lawrence 1933) [=Metabiantes nigrotarsus] S92
    |         |    `--B. vertebralis (Lawrence 1933) S92 [=Metabiantes vertebralis S92, *Biantanius vertebralis L63]
    |         |--Biantes S89
    |         |--Monobiantes Lawrence 1962 L62
    |         |    `--*M. benoiti Lawrence 1962 S92
    |         |--Biantomma Roewer 1942 L62, S92
    |         |    `--*B. nigrospinosum Roewer 1942 S92
    |         |--Clinobiantes Roewer 1927 L62, S92
    |         |    `--*C. paradoxus Roewer 1927 S92
    |         |--Biantella Roewer 1927 L62, S92
    |         |    `--*B. reticulata Roewer 1927 S92
    |         |--Anaceros Lawrence 1959 KSP-G15
    |         |    |--*A. humilis Lawrence 1959 S92
    |         |    |--A. anodonta Lawrence 1959 S92
    |         |    |--A. canidens Lawrence 1959 S92
    |         |    `--A. pauliani Lawrence 1959 S92
    |         |--Hirstienus Roewer 1949 KSP-G15, SPG11
    |         |    `--*H. nanus (Hirst 1913) [=Phalangodes nanus] SPG11
    |         |--Hovanoceros Lawrence 1959 KSP-G15, S92
    |         |    `--*H. bison Lawrence 1959 S92
    |         |--Ivobiantes Lawrence 1965 KSP-G15, S92
    |         |    `--*I. spinipalpis Lawrence 1965 S92
    |         |--Malgaceros Lawrence 1959 KSP-G15, KP-G15
    |         |    `--*M. boviceps Lawrence 1959 S92
    |         |--Probiantes croceus Roewer 1927 KSP-G15
    |         `--Tetebius Roewer 1949 KSP-G15, KP-G15
    |              `--*T. latibunus Roewer 1949 S92
    `--+--Samoidae SG11
       `--Stygnommatidae SG11
            |--Stygnomma SG11
            `--Stygnomimus Roewer 1927 SG11, KP-G15
                 |--*S. conopygus Roewer 1927 [=Stignomimus conopygus] KP-G15
                 `--S. malayensis Suzuki 1969 [=Stignomimus malayensis] KP-G15

Nomen nudum: Lacurbs fernandopoensis Prieto 1999 SP10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K61] Kauri, H. 1961. Opiliones. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck. South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 9–197. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[KPG07] Kury, A. B., & Pérez González, A. 2007. Biantidae Thorell, 1889. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 176–179. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[KP-G15] Kury, A. B., & A. Pérez-González. 2015. A companion to part 2 of the world checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida): Laniatores—Samooidea, Zalmoxoidea and Grassatores incertae sedis. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6663.

[KSP-G15] Kury, A. B., D. R. Souza & A. Pérez-González. 2015. World checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida). Part 2: Laniatores—Samooidea, Zalmoxoidea and Grassatores incertae sedis. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6482.

[L62] Lawrence, R. F. 1962. Resultats scientifiques des missions zoologiques de l'I.R.S.A.C. en Afrique orientale (P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup, 1957). LXXIV. Opiliones. Annales du Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale: Sciences Zoologiques 110: 9–89.

[L63] Lawrence, R. F. 1963. The Opiliones of the Transvaal. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 24 (4): 275–304.

[P-GAB09] Pérez-González, A., & A. Alegre Barroso. 2009. On the enigmatic Heterolacurbs ovalis Roewer, 1912 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Biantidae). Zootaxa 2269: 65–67.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[SP10] Santos, R., & C. E. Prieto. 2010. Los Assamiidae (Opiliones: Assamiidae) de Río Muni (Guinea Ecuatorial), con la descripción de ocho nuevas especies. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58 (1): 203–243.

[SG11] Sharma, P. P. & G. Giribet. 2011. The evolutionary and biogeographic history of the armoured harvestmen—Laniatores phylogeny based on ten molecular markers, with the description of two new families of Opiliones (Arachnida). Invertebrate Systematics 25: 106–142.

[SPG11] Sharma, P. P., C. E. Prieto & G. Giribet. 2011. A new family of Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Afrotropics. Invertebrate Systematics 25: 143–154.

[S89] Staręga, W. 1989. Harvestmen (Opiliones) from the Mascarene Islands Indian Ocean and resurrection of the family Zalmoxidae. Annals of the Natal Museum 30: 1–8.

[S92] Staręga, W. 1992. An annotated check-list of Afrotropical harvestmen, excluding the Phalangiidae (Opiliones). Annals of the Natal Museum 33 (2): 271–336.