Cardiophorinae

Paracardiophorus musculus, copyright Hungarian Natural History Museum.

Belongs within: Elateridae.

The Cardiophorinae are a group of click beetles united by the presence of two sublateral carinae and incisions on the base of the pronotum, a truncate prosternal spine, a cordate scutellum, and larvae with exodont mandibles (Calder 1996).

Characters (from Calder 1996): Head more or less convex anteriorly. Frontoclypeal region raised above plane of labrum forming wide transverse region between basal articulations of antennae. Frontal carina complete across front between eyes. Pronotum usually wider than long, occasionally as wide as long. Base of pronotum with two sublateral carinae and incisions. Prosternal spine (posterior to procoxae) about same length as coxal diameter, truncate apically. Scutellum cordate with strongly pointed apex. Meso-trochantin not visible. Mesocoxal cavity closed to mesepisternum and mesepimeron. Hind wing with short radial cell; vein MP₄ without apparent cross vein to CuA₂; wedge cell absent; apex of wing membrane (without membrane) fairly long occupying at least one-quarter of length of wing membrane; apical sclerotisations various. Tarsomeres usually simple, tarsomere 4 strongly expanded laterally and cordiform in Cardiotarsus. Tarsal claws without basal setae on outer flat portion. Female genitalia with large glandular reservoir entering bursa copulatrix on mid-ventral surface.

<==Cardiophorinae [Cardiophorini, Esthesopinae]
    |--Cardiohypnus C96
    |--Agrypnella C96
    |--Patriciella Van Zwaluwenburg 1953 C96
    |    `--*P. australica (Van Zwaluwenburg 1953) [=*Patricia australica] C96
    |--Dicronychus [Dicronychidae] KB11
    |    |--D. cinereus KB11
    |    `--D. rubripes KB11
    |--Cardiotarsus Eschscholtz 1836 C96
    |    |--*C. capensis C96
    |    |--C. housaianus Kishii 1994 PS07
    |    |--C. mjobergi Carter 1939 C96
    |    `--C. taiwanus Kishii 1994 PS07
    |--Cardiophorus B14
    |    |--C. cinereus C01
    |    |--C. dilutus G89
    |    |--C. equiseti C01
    |    |--C. erichsoni KB11
    |    |--C. funebris G89
    |    |--C. hedenborgii G89
    |    |--C. jocularius G89
    |    |--C. notatus (Fabricius 1781) [=Elater notatus] B14
    |    |--C. rubripes C01
    |    |--C. rufipes C01
    |    `--C. sexmaculatus Lucas 1846 E12
    `--Paracardiophorus Schwarz 1895 C96
         |--*P. musculus [=Cardiotarsus musculus] C96
         |--P. alternatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. amabilis Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. antennalis Schwarz 1907 C96
         |--P. assimilis Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. atronotatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. attenuatipennis Elston 1930 C96
         |--P. australis (Candèze 1860) [=Horistonotus australis; incl. H. bicolor Rainbow 1904] C96
         |--P. bicolor (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus bicolor] C96
         |--P. carissimus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. compactus (Candèze 1882) [=Cardiophorus compactus] C96
         |--P. consobrinus (Candèze 1878) [=Horistonotus consobrinus] C96
         |--P. consputus (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus consputus] C96
         |--P. cooki Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. despectus (Candèze 1882) [=Cardiophorus despectus] C96
         |--P. dimidiatus Schwarz 1902 C96
         |--P. dissimilis Schwarz 1903 C96
         |--P. divisus (Candèze 1865) [=Cardiophorus divisus] C96
         |--P. dulcis Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. elevatus (Van Zwaluwenburg 1947) [=Cardiophorus elevatus] C96
         |--P. elisus (Candèze 1865) [=Horistonotus elisus] C96
         |--P. eucalypti (Blackburn 1892) [=Cardiophorus eucalypti] C96
         |--P. flavipennis (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus flavipennis] C96
         |--P. flavopictus (Carter 1939) [=Hypnoidus flavopictus] C96
         |--P. fulvosignatus (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus fulvosignatus] C96
         |--P. hamatus (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus hamatus] C96
         |--P. humilis (Candèze 1865) [=Cardiophorus humilis] C96
         |--P. jugulus Elston 1930 C96
         |--P. lenis (Candèze 1865) [=Horistonotus lenis] C96
         |--P. litoralis Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. longicornis (Candèze 1878) [=Horistonotus longicornis] C96
         |--P. macleayi (Schwarz 1907) (see below for synonymy) C96
         |--P. malkini (Van Zwaluwenburg 1947) [=Cardiophorus malkini] C96
         |--P. mastersii (Macleay 1872) [=Elater mastersii] C96
         |--P. minimus (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus minimus] C96
         |--P. mjobergi Elston 1930 C96
         |--P. moseri Schwarz 1902 C96
         |--P. nigrosuffusus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. occidentalis Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. octavus (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus octavus] C96
         |--P. octosignatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. pallidipennis (Candèze 1878) [=Cardiophorus pallidipennis] C96
         |--P. quadripunctatus (Blanchard 1853) [=Agriotes quadipunctatus] C96
         |--P. quadristellatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. rufopictus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. sexnotatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. stellatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. subcruciatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. subfasciatus Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. tumidithorax (Schwarz 1907) [=Cardiophorus tumidithorax, C. tumidicollis Schwarz 1907] C96
         |--P. vagus Schwarz 1907 C96
         |--P. varians Carter 1939 C96
         |--P. variegatus Schwarz 1902 C96
         |--P. venustus (Candèze 1860) [=Cardiophorus venustus] C96
         |--P. victoriensis (Blackburn 1892) [=Cardiophorus victoriensis] C96
         |--P. vittipennis Carter 1939 C96
         `--P. xanthomus (Candèze 1865) [=Horistonotus xanthomus] C96

Paracardiophorus macleayi (Schwarz 1907) [=Cardiophorus macleayi, C. quadrimaculatus Macleay 1888 non Motschulsky 1861] C96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[C96] Calder, A. A. 1996. Click beetles: genera of the Australian Elateridae (Coleoptera). CSIRO Australia: Collingwood.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[KB11] Kundrata, R., & L. Bocak. 2011. The phylogeny and limits of Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera): is there a common tendency of click beetles to soft-bodiedness and neoteny? Zoologica Scripta 40: 364–378.

[PS07] Platia, G., & R. Schimmel. 2007. Click beetles of Taiwan collected by the expeditions of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in the years 1995 to 2003 (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 99: 49–91.