Belongs within: Ericales.
Contains: Phlox, Navarretia, Gilia, Linanthus, Eriastrum.
The Polemoniaceae are a group of mostly herbaceous, often strong-smelling plants native to Eurasia and the Americas.
Characters (from Hickman 1993): Annuals, perennials, shrubs, or vines. Leaves simple or compound, cauline (or most in basal rosette), alternate or opposite; stipules absent. Inflorescences are cymes, heads, or flowers solitary. Flower with calyx generally five-ribbed, ribs often connected by translucent membranes that are generally torn by growing fruit; corolla generally five-lobed, radial or bilateral, salverform to bell-shaped, throat often well defined; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, attached at same or different levels, filaments of same or different lengths, pollen white, yellow, blue, or red; ovary superior, chambers generally 3, style 1, stigmas generally 3. Fruit a capsule. Seeds 1–many, gelatinous or not when wet.
<==Polemoniaceae
|--Acanthogilia [Acanthogilioideae] T00
|--Cobaeoideae T00
| |--Bonplandia T00
| |--Cantua T00
| `--Cobaea T00
`--Polemonium D37 [Polemonioideae T00]
|--P. acutiflorum CS77
|--P. californicum H93
|--P. carneum H93
|--P. chartaceum H93
|--P. elegans H93
|--P. eximium H93
|--P. micranthum H93
|--P. occidentale [incl. P. caeruleum ssp. amygdalinum] H93
|--P. pulcherrimum H93
| |--P. p. var. pulcherrimum H93
| `--P. p. var. pilosum H93
`--P. reptans D37
Polemoniaceae incertae sedis:
Phlox BR65
Navarretia H93
Gilia MD82
Ipomopsis WMS97
|--I. aggregata WMS97
| |--I. a. ssp. aggregata WMS97
| |--I. a. ssp. bridgesii H93
| `--I. a. ssp. formosissima WMS97
|--I. arizonica [=I. aggregata ssp. arizonica] H93
|--I. congesta H93
| |--I. c. ssp. congesta H93
| |--I. c. ssp. montana H93
| `--I. c. ssp. palmifrons H93
|--I. depressa H93
|--I. effusa H93
|--I. macrosiphon WMS97
|--I. polycladon H93
|--I. tenuifolia [=Loeselia tenuifolia] H93
`--I. tenuituba WMS97
|--I. t. ssp. tenuituba WMS97
`--I. t. ssp. latiloba WMS97
Collomia C06
|--C. coccinea C06
|--C. diversifolia H93
|--C. gracilis D03
|--C. grandiflora C55b
|--C. heterophylla H93
|--C. larsenii [=C. debilis var. larsenii] H93
|--C. linearis H93
|--C. tinctoria H93
`--C. tracyi H93
Linanthus H93
Allophyllum H93
|--A. divaricatum H93
|--A. gilioides H93
| |--A. g. ssp. gilioides H93
| `--A. g. ssp. violaceum H93
|--A. glutinosum H93
`--A. integrifolium H93
Eriastrum H93
Gymnosteris H93
|--G. nudicaulis H93
`--G. parvula H93
Langloisia setosissima H93
|--L. s. ssp. setosissima H93
`--L. s. ssp. punctata H93
Leptodactylon H93
|--L. californicum (see below for synonymy) H93
|--L. jaegeri H93
`--L. pungens [incl. L. pungens ssp. hallii, L. pungens ssp. hookeri, L. pungens ssp. pulchriflorum] H93
Loeseliastrum H93
|--L. matthewsii [=Langloisia matthewsii] H93
`--L. schottii [=Langloisia schottii] H93
Leptodactylon californicum [incl. L. californicum ssp. brevitrichomum, L. californicum ssp. glandulosum, L. californicum ssp. leptotrichomum, L. californicum ssp. tomentosum] H93
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.
[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.
[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.
[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
[D37] Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.
[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).
[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).
[MD82] Mishler, B. D., & M. J. Donoghue. 1982. Species concepts: a case for pluralism. Systematic Zoology 31 (4): 491–503.
[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.
[WMS97] Wolf, P. G., R. A. Murray & S. D. Sipes. 1997. Species-independent, geographical structuring of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in a montane herb Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae). Molecular Ecology 6: 283–291.
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