Bacillariales

Nitzschia sp., copyright Kristian Peters.

Belongs within: Bacillariophyceae.
Contains: Navicula, Caloneis, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, Stauroneis, Amphiprora, Diploneis, Mastogloia, Cymbella, Epithemia, Amphora.

The Bacillariales is a group of pennate diatoms possessing a raphe system.

Bacillariales [Biraphidineae]
    |--+--Naviculaceae SG05
    |  |    |--Navicula C-SC06
    |  |    |--Caloneis SG05
    |  |    |--Meridion circulare SG05
    |  |    |--Pinnularia SG05
    |  |    |--Pleurosigma SG05
    |  |    |--Stauroneis SG05
    |  |    |--Amphiprora W61b
    |  |    |--Gyrosigma RA05
    |  |    |    |--G. acuminatum RA05
    |  |    |    |--G. limosum UPS98
    |  |    |    `--G. littorale UPS98
    |  |    |--Diploneis W61b
    |  |    |--Dictyoneis Cleve 1890 W61a
    |  |    |    `--D. marginata (Lewis) Cleve 1890 [=Navicula marginata Lewis 1862] W61a
    |  |    |--Frustulia Ag. 1824 W61b
    |  |    |    |--F. lanceolata (Agh.) Kützing 1844 CFW59
    |  |    |    |--F. rhomboides (Ehrenberg) de Toni 1891 [=Navicula rhomboides Ehrenberg 1843] CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--F. r. var. rhomboides W61b
    |  |    |    |    |--F. r. var. amphipleuroides W61b
    |  |    |    |    `--F. r. var. saxonica W61a
    |  |    |    |         |--F. r. var. s. f. saxonica W61a
    |  |    |    |         `--F. r. var. s. f. undulata Hust. 1930 W61a
    |  |    |    `--F. weinholdii Hust. 1936 W61b
    |  |    |--Trachyneis Cleve 1894 W61b
    |  |    |    |--T. aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--T. a. var. aspera W61a
    |  |    |    |    `--T. a. var. pulchella (Smith) Cleve 1894 [=Stauroneis pulchella Smith 1853] W61a
    |  |    |    `--T. johnsoniana [=Navicula johnsoniana Grev. 1861] CFW59
    |  |    |--Anomoeoneis Pfitzer 1871 W61a
    |  |    |    |--A. serians (Brebisson) Cleve 1895 CFW59 (see below for synonymy)
    |  |    |    |    |--A. s. var. serians W61a
    |  |    |    |    `--A. s. var. brachysira (Brebisson) Hust. 1930 (see below for synonymy) W61a
    |  |    |    |         |--A. s. var. b. f. brachysira W61a
    |  |    |    |         |--A. s. var. b. f. genuina W61a
    |  |    |    |         `--A. s. var. b. f. thermalis W6a1
    |  |    |    `--A. sphaerophora (Kützing) Pfitzer 1871 [=Navicula sphaerophora Kützing 1844] CFW59
    |  |    |--Mastogloia W61b
    |  |    |--Neidium Pfitzer 1871 W61b
    |  |    |    |--N. affine (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer 1871 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--N. a. var. affine CFW59
    |  |    |    |    |--N. a. var. amphirhynchus (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula amphirhynchus Ehrenberg 1843] CFW59
    |  |    |    |    `--N. a. var. undulatum [=Navicula affinis var. undulata] CFW59
    |  |    |    |--N. amphigomphus (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer 1871 [=Navicula amphigomphus Ehrenberg 1843] CFW59
    |  |    |    |--N. bisulcatum (Lagerstet) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula bisulcata Lagerstet 1873] CFW59
    |  |    |    |--N. dubium (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula dubia] CFW59
    |  |    |    `--N. iridis (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |--Tropidoneis Cleve 1891 W61b
    |  |    |    |--T. lepidoptera (Greg.) Cleve 1894 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |    |    `--T. vitrea G75
    |  |    |--Schizonema G75
    |  |    |    |--S. grevillei Ag. 1830 G75, CFW59 [=Navicula grevillei (Agardh) Cleve 1894 G75]
    |  |    |    `--S. ramosissimum G75
    |  |    `--Berkeleya Greville 1827 G75 [incl. Amphipleura Kützing 1944 CFW59, G75]
    |  |         |--‘Bangia’ micans Lyngb. 1819 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    |  |         |    |--B. m. var. micans CFW59
    |  |         |    `--‘Amphipleura’ micans var. fragilis [=Berkeleya fragilis] CFW59
    |  |         `--B. rutilans [=Schizonema rutilans] G75
    |  `--+--Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin 1897 C-SC06, GPN97
    |     |--Cymbellaceae W61b
    |     |    |--Cymbella SG05
    |     |    |--Epithemia W61b
    |     |    |--Gomphoneis Cleve 1894 W61b
    |     |    |    |--G. herculeanum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Gomphonema herculeanum Ehrenberg 1854] W61b
    |     |    |    `--G. mamilla (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Gomphonema mamilla Ehrenberg 1854] W61a
    |     |    `--Amphora C-SC06
    |     `--Eolimna C-SC06
    |          |--E. minima C-SC06
    |          `--E. subminuscula C-SC06
    `--Nitzschia Hassall 1845 C-SC06, G75 [Nitzschiaceae SG05]
         |--N. acicularis (Kützing) Smith 1853 GPN97
         |--N. acuminata (W. Sm.) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Tryblionella acuminata W. Sm. 1853] W61b
         |--N. aerophila G75
         |--N. aestatis Giffen 1973 G75
         |--N. amphibia SG05
         |    |--N. a. var. amphibia CFW59
         |    `--N. a. var. acutiuscula Cl. & Grun. 1880 CFW59
         |--N. angularis W. Sm. 1853 CFW59
         |--N. angustata SG05
         |    |--N. a. var. angustata SG05
         |    `--N. a. var. acuta SG05
         |--N. apiculata C-SC06
         |--N. australis (Perag.) Mann 1937 [=N. dubia var. australe Perag. 1921] W61a
         |--N. brebissonii W. Sm. 1853 CFW59
         |--N. bremenensis Hust. in A.S. 1921 W61a
         |--N. brightwellii Kitton in Pritch. 1861 W61a
         |--N. circumsuta (Bail.) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Surirella circumsuta Bail. 1850] W61b
         |--N. closterium (Ehr.) W. Sm. 1853 CFW59 (see below for synonymy)
         |--N. cocconeiformis G75
         |--N. commutata Grunow in Cleve & Grunow 1880 [=Navicula commutata] SV03
         |--N. composita Giffen 1971 G75
         |--N. compressa (Bail.) Boyer 1916 [=Pyxidicula compressa Bail. 1850] W61a
         |    |--N. c. var. compressa W61a
         |    `--N. c. var. minor W61a
         |--N. condemnata Cholnoky 1968 G75
         |--N. dissipata (Kützing) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 G75, CFW59 [=Synedra dissipata Kützing 1844 CFW59]
         |--N. distans G75
         |    |--N. d. var. distans W61a
         |    |--N. d. var. australiensis CFW59
         |    `--N. d. var. tumescens Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 W61a
         |--N. entomon CFW59
         |--N. fasciculata TaJ06
         |--N. frustulum G75
         |    |--N. f. var. frustulum G75
         |    `--N. f. var. subsalinum Hustedt 1930 G75
         |--N. gracilis Hantzsch 1859 W61a
         |--N. graeffii Grun. in Cleve 1878 W61a
         |--N. grandis W61a
         |--N. granulata Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Tryblionella granulata Grun. in Cleve 1878] W61b
         |--N. groveana [incl. N. antiqua] CFW59
         |--N. grovei CFW59
         |--N. gruendleri Grun. in Cl. 1877 CFW59
         |--N. guineensis Hust. 1922 CFW59
         |--N. hummii TaJ06
         |--N. hungarica Grun. 1862 CFW59
         |--N. hybridaeformis Hustedt 1955 G75
         |--N. jouseae BC79
         |--N. lanceolata G75
         |--N. lata [=N. panduriformis var. lata] CFW59
         |--N. linearis SG05
         |--N. litoralis [=N. tryblionella var. litoralis] G75
         |--N. longissima (Breb.) Ralfs in Pritch. 1861 [=Ceratoneis longissima Breb. in Kütz. 1849] CFW59
         |--N. lorenziana Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 W61a
         |--N. marginulata CFW59
         |    |--N. m. var. marginulata CFW59
         |    `--N. m. var. subconstricta Cl. & Grun. 1880 CFW59
         |--N. martiana (Ag.) Schütt 1896 [=Homoeocladia martiana Ag. 1830; incl. H. moniliformis Kütz. 1844] CFW59
         |--N. media G75
         |--N. miserabilis Cholnoky 1963 G75
         |--N. mollis Hustedt 1951
         |--N. nicobarica CFW59
         |--N. novae-hollandiae CFW59
         |--N. obtusa TaJ06
         |    |--N. o. var. obtusa TaJ06
         |    `--N. o. var. scalpelliformis TaJ06
         |--N. ovalis G75
         |--N. pacifica Cupp 1943 CFW59
         |--N. palea TaJ06
         |--N. paleaeformis ThJ06
         |--N. panduriformis Greg. 1857 W61b
         |--N. paradoxa (Gmelin) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow 1880 M70
         |--N. plana W. Sm. 1853 CFW59
         |--N. polaris Grun. 1884 W61a
         |--N. procera Hustedt 1955 G75
         |--N. pseudohybrida Hustedt 1955 G75
         |--N. punctata (Smith) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 [=Tryblionella punctata Smith 1883] W61a
         |--N. pungens BMG95
         |--N. pusilla TaJ06
         |--N. reinholdii BC79
         |--N. (sect. Panduriformes) rorida Giffen 1975 G75
         |--N. ruda Cholnoky 1968 [=N. rudis] G75
         |--N. seriata Cl. 1883 CFW59
         |--N. sigma (Kütz.) W. Sm. 1853 [=Synedra sigma Kütz. 1844] CFW59
         |    |--N. s. var. sigma W61a
         |    `--N. s. var. rigida Grun. in Schneider 1878 W61a
         |--N. sigmoidea (Ehrenberg) Smith 1853 M70
         |--N. spathulata Smith 1853 G75
         |--N. spectabilis CFW59
         |--N. steenbergensis Giffen 1973 G75
         |--N. stompsii Cholnoky 1963 G75
         |--N. subacuta Hust. in A.S. 1922 W61a
         |--N. tenuistriata Hust. 1922 CFW59
         |--N. tryblionella Hantzsch 1859 [incl. Tryblionella hantzschiana Grun. 1862] W61a
         |    |--N. t. var. tryblionella W61b
         |    |--N. t. var. levidensis (Smith) Grun. in v H. 1880-1885 [=Tryblionella levidensis Smith 1856] W61a
         |    |--N. t. var. victoriae W61a
         |    `--N. t. var. yarrensis Grun. in Cleve & Grun. 1880 W61b
         |--N. vidovichii [=Homeocladia vidovichii] G75
         |--N. vitrea Norm. 1861 W61a
         |    |--N. v. var. vitrea W61a
         |    `--N. v. var. subvitrea [=N. subvitrea Hust. 1927] W61a
         `--N. vulpeculoides Giffen 1973 G75

Bacillariales incertae sedis:
  Bacillariaceae W61b
    |--Bacillaria paxillifer (Müller) Nitzsch 1817 (see below for synonymy) CFW59
    `--Hantzschia Grunow 1880 W61b, G75
         |--H. amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow 1880 SV03 [=Eunotia amphioxys Ehr. 1843 CFW59]
         |    |--H. a. var. amphioxys CFW59
         |    `--H. a. var. elongata [incl. Eunotia dianae] CFW59
         |--H. baltica TaJ06
         |--H. hyperborea SV03
         |--H. insolita Giffen 1967 G75
         `--H. virgata (Roper) Grunow 1880 SV03 [=Nitzschia virgata Roper 1858 W61b]

Anomoeoneis serians (Brebisson) Cleve 1895 CFW59 [=Frustulia serians Brebisson in Kützing 1844 CFW59, Navicula serians Kützing 1844 CFW59; incl. N. punctulata G75]

Anomoeoneis serians var. brachysira (Brebisson) Hust. 1930 [=Navicula brachysira, A. brachysira Cl.-Eul. 1953; incl. Cymbella beverleiana] W61a

Bacillaria paxillifer (Müller) Nitzsch 1817 [=Vibrio paxillifer Müller 1786; incl. B. paradoxa Gmelin 1788] CFW59

‘Bangia’ micans Lyngb. 1819 [=Amphipleura micans (Lyngb.) Cleve 1894; incl. Berkeleya adriatica Grun. 1867] CFW59

Neidium affine (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer 1871 [=Navicula affine Ehrenberg 1843; incl. Na. amphilepta Ehrenberg 1869] CFW59

Neidium iridis (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Navicula iridis Ehrenberg 1843; incl. Na. firma Kützing 1844] CFW59

Nitzschia closterium (Ehr.) W. Sm. 1853 CFW59 [=Ceratoneis closterium Ehr. 1840 CFW59, Cylindrotheca closterium G75]

Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894 [=Pinnularia aspera Ehrenberg 1840, Navicula aspera Ehrenberg 1854] CFW59

Tropidoneis lepidoptera (Greg.) Cleve 1894 [=Amphiprora lepidoptera Greg. 1857; incl. A. delicatula Grev. 1863, A. eximia Grev. 1863] CFW59

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[BMG95] Berland, B. R., S. Y. Maestrini & D. Grzebyk. 1995. Observations on possible life cycle stages of the dinoflagellates Dinophysis cf. acuminata, Dinophysis acuta and Dinophysis pavillardi. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 9: 183–189.

[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.

[CFW59] Crosby, L. H., & E. J. Ferguson Wood. 1959. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. II.—Normally epontic and benthic genera. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 1–58, pls 1–9.

[GPN97] Gatenby, C. M., B. C. Parker & R. J. Neves. 1997. Growth and survival of juvenile rainbow mussels, Villosa iris (Lea, 1829) (Bivalvia: Unionidae), reared on algal diets and sediment. American Malacological Bulletin 14 (1): 57–66.

[G75] Giffen, M. H. 1975. An account of the littoral diatoms from Langebaan, Saldanha Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 18: 71–95.

[M70] Meel, L. van. 1970. Etudes limnologiques en Belgique. VI.—Les méandres de la Durme à Hamme (Province de Flandre Orientale). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (13): 1–56.

[RA05] Rath, J., & S. P. Adhikary. 2005. A check list of algae from Chilika Lake, Orissa. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 101–114.

[SV03] Sabbe, K., E. Verleyen, D. A. Hodgson, K. Vanhoutte & W. Vyverman. 2003. Benthic diatom flora of freshwater and saline lakes in the Larsemann Hills and Rauer Islands, East Antarctica. Antarctic Science 15 (2): 227–248.

[SG05] Sau, A., & R. K. Gupta. 2005. Algal flora of Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 63–86.

[TaJ06] Taukulis, F. E., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms as ecological indicators in lakes and streams of varying salinity from the wheatbelt region of Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (1): 17–25.

[ThJ06] Thomas, E. J., & J. John. 2006. Diatoms and macroinvertebrates as biomonitors of mine-lakes in Collie, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (3): 109–117.

[UPS98] Underwood, G. J. C., J. Phillips & K. Saunders. 1998. Distribution of estuarine benthic diatom species along salinity and nutrient gradients. European Journal of Phycology 33: 173–183.

[W61a] Wood, E. J. F. 1961a. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. IV.—Descriptions of further sedentary species. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 669–698.

[W61b] Wood, E. J. F. 1961b. Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. V.—The Rawson Collection of recent diatoms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 699–712.