Life

Scanning electron micrograph of colony of Fibrobacter succinogenes, from here.


Contains: Neobacteria, Protoarchaea, Eukaryota, Crenarchaeota, Reitlingerellidae, Fusobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Chromatibacteria, Geovibriales, Clostridea, Actinobacteria, Deinococci, Cyanobacteria, Chlorobacteria, Togobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Planctobacteria, Spirochaetes, Epsilonproteobacteria.

The total group of living organisms can be divided for convenience between eukaryotes, in which the greater part of the cell's genetic material is contained within a nuclear membrane, and the prokaryotes which lack a distinct nucleus. It is generally agreed that the prokaryotes are paraphyletic with regard to the monophyletic eukaryotes.

LIFE [Algae, Monera, Monodermata, Mychota, Prokaryota, Thallophyta, Unibacteria]
    |--Neomura (see below for synonymy) C-S02
    |    |--Methanopyrus Kurr, Huber et al. 1992VP SS15, GH01b [Methanopyraceae, Methanopyrales, Methanopyri]
    |    |    `--*M. kandleri Kurr, Huber et al. 1992VP GH01b
    |    `--+--Neobacteria SS15
    |       `--+--+--+--Candidatus Micrarchaeum acidiphilum SS15
    |          |  |  `--Candidatus Iainarchaeum RS13 [Diapherotrites SS15]
    |          |  |       `--I. andersonii RS13
    |          |  `--+--+--Candidatus Nanoarchaeum Huber, Hohn et al. 2002 HH02 [Nanoarchaeota RS13]
    |          |     |  |    `--*N. equitans Huber, Hohn et al. 2002 HH02
    |          |     |  `--Candidatus Parvarchaeum [Parvarchaeota] SS15
    |          |     |       `--P. acidophilus RS13
    |          |     `--+--Candidatus Aenigmarchaeum [Aenigmarchaeota] RS13
    |          |        |    `--A. subterraneum RS13
    |          |        `--Nanohaloarchaeota RS13
    |          |             |--Candidatus Nanosalina RS13
    |          |             |--Candidatus Nanosalinarum RS13
    |          |             `--Candidatus Haloredivivus RS13
    |          `--+--Protoarchaea SS15
    |             `--+--+--Eukaryota WF13
    |                |  `--Candidatus Lokiarchaeum [Lokiarchaeota] SS15
    |                `--+--Candidatus Korarchaeum WF13 [Korarchaeota SS15]
    |                   |    `--K. cryptofilum WF13
    |                   `--+--Crenarchaeota WF13
    |                      `--+--Candidatus Caldiarchaeum [Aigarchaeota] RS13
    |                         |    `--C. subterraneum RS13
    |                         `--Thaumarchaeota RS13
    |                              |--Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis SS15
    |                              `--+--Cenarchaeum Preston et al. 1996 RS13, C-S02 [Cenarchaeales]
    |                                 |    `--C. symbiosum RS13
    |                                 `--+--Nitrosopumilus maritimus RS13
    |                                    `--Nitrosoarchaeum SS15
    |                                         |--N. koreensis SS15
    |                                         `--N. limnia WF13
    `--Bacteria (see below for synonymy) C-S02
         |  i. s.: Albidovulum Albuquerque, Santos et al. 2003VP IJSEM03
         |           `--*A. inexpectatum Albuquerque, Santos et al. 2003VP IJSEM03
         |         Oceanobacillus Lu, Nogi & Takami 2002VP IJSEM02
         |           `--*O. iheyensis Lu, Nogi & Takami 2002VP IJSEM02
         |         Sneathia Collins, Hoyles et al. 2002VP IJSEM02
         |           `--*S. sanguinegens Collins, Hoyles et al. 2002VP IJSEM02
         |         Marinitoga MiKo03
         |           |--M. camini MiKo03
         |           `--M. piezophila MiKo03
         |         Geobacillus JC08
         |           |--G. kaustophilus (Priest et al. 1989) Nazina et al. 2001 JC08
         |           |--G. stearothermophilus (Donk 1920) Nazina et al. 2001 JC08
         |           |--G. thermodenitrificans (Manachini et al. 2000) Nazina et al. 2001 JC08
         |           |--G. thermoglucosidasius (Suzuki et al. 1984) Nazina et al. 2001 JC08
         |           `--G. thermoleovorans (Zarilla & Perry 1988) Nazina et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Reitlingerellidae X04
         |         Salome hubeiensis Zhang 1986 X04
         |         Polytrichoides Hermann 1974 X04
         |           `--P. lineatus X04
         |         Nannococcus vulgaris X04
         |         Nitrocystis oceanus PHK96
         |         Beneckea natriegens PHK96
         |         Microcyclus flavus PHK96
         |         Branhamella catarrhalis PHK96
         |         Siderocapsaceae PHK96
         |           |--Siderocapsa PHK96
         |           |--Naumanniella PHK96
         |           |--Siderococcus PHK96
         |           `--Ochrobium PHK96
         |         Pelonemataceae PHK96
         |           |--Pelonema PHK96
         |           |--Achroonema PHK96
         |           |--Peloploca PHK96
         |           `--Desmanthos PHK96
         |         Schismatispaeridium kumauni T84
         |         Trachysphaeridium decorum T84
         |         Bryantella Wolin, Miller et al. 2004VP non Britton 1957 (ICZN) IJSEM04
         |           `--*B. formatexigens Wolin, Miller et al. 2004VP IJSEM04
         |         Megasphaera BJ07
         |           |--M. inornata BJ07
         |           `--M. ornata X04
         |         Parapandorina raphospissa BJ07, G02
         |         Asaia siamensis Katsura et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Trichlorobacter thiogenes De Wever et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Anaerococcus JC08
         |           |--A. octavius (Murdoch et al. 1997) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |           `--A. prevotii (Foubert & Douglas 1948) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Carboxydibrachium pacificum JC08
         |         Desulfotignum balticum Kuever et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Dorea formicigenerans (Holdeman & Moore 1974) Taras et al. 2002 JC08
         |         Gallicola barnesae (Schiefer-Ullrich & Andreesen 1986) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Marinibacillus marinus (Rüger & Richter 1979) Yoon et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Olsenella JC08
         |           |--O. profusa Dewhirst et al. 2001 JC08
         |           `--O. uli (Olsen et al. 1991) Dewhirst et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Peptoniphilus JC08
         |           |--P. asaccharolyticus (Distaso 1912) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |           |--P. harei (Murdoch et al. 1997) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |           |--P. indolicus (Christiansen 1934) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |           `--P. ivorii (Murdoch et al. 1997) Ezaki et al. 2001 JC08
         |         Nitrosolobus multiformis PHK96
         |         Candidatus Saccharobacterium [Saccharobacteria] RS13
         |           `--S. alaburgensis RS13
         |         Rhodopirellula baltica SS15
         |         Liberobacter asiaticum BJ02
         |--+--Fusobacteria MiKo03
         |  `--Proteobacteria [Thiobacteria] RS13
         |       |  i. s.: Accumulibacter phosphatis ZS03
         |       |         Epulopiscium fishelsoni C-S02, PHK96
         |       |         Bacteriovorax stolpii IJ03
         |       |--Deltaproteobacteria MoKi03
         |       `--Rhodobacteria [Athiorhodaceae, Hydrogenophilaceae, Hydrogenophilales] C-S02
         |            |--Alphaproteobacteria MoKi03
         |            `--Chromatibacteria MoKi03
         `--+--+--+--Candidatus Aminicenans [Aminicenantes] RS13
            |  |  |    `--A. sakinawicola RS13
            |  |  `--Acidobacteria [Acidobacteriaceae, Acidobacteriales] RS13
            |  |       |--Acidobacterium capsulatum HP98
            |  |       `--+--Holophaga foetida HP98
            |  |          `--Geothrix fermentans HP98
            |  `--+--Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera RS13
            |     `--Nitrospirae [Nitrospiraceae, Nitrospirales] RS13
            |          |--+--Candidatus Magnetobacterium Spring, Amann et al. 1993 GH01c
            |          |  |    `--Candidatus *M. bavaricum Spring, Amann et al. 1993 GH01c
            |          |  `--Thermodesulfovibrio Henry, Devereux et al. 1994VP GH01c
            |          |       `--*T. yellowstonii Henry, Devereux et al. 1994VP GH01c
            |          `--+--Nitrospira Watson, Bock et al. 1986VP GH01c
            |             |    `--*N. marina Watson, Bock et al. 1986VP GH01c
            |             `--Leptospirillum (ex Markosyan 1972) Hippe 2000VP GH01c
            |                  |--*L. ferrooxidans (ex Markosyan 1972) Hippe 2000VP GH01c
            |                  `--L. thermoferrooxidans Hippe 2000VP GH01c
            `--+--Geovibriales RS13
               `--+--+--Terrabacteria [Eobacteria] RS13
                  |  |    |--Clostridea RS13
                  |  |    `--+--+--Actinobacteria RS13
                  |  |       |  `--+--Deinococci RS13
                  |  |       |     `--Armatimonadetes RS13
                  |  |       `--+--+--Pyrenomonas salina MP95
                  |  |          |  `--Cyanobacteria RS13
                  |  |          `--+--Chlorobacteria RS13
                  |  |             `--Thermodesulfobium Mori, Kim et al. 2004VP MoKi03, IJSEM04 [Thermodesulfobiaceae]
                  |  |                  `--*T. narugense Mori, Kim et al. 2004VP IJSEM04
                  |  `--+--Synergistes Allison, Mayberry et al. 1993VP GH01d [Synergistetes RS13]
                  |     |    `--S. jonesii Allison, Mayberry et al. 1993VP GH01d
                  |     `--+--Candidatus Caldatribacterium [Atribacteria] RS13
                  |        |    `--C. californiense RS13
                  |        `--+--+--Togobacteria RS13
                  |           |  `--Candidatus Acetothermum [Acetothermia] RS13
                  |           |       `--A. autotrophicum RS13
                  |           `--+--Candidatus Fervidibacter [Fervidibacteria] RS13
                  |              |    `--F. sacchari RS13
                  |              `--+--Caldiserica RS13
                  |                 `--Dictyoglomus MiKo03 [Dictyoglomaceae, Dictyoglomales, Dictyoglomi RS13]
                  |                      `--D. thermophilum MiKo03
                  `--+--+--Candidatus Hydrogenedens [Hydrogenedentes] RS13
                     |  |    `--H. terephthalicus RS13
                     |  `--+--Candidatus Cloacimonas [=Cloacamonas; Cloacimonetes] RS13
                     |     |    `--C. acidaminovorans RS13
                     |     `--+--+--Gemmatimonas Zhang, Sekiguchi et al. 2003 ZS03 (see below for synonymy)
                     |        |  |    `--*G. aurantiaca Zhang, Sekiguchi et al. 2003 ZS03
                     |        |  `--Fibrobacter ZS03 (see below for synonymy)
                     |        |       |--F. intestinalis ALS95
                     |        |       `--F. succinogenes HP98
                     |        `--+--Candidatus Latescibacter [Latescibacteria] RS13
                     |           |    `--L. anaerobius RS13
                     |           `--+--Sphingobacteria C-S02
                     |              |    |--Bacteroidetes RS13
                     |              |    `--Chlorobi RS13
                     |              `--+--Caldithrix Miroshnichenko, Kostrikina et al. 2003 RS13, MiKo03
                     |                 |    `--*C. abyssi Miroshnichenko, Kostrikina et al. 2003 MiKo03
                     |                 `--Candidatus Marinimicrobium [Marinimicrobia] RS13
                     |                      `--M. atlanticum RS13
                     `--+--+--Planctobacteria RS13
                        |  `--Candidatus Omnitrophus [Omnitrophica] RS13
                        |       `--O. fodinae RS13
                        `--+--Spirochaetes RS13
                           `--+--+--Elusimicrobia RS13
                              |  `--Candidatus Aerophobus [Aerophobetes] RS13
                              |       `--A. profundus RS13
                              `--+--+--Epsilonproteobacteria RS13
                                 |  `--Desulfurellaceae [Desulfurellales] GH01a
                                 |       |--Desulfurella acetivorans MoKi03
                                 |       `--Hippea GH01a
                                 `--Patescibacteria RS13
                                      |--Candidatus Microgenomatus [Microgenomates] RS13
                                      |    `--M. auricola RS13
                                      `--+--Candidatus Paceibacter [Parcubacteria] RS13
                                         |    `--P. normanii RS13
                                         `--Candidatus Altimarinus [Gracilibacteria] RS13
                                              `--A. pacificus RS13

Life incertae sedis:
  Anabaenidium Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*A. johnsonii Schopf 1968 G79
  Animikiea Barghoorn 1965 G79
    `--*A. septata Barghoorn 1965 G79
  Antigus Butin 1959 G79
    `--*A. cusarandicus Butin 1959 G79
  Archaeogloeocapsa Reitlinger 1956 G79
    `--*A. povarovkensis Reitlinger 1956 G79
  Archaeonema Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*A. longicellularis Schopf 1968 G79
  Archaeorestis Barghoorn 1965 G79
    `--*A. schreiberensis Barghoorn 1965 G79
  Archaeosphaeroides Schopf & Barghoorn 1967 G79
    `--*A. barbertonensis Schopf & Barghoorn 1967 G79
  Archaeotrichion Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*A. contortum Schopf 1968 G79
  Calyptothrix Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*C. annulata Schopf 1968 G79
  Catinella Pflug 1966 nec Pease 1870 (ICZN) nec Stache 1877 (ICZN) G79
    `--*C. polymorpha Pflug 1966 G79
  Caudiculophycus Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*C. rivularioides Schopf 1968 G79
  Cephalophytarion Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*C. grande Schopf 1968 G79
  Chlamydomonopsis Edhorn 1973 G79
    `--*C. primordialis Edhorn 1973 G79
  Contortothrix Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*C. vermiformis Schopf 1968 G79
  Cumulosphaera Edhorn 1973 G79
    `--*C. lamellosa Edhorn 1973 G79
  Cyanonema Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*C. attenuata Schopf 1968 G79
  Entosphaeroides Barghoorn 1965 G79
    `--*E. amplus Barghoorn 1965 G79
  Eoastrion Barghoorn 1965 G79
    `--*E. simplex Barghoorn 1965 G79
  Eobacterium Barghoorn & Schopf 1966 G79
    `--*E. isolatum Barghoorn & Schopf 1966 G79
  Eoepiphyton Butin 1959 G79
    `--*E. jalgamicum Butin 1959 G79
  Eosphaera Barghoorn 1965 G79
    `--*E. tyleri Barghoorn 1965 G79
  Fibularix Pflug 1965 G79
    `--*F. funicula Pflug 1965 G79
  Filamentella Pflug 1965 G79
    `--*F. plurima Pflug 1965 G79
  Filiconstrictosus Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
    `--*F. majusculus Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
  Halythrix Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*H. nodosa Schopf 1968 G79
  Heliconema Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*H. australiensis Schopf 1968 G79
  Kakabekia Barghoorn 1965 G79
    `--*K. umbellata Barghoorn 1965 G79
  Millaria Pflug 1966 G79
    `--*M. implexa Pflug 1966 G79
  Montanella Pflug 1965 G79
    `--*M. beltensis Pflug 1965 G79
  Obconiphycus Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
    `--*O. amadeus Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
  Palaeoanacystis Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*P. vulgaris Schopf 1968 G79
  Palaeolyngbya Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*P. barghoorniana Schopf 1968 G79
  Palaeomicrocoleus Korde in Vologdin & Korde 1965 G79
    `--*P. gruneri Korde in Vologdin & Korde 1965 G79
  Palaeopleurocapsa Knoll, Barghoorn & Golubić 1975 G79
    `--*P. wopfnerii Knoll, Barghoorn & Golubić 1975 G79
  Palaeorivularia Korde 1965 G79
    `--*P. ontarica Korde 1965 G79
  Palaeoscytonema Edhorn 1973 G79
    `--*P. moorhousei Edhorn 1973 G79
  Palaeospiralis Edhorn 1973 G79
    `--*P. canadensis Edhorn 1973 G79
  Palaeospirulina Edhorn 1973 G79
    `--*P. arcuata Edhorn 1973 G79
  Partitiofilum Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
    `--*P. gongyloides Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
  Petraphera Nagy 1974 G79
    `--*P. vivescenticula Nagy 1974 G79
  Phanerosphaerops Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
    `--*P. capitaneus Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
  Polycellaria Pflug 1965 G79
    `--*P. bonnerensis Pflug 1965 G79
  Primorivularia Edhorn 1973 G79
    `--*P. thunderbayensis Edhorn 1973 G79
  Protorivularia Butin 1959 G79
    `--*P. onega Butin 1959 G79
  Ramsaysphaera Pflug 1979 G79
    `--*R. ramses Pflug 1979 G79
  Scintilla Pflug 1966 non Deshayes 1855 (ICZN) G79
    `--*S. perforata Pflug 1966 G79
  Tenuofilum Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*T. septatum Schopf 1968 G79
  Tormentella Pflug 1966 G79
    `--*T. tubiformis Pflug 1966 G79
  Tricellaria Pflug 1965 G79
    `--*T. deylensis Pflug 1965 G79
  Veteronostocale Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
    `--*V. amoenum Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
  Zosterosphaera Schopf 1968 G79
    `--*Z. tripunctata Schopf 1968 G79
  Agamus Vologdin 1970 G79
    `--*A. shungiticus Vologdin 1970 G79
  Aseptalia Vologdin in Vologdin & Strygin 1969 G79
    `--*A. ukrainica Vologdin in Vologdin & Strygin 1969 G79
  Asterosphaeroides Reitlinger 1959 G79
  Conferta Klinger 1968 G79
    `--*C. rara Klinger 1968 G79
  Crenulata Bertrand-Sarfati 1972 G79
    `--*C. gigantea Bertrand-Sarfati 1972 G79
  Foninia Korde 1973 G79
    `--*F. fasciculata Korde 1973 G79
  Globoidella Milstein 1970 G79
    `--*G. jusmastachica Milstein 1970 G79
  Gonamophyton Vologdin & Drozdova 1964 G79
    `--*G. ovale Vologdin & Drozdova 1964 G79
  Gorlovella Vologdin 1970 G79
    `--*G. obvoluta Vologdin 1970 G79
  Ladogaella Vologdin 1967 G79
    `--*L. variabilis Vologdin 1967 G79
  Marenita Korde 1973 G79
    `--*M. kundatica Korde 1973 G79
  Medullarites Narozhnykh in Narozhnykh & Rabotnov 1965 G79
  Nelcanella Vologdin & Drozdova 1964 G79
    `--*N. stellata Vologdin & Drozdova 1964 G79
  Protospira Vologdin in Vologdin & Strygin 1969 non Ruedemann 1916 (ICZN) G79
    `--*P. strygini Vologdin in Vologdin & Strygin 1969 G79
  Ptilophyton Vologdin 1967 G79
    `--*P. makarovae Vologdin 1967 G79
  ‘Vermiculites’ Reitlinger 1959 nec Bronn 1848 nec Rouault 1850 G79
  Vermiculus Bertrand-Sarfati 1972 G79
    `--*V. contortus Bertrand-Sarfati 1972 G79
  Vesicophyton Vologdin in Vologdin & Drozdova 1969 G79
    `--*V. punctatum Vologdin in Vologdin & Drozdova 1969 G79

Nomina invalida: Nitrospira moscoviensis Ehrich, Behrens et al. 1995 GH01c
                 Thermodesulfovibrio islandicus Sonne-Hansen & Ahring 1999 GH01c

Bacteria [Didermata, Endobacteria, Eubacteria, Eubacteriales, Eurybacteria, Exoflagellata, Firmibacteria, Geobacteria, Glycobacteria, Gracilicutes, Lipobacteria, Mastigomonera, Myxomonera, Negibacteria, Nitrobacteraceae, Photobacteria, Photomonera, Pimelobacteria, Posibacteria, Protobacteria, Schizomycetes, Schyzomycophyta] C-S02

Fibrobacter ZS03 [Fibrobacteraceae, Fibrobacterales, Fibrobacteres RS13, Fibrobacteria]

Gemmatimonas Zhang, Sekiguchi et al. 2003 ZS03 [Gemmatimonadaceae, Gemmatimonadales, Gemmatimonadetes RS13]

Neomura [Archaea, Archaebacteria, Archaeobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Eurytherma, Eurythermea, Mendosicutes, Metabacteria, Sulfobacteria] C-S02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ALS95] Amann, R. I., W. Ludwig & K.-H. Schleifer. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiological Reviews 59 (1): 143–169.

[BJ07] Bailey, J. V., S. B. Joye, K. M. Kalanetra, B. E. Flood & F. A. Corsetti. 2007. Evidence of giant sulphur bacteria in Neoproterozoic phosphorites. Nature 445: 198–201.

[BJ02] Becnel, J. J., A. Jeyaprakash, M. A. Hoy & A. Shapiro. 2002. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new microsporidian species from the predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Acari, Phytoseiidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 79: 163–172.

[C-S02] Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 7–76.

[GH01a] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001a. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[GH01b] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001b. Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 211–355. Springer.

[GH01c] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001c. Phylum BVIII. Nitrospirae phy. nov. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 451–464. Springer.

[GH01d] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001d. Phylum BIX. Deferribacteres phy. nov. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 465–471. Springer.

[G02] Giribet, G. 2002. Current advances in the phylogenetic reconstruction of metazoan evolution. A new paradigm for the Cambrian explosion? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24: 345–357.

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[HH02] Huber, H., M. J. Hohn, R. Rachel, T. Fuchs, V. C. Wimmer & K. O. Stetter. 2002. A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont. Nature 417: 63–67.

[HP98] Hugenholtz, P., C. Pitulle, K. L. Hershberger & N. R. Pace. 1998. Novel division level bacterial diversity in a Yellowstone hot spring. Journal of Bacteriology 180 (2): 366–376.

[IJ03] Iizuka, T., Y. Jojima, R. Fudou, A. Hiraishi, J.-W. Ahn & S. Yamanaka. 2003. Plesiocystis pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine myxobacterium that contains dihydrogenated menaquinone, isolated from the Pacific coasts of Japan. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 189–195.

[IJSEM02] IJSEM. 2002. Validation list no. 85. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 685–690.

[IJSEM03] IJSEM. 2003. Validation list no. 89. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1–2.

[IJSEM04] IJSEM. 2004. Validation list no. 95. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 1–2.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[MP95] Maher, M., R. Palmer, F. Gannon & T. Smith. 1995. Relationship of a novel bacterial fish pathogen to Streptobacillus moniliformis and the fusobacteria group, based on 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 18: 79–84.

[MiKo03] Miroshnichenko, M. L., N. A. Kostrikina, N. A. Chernyh, N. V. Pimenov, T. P. Tourova, A. N. Antipov, S. Spring, E. Stackebrandt & E. A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya. 2003. Caldithrix abyssi gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing, thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent, represents a novel bacterial lineage. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 323–329.

[MoKi03] Mori, K., H. Kim, T. Kakegawa & S. Hanada. 2003. A novel lineage of sulfate-reducing microorganisms: Thermodesulfobiaceae fam. nov., Thermodesulfobium narugense, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new thermophilic isolate from a hot spring. Extremophiles 7: 283–290.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[RS13] Rinke, C., P. Schwientek, A. Sczyrba, N. N. Ivanova, I. J. Anderson, J.-F. Cheng, A. Darling, S. Malfatti, B. K. Swan, E. A. Gies, J. A. Dodsworth, B. P. Hedlund, G. Tsiamis, S. M. Sievert, W.-T. Liu, J. A. H. Eisen, S. J., N. Kyrpides, C., R. Stepanauskas, E. M. Rubin, P. Hugenholtz & T. Woyke. 2013. Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter. Nature 499: 431–437.

[SS15] Spang, A., J. H. Saw, S. L. Jørgensen, K. Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, J. Martijn, A. E. Lind, R. van Eijk, C. Schleper, L. Guy & T. J. G. Ettema. 2015. Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Nature 521: 173–179.

[T84] Tewari, V. C. 1984. Stromatolites and Precambrian–Lower Cambrian biostratigraphy of the Lesser Himalaya. Proc. Vth India Geophytol. Conf., Lucknow (1983), Spec. Publ. 1984: 71–97.

[WF13] Williams, T. A., P. G. Foster, C. J. Cox & T. M. Embley. 2013. An archaeal origin of eukaryotes supports only two primary domains of life. Nature 504: 231–236.

[X04] Xiao, S. 2004. New multicellular algal fossils and acritarchs in Doushantuo chert nodules (Neoproterozoic; Yangtze Gorges, south China). Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 393–401.

[ZS03] Zhang, H., Y. Sekiguchi, S. Hanada, P. Hugenholtz, H. Kim, Y. Kamagata & K. Nakamura. 2003. Gemmatimonas aurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism, the first cultured representative of the new bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes phyl. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1155–1163.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Markup Key:
- <b>bold</b> = bold
- <i>italic</i> = italic
- <a href="http://www.fieldofscience.com/">FoS</a> = FoS