Belongs within: Scarabaeoidea.
The Lucaninae are a group of stag beetles characterised by partial or complete division of the eye by a canthus, strongly geniculate antennae, and widely separated coxae. Most exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism though the sexes of species of Figulus and related genera are externally indistinguishable. Larvae are mostly found under fallen wood on which they feed; larvae of the South African genus Colophon live among and feed on the roots of shrubby vegetation (Moore & Cassis 1992).
<==Lucaninae B14
|--Chasiognathus grantii Stephens 1831 B14
|--Homoderinus B14
|--Cladognathus inclinatus Mas86, B66
|--Gnaphaloryx aper Mac86
|--Pycnosiphorus M78
|--Cacostomus Newman 1840 [incl. Lepidodes Westwood 1841] MC92
| `--*C. squamosus Newman 1840 [incl. Lucanus (*Lepidodes) rotundicollis Westwood 1841] MC92
|--Eucarteria Lea 1914 MC92
| `--*E. floralis Lea 1914 MC92
|--Hoplogonus Parry 1875 MC92
| `--*H. simsoni Parry 1875 MC92
|--Sphaenognathus Buquet 1838 MC92 [=Sphenognathus (l. c.) M78, Sphoenognathus (l. c.) M78]
| |--*S. prionoides Buquet 1838 MC92
| `--S. queenslandicus Moore 1878 MC92
|--Dorculus Didier 1930 MC92
| |--*D. bouvieri Didier 1930 MC92
| `--D. difformipes Didier 1930 MC92
|--Pseudodorcus Parry 1870 MC92
| |--*P. hydrophiloides (Hope & Westwood 1845) (see below for synonymy) MC92
| `--P. nitidus Didier 1926 MC92 [=Dorcus nitidus M78; incl. D. laevis Arrow 1943 MC92]
|--Eurytrachelus Mas86
| |--E. arfakianus Mas86
| `--E. platymelus B66
|--Colophon B14
| |--C. haughtoni Barnard 1929 B14
| |--C. izardi B14
| `--C. primosi B14
|--Cyclommatus B14
| |--C. albersii B14
| |--C. elaphus Gestro 1881 B14
| `--C. metallifer B14
|--Nigidius Mas86
| |--N. formosanus Bates 1866 B66
| |--N. obesus B66
| |--N. parryi Bates 1866 B66
| `--N. passaliformis Benesh 1943 B43
|--Odontolabis B14
| |--O. carinatus B66
| |--O. cuvera Hope 1842 B14
| |--O. mouhoti B14
| `--O. sinensis RD77
|--Homoderus B14
| |--H. gladiator B14
| |--H. johnstoni B14
| |--H. mellyi Parry 1862 B14
| `--H. taverniersi B14
|--Serrognathus Motschulsky 1861 MC92
| |--‘Lucanus’ titanus Boisduval 1835 [incl. *Serrognathus castanicolor Motschulsky 1861] MC92
| |--S. australicus Bomans 1985 MC92
| |--S. intermedius GE05
| `--S. wickhami (Waterhouse 1894) [=Eurytrachelus wickhami] MC92
|--Prosopocoilus Hope & Westwood 1845 [incl. Metopodontus Hope & Westwood 1845] MC92
| |--*P. cavifrons (Hope & Westwood 1845) [=Lucanus cavifrons] MC92
| |--P. bison (Olivier 1789) [=Lucanus bison] MC92
| |--‘Lucanus’ downesii Hope & Westwood 1845 [=L. (*Metopodontus) downesii] MC92
| |--P. duplodentatus Benesh 1943 B43
| |--P. rubens Didier 1927 B43
| `--P. torresensis (Deyrolle 1870) MC92 [=Metopodontus torresensis MC92, Cladognathus torresensis Mas86]
|--Lucanus Linnaeus 1758 MC92
| |--L. capreolus G20
| |--L. caraboides L02
| |--L. cervus Im92
| |--L. elaphus Fabricius 1775 B14
| |--L. gamunus Sawada & Watanabe 1960 Iw92
| |--L. metallifer Boisduval 1835 B35
| `--L. parallelipipedus L02
|--Rhyssonotus Macleay 1819 MC92
| |--R. foveolatus (Thunberg 1806) ZS10, MC92 (see below for synonymy)
| |--R. costatus Carter 1929 MC92
| |--R. grandis Lea 1915 MC92
| |--R. jugularis Westwood 1863 MC92
| |--R. laticeps Macleay 1885 MC92
| |--R. parallelus Deyrolle 1881 MC92
| `--R. politus Carter 1921 MC92
|--Aegus Macleay 1819 [incl. Paraegus Gahan 1888] MC92
| |--*A. chelifer Macleay 1819 MC92 [=Lucanus chelifer B35]
| |--A. capitatus B66
| |--A. formosae Bates 1866 B66
| |--A. glaber Parry 1864 Mac86
| |--A. jansoni Boileau 1905 [incl. A. subbasilis Lea 1914] MC92
| |--A. laevicollis B66
| |--A. listeri (Gahan 1888) [=*Paraegus listeri] MC92
| `--A. platyodon Parry 1862 Mac86
|--Lissapterus Deyrolle 1986 MC92
| |--*L. howittanus (Westwood 1863) [=Dorcus howittanus, Lissotes howittanus] MC92
| |--L. darlingtoni Bomans 1986 MC92
| |--L. grammicus (Lea 1919) [=Lissotes grammicus; incl. Lissa. hopsoni Carter 1921] MC92
| |--L. notestinei Bomans 1986 MC92
| |--L. obesus Bomans 1986 MC92
| |--L. ogivus Bomans 1986 MC92
| |--L. pelorides (Westwood 1855) [=Dorcus pelorides; incl. L. montivagus Benesh 1943] MC92
| `--L. tetrops Lea 1916 MC92
|--Figulus Macleay 1819 MC92
| |--*F. striatus (Olivier 1789) [=Lucanus striatus] MC92
| |--F. boileaui Bomans 1986 MC92
| |--F. howei de Lisle 1967 MC92
| |--F. laevithorax Bomans 1987 MC92
| |--F. lilliputanus Westwood 1855 [incl. F. clivinoides Thomson 1862] MC92
| |--F. mento Albers 1883 [incl. F. mento foveatus Kriesche 1922] MC92
| |--F. nitens Waterhouse 1874 MC92
| |--F. regularis Westwood 1834 [incl. F. australicus Thomson 1862, F. pacificus Dejean 1836] MC92
| |--F. rossi Gahan 1900 MC92
| |--F. sulcicollis Hope & Westwood 1845 MC92
| |--F. tambourinensis Mjöberg 1916 MC92
| `--F. trilobus Westwood 1838 MC92 [=Nigidius trilobus Mas86]
`--Lissotes Westwood 1855 MC92
|--*L. menalcas Westwood 1855 MC92
|--L. abditus B27
|--L. basilaris Deyrolle 1881 MC92
|--L. cancroides (Fabricius 1787) [=Lucanus cancroides; incl. Li. subtuberculatus Westwood 1855] MC92
|--L. convexus Lea 1910 MC92
|--L. cornutus Boileau 1905 MC92
|--L. crenatus Westwood 1855 MC92
|--L. curvicornis (Boisduval 1835) MC92 [=Dorcus curvicornis MC92, Lucanus curvicornis B35]
|--L. darlingtoni Benesh 1843 MC92
|--L. desmaresti Deyrolle 1881 MC92
|--L. distinctus Deyrolle 1881 MC92
|--L. forcipula Westwood 1871 MC92
|--L. furcicornis Westwood 1871 MC92
|--L. globosus Bomans 1986 MC92
|--L. helmsi H15
|--L. kershawi Lea 1918 MC92
|--L. lacroixi Bomans 1986 MC92
|--L. laticollis Lea 1910 MC92
|--L. latidens Westwood 1871 MC92
|--L. launcestoni Westwood 1871 MC92
|--L. macrocephalus Bomans 1986 MC92
|--L. mangonuiensis Brookes 1927 B27
|--L. novaezealandiae B43
|--L. obtusatus (Westwood 1838) [=Dorcus obtusatus; incl. L. opacus Deyrolle 1870, L. parvus Lea 1910] MC92
|--L. politus Lea 1910 MC92
|--L. punctatus Lea 1910 MC92
|--L. reticulatus WH02
|--L. rodwayi Lea 1910 MC92
|--L. rudis Lea 1910 MC92
|--L. stewarti B27
|--L. subcaeruleus Bomans 1986 MC92
`--L. subcrenatus Westwood 1871 MC92
*Pseudodorcus hydrophiloides (Hope & Westwood 1845) [=Lucanus (Dorcus) hydrophiloides; incl. Dorcus carbonarius Westwood 1863] MC92
Rhyssonotus foveolatus (Thunberg 1806) ZS10, MC92 [=Lucanus foveolatus MC92; incl. L. nebulosus Kirby 1818 MC92, *Rhyssonotus nebulosus MC92]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[B66] Bates, H. W. 1866. On a collection of Coleoptera from Formosa sent home by R. Swinhoe, Esq., H. B. M. Consul, Formosa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 339–355.
[B43] Benesh, B. 1943. Descriptions of some new exotic species of stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Psyche 50: 37–49.
[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.
[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).
[B27] Brookes, A. E. 1927. A new genus and three new species of Coleoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 563–566.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.
[Im92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.
[Iw92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.
[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.
[Mac86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 136–157.
[Mas86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 21–126.
[M78] Moore, B. P. 1978. A new Australian stag beetle (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) with Neotropical affinities. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 17: 99–103.
[MC92] Moore, B. P., & G. Cassis. 1992. Lucanidae. In: Houston, W. W. K. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 9. Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea pp. 4–19. AGPS Press: Canberra.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).
[ZS10] Zborowski, P., & R. Storey. 2010. A Field Guide to Insects in Australia 3rd ed. Reed New Holland: Sydney.
Last updated: 5 May 2021.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Markup Key:
- <b>bold</b> = bold
- <i>italic</i> = italic
- <a href="http://www.fieldofscience.com/">FoS</a> = FoS