Dasycladales

Cross-section of thallus of Anthracoporella spectabilis, from Vachard et al. (2001).

Belongs within: Tetraphytae.

The Dasycladales are a group of macroscopic but unicellular green algae, many species of which develop a calcareous skeleton.

Characters (from Womersley 1984): Thallus diplontic, coenocytic (often with constricted segments but end walls always perforate apart from plug formation), radially symmetrical with an erect axis bearing whorls of lateral branches which are simple or (usually) di- to polychotomously branched, free or with the ultimate segments united laterally to form an outer cortex; vegetative thallus usually at first with a single, giant nucleus in the rhizoidal base, becoming multinucleate later before cyst formation; cell wall of mannan; chloroplasts usually small, without a pyrenoid. Reproduction by iso- or anisogmates formed in cysts (with a cellulose wall) or freely in gametangia borne on the lateral branches or as gametangial rays, becoming separated by a plug; position of meiosis not fully established, probably before or during fragmentation of the giant primary nucleus.

Dasycladales [Dasycladophyceae]
    |  i. s.: Mellporella Racz 1965 VH01
    |           `--M. anthracoporellaeformis Racz 1965 VH01
    |         Ningbingellina Mamet 1998 M98
    |           `--*N. veeversi Mamet 1998 M98
    |         Atractyliopsis Pia 1937 [Aciculelleae] M98
    |           `--*A. lastensis Accordi 1956 M98
    |         Dasycladophycus Elliott 1982 M98
    |--Diplopora [Diploporaceae, Diploporeae] VH01
    |    `--D. americana Kordé 1965 VH01
    |--Polyphysaceae [Acetabulariaceae] N10
    |    |  i. s.: Parvocaulis Berger, Fettweiss et al. 2003 N10
    |    |           |--P. parvulus (Solms-Laubach) Berger et al. 2003 [=Acetabularia parvula Solms-Laubach 1895] N10
    |    |           `--P. pusilla (Howe) Berger et al. 2003 [=Acetabularia pusilla (Howe) Collins 1909] N10
    |    |--Polyphysa parvula L-BC03
    |    `--+--Acicularia schenkii L-BC03
    |       `--Acetabularia Lamouroux 1812 L-BC03, N10
    |            |--A. acetabulum KG03
    |            |--A. antillana KG03
    |            |--A. caliculus Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard 1824 [=A. calyculus] N10
    |            |--A. crenulata Lamouroux 1816 N10
    |            |--A. farlowii Solms-Laubach 1895 N10
    |            |--A. major L-BC03
    |            |--A. mediterranea KG03
    |            `--A. schenckii Möbius 1889 N10
    |--Dasyporelleae [Seletonellaceae] VH01
    |    |--Dasyporella Stolley 1893 VH01
    |    `--Anthracoporella Pia 1920 [incl. Couvinianella Mamet & Preat 1992] VH01
    |         |--*A. spectabilis Pia 1920 (see below for synonymy) VH01
    |         |--A. atypica Saltovskaya 1984 VH01
    |         |--A. delicata Saltovskaya 1984 VH01
    |         |--A. expansa Shuysky in Shuysky & Patrunov 1991 VH01
    |         |--A. girtyi Mamet & Roux in Mamet et al. 1987 VH01
    |         |--A. laevis Shuysky 1973 VH01
    |         |--A. longiramosa Shuysky in Shuysky & Patrunov 1991 VH01
    |         |--A. magnipora Endo 1951 VH01
    |         |--A. menchikoffi Chanton 1965 VH01
    |         |--‘Couvinianella’ sartenarii Mamet & Preat 1992 VH01
    |         |--A. setosa Shuysky 1973 H01
    |         |--A. torinosensis Endo 1961 VH01
    |         |--A. uralensis Chuvashov 1974 VH01
    |         `--A. vicina Kochansky-Devidé & Herak 1960 VH01
    `--Dasycladaceae N10
         |  i. s.: Papillomembrana Spjeldnaes 1963 G79
         |           `--*P. compta Spjeldnaes 1963 G79
         |         Timanella Vologdin in Vologdin & Kochetkov 1966 non Egorov 1950 (ICZN) G79
         |           `--*T. gigas Vologdin in Vologdin & Kochetkov 1966 G79
         |         Coscinoconus Leupold in Leupold & Bigler 1935 LT64
         |           `--*C. alpinus Leupold & Bigler 1935 C40
         |         Masloviporella VH01
         |         Luliporeae VH01
         |           |  i. s.: Lulipora Shuysky 1986 VH01
         |           |         Lopsiella Shuysky 1987 VH01
         |           |         Coticula Shuysky & Schirschova in Chuvashov et al. 1987 VH01
         |           |         Gissarella Saltovskaya 1979 VH01
         |           |--Connexia Kochansky-Devidé 1970 VH01
         |           `--+--Kochanskyella Milanovic 1974 VH01
         |              |    `--*K. tulipa Milanovic 1974 VH01
         |              `--+--Likanella Milanovic 1966 VH01
         |                 `--+--Salopekiella Milanovic 1965 VH01
         |                    |    `--S. velebitana Milanovic 1965 VH01
         |                    `--Clypeineae VH01
         |                         |--Eoclypeina Emberger in Vachard 1985 VH01
         |                         `--Clypeina VH01
         |--+--Chlorocladus australasicus L-BC03
         |  `--Batophora Agardh 1854 L-BC03, N10
         |       |--B. occidentalis L-BC03
         |       `--B. oerstedii Agardh 1854 N10
         `--+--Cymopolia vanbossea L-BC03
            `--Neomeris Lamouroux 1816 L-BC03, HL09
                 |--N. annulata Dickie 1874 N10
                 |--N. bilimbata Koster 1937 HL09
                 |--N. dumentosa L-BC03
                 `--N. kelleri H04

*Anthracoporella spectabilis Pia 1920 [incl. Epimastopora kanumai Endo in Endo & Kanuma 1954, Anchicodium sindbadi Elliott 1970, E. urtazymensis Chuvashov & Anfimov 1988] VH01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[HL09] Huisman, J. M., F. Leliaert, H. Veerbruggen & R. A. Townsend. 2009. Marine benthic plants of Western Australia's shelf-edge atolls. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 50–87.

[KG03] Kingsley, R. J., R. van Gilder, R. Z. LeGros & N. Watabe. 2003. Multimineral calcareous deposits in the marine alga Acetabularia acetabulum (Chlorophyta; Dasycladaceae). Journal of Phycology 39: 937–947.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[L-BC03] López-Bautista, J. M., & R. L. Chapman. 2003. Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2099–2106.

[M98] Mamet, B. 1998. A Late Devonian microfossil with dasyclad algae affinities from northwestern Australia. Alcheringa 22 (1): 21–28.

[N10] Norris, J. N. 2010. Marine algae of the northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 94: 1–276.

[VH01] Vachard, D., M. Hauser, R. Martini, L. Zaninetti, A. Matter & T. Peters. 2001. New algae and problematica of algal affinity from the Permian of the Aseelah Unit of the Batain Plain (East Oman). Geobios 34 (4): 375–404.