Galliformes

Orange-footed scrubfowls Megapodius reinwardt, copyright Andrea Arbogast.


Belongs within: Galloanseres.
Contains: Cracidae, Phasiani.

The Galliformes, gamebirds, are a cosmopolitan group of heavy-bodied, largely terrestrial birds with short, rounded wings adapted for rapid bursts of flight; walking is commonly the preferred means of locomotion. Members of the galliform crown group are united by possession of a shallow cotyla scapularis on the coracoid (Mayr & Weidig 2004).

Galliformes [Craci, Cracoidea, Galli]
    |--Sylviornis [Sylviornithes, Sylviornithidae] WD17
    |    `--S. neocaledoniae Poplin 1980 WD17
    `--+--Megavitiornis Worthy 2000 WD17, W00
       |    `--*M. altirostris Worthy 2000 W00
       `--+--+--Cracidae MW04
          |  `--Phasiani MW04
          `--Megapodiidae MW04
               |  i. s.: Chosornis praeteritus FP64
               |         Progura gallinacea De Vis 1889 W00, U93 [incl. P. naracoortensis van Tets 1974 W00]
               |         Ngawupodius minya Boles & Ivison 1999 M09
               |         Mwalau WD17
               |--+--Talegalla Lesson 1828 WD17, B94 [Talegallidae]
               |  |    |--T. cuvieri JT12
               |  |    |--T. fuscirostris W00
               |  |    `--T. jobiensis W00
               |  `--+--Leipoa Gould 1840 WD17, B94 [Leipoidae]
               |     |    `--L. ocellata Gould 1840 WS48
               |     `--+--Aepypodius BKB15
               |        |    |--A. arfakianus W00
               |        |    `--A. bruijnii JT12
               |        `--Alectura Latham 1824 WD17, B94 (see below for synonymy)
               |             `--A. lathami Gray 1831 [=Catheturus lathami, Tallegallus lathami] CC10
               |                  |--A. l. lathami PT03
               |                  `--A. l. purpureicollis PT03
               `--+--Macrocephalon Müller 1846 WD17, B94 [Macrocephalidae]
                  |    `--M. maleo W00
                  `--+--Eulipoa wallacei WD17
                     `--Megapodius Gaimard 1823 WD17, B94
                          |  i. s.: M. alimentum Steadman 1989 W00
                          |         M. amissus Worthy 2000 W00
                          |         M. bernsteinii JT12
                          |         M. geelvinkianus JT12
                          |         M. laperouse W00
                          |           |--M. l. laperouse FP64
                          |           `--M. l. senex FP64
                          |         M. molistructor W00
                          |         M. nicobariensis JT12
                          |--M. wallacei BKB15
                          `--+--+--M. cumingii JT12
                             |  |    |--M. c. cumingii R02
                             |  |    `--M. c. sanghirensis R02
                             |  `--M. tenimberensis JT12
                             `--+--+--M. layardi JT12
                                |  `--M. pritchardii JT12
                                `--+--+--M. eremita BKB15
                                   |  `--M. reinwardt BKB15
                                   `--+--M. affinis BKB15
                                      `--+--M. forstenii BKB15
                                         `--M. freycinet Gaimard 1823 BKB15, C04
                                              |--M. f. freycinet WS48
                                              `--M. f. tumulus Gould 1842 WS48

Alectura Latham 1824 WD17, B94 [incl. Catheturus Swainson 1837 B94; Alecturidae, Catheturidae]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[C04] Clarke, J. A. 2004. Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 286: 1–179.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M09] Mayr, G. 2009. Paleogene Fossil Birds. Springer.

[MW04] Mayr, G., & I. Weidig. 2004. The Early Eocene bird Gallinuloides wyomingensis—a stem group representative of Galliformes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (2): 211–217.

[PT03] Prum, R. O., & R. Torres. 2003. Structural colouration of avian skin: Convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays. Journal of Experimental Biology 206: 2409–2429.

[R02] Riley, J. 2002. Population sizes and the status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Sangihe Island, Indonesia. Bird Conservation International 12: 53–78.

[U93] Unwin, D. M. 1993. Aves. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 717–737. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

[W00] Worthy, T. H. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30 (4): 337–364.

[WD17] Worthy, T. H., F. J. Degrange, W. D. Handley & M. S. Y. Lee. 2017. The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres). Royal Society Open Science 4: 170975.

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