Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.
Contains: Kladothrips, Hoplothrips, Carathrips, Eugynothrips, Holopothrips, Liothrips, Teuchothrips, Leeuweniini, Gynaikothrips.
The Hoplothripini was defined by Priesner (1960) as a group of phlaeothripid thrips with wings usually even in width or narrowed towards the middle and then parallel-sided, rarely expanded towards the end, and with reticulation rarely present. This was explicitly intended as a residual assemblage of genera lacking the characters of more distinctive tribes within Phlaeothripinae; as such, it is almost certainly not monophyletic. Nevertheless, the core of this assemblage may correspond to the Liothrips lineage of leaf-feeding thrips which usually have one sense cone on antennal segment III and three on segment IV, undeveloped pronotal basantra, and parallel-sided fore wings (Mound & Marullo 1996).
Characters (from Priesner 1960): Wings usually even in width or narrowed towards the middle and then parallel-sided, rarely expanded towards the end. Reticulation rarely present.
<==Hoplothripini P60
| i. s.: Dyscolothrips Mamet 1967 M04
| `--D. priesneri M04
| Pygmaeothrips Karny 1920 M70, MM96 [incl. Micropsothrips De Santis 1950 MM96, Polyporothrips Watson 1927 MM96]
| `--P. angusticeps (Hood 1908) MM96 (see below for synonymy)
|--Dactylothrips [Dactylothripina] P60
| |--D. priscus A78
| `--D. tasmani A78
|--Hoodiana [Hoodianina] P60
|--Rhinoceps Faure 1949 MM96 [Rhinocipitina P60]
| `--*R. jansei Faure 1949 [incl. R. cornutus Zur Strassen 1972] MM96
|--Cephalothripina P60
| |--Gnophothrips Hood & Williams 1915 P60, MM96
| | `--G. fuscus (Morgan 1913) (see below for synonymy) MM96
| `--Jacotia P60
| |--J. glyptus MDT13
| |--J. idaeus MDT13
| |--J. palmerae MDT13
| `--J. rhodorcha Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
|--Lispothrips Reuter 1899 MM96 [Lispothripina P60]
| |--*L. wasastjernae Reuter 1899 MM96
| |--L. birdi Moulton 1929 MM96
| |--L. brevicruralis (Shull 1909) [=Trichothrips brevicruralis] MM96
| |--L. crassipes (Jablonowski 1894) [=Phloeothrips crassipes] MM96
| |--L. populi Moulton 1929 MM96
| `--L. salicarius (Hood 1913) [=Rhynchothrips salicarius; incl. L. varicornis Moulton 1929] MM96
|--Cercothripina P60
| |--Cercothrips P60
| | |--C. nigrodentatus A78
| | `--C. priesneri A78
| `--Gigantothrips Zimmermann 1900 P60, MM96
| |--*G. elegans Zimmerman 1900 MM96
| |--G. afer A78
| |--G. halidayi (Newman 1855) [=Idolothrips halidayi] MP83
| |--G. nigrodentatus MM96
| |--G. priesneri A78
| |--G. rossi Moulton 1947 MM96
| `--G. seshadrii MM96
|--Kladothripina P60
| |--Alocothrips hadrocerus P60, A78
| |--Amothrips P60
| |--Chelaeothrips P60
| | |--C. annamensis A78
| | `--C. idoliceps A78
| |--Choleothrips P60
| | |--C. geijerae A78
| | `--C. percnus A78
| |--Dimorphothrips P60
| | |--D. idoliceps A78
| | |--D. microchaetus A78
| | `--D. solitus A78
| |--Eurynothrips P60
| |--Grypothrips P60
| | |--G. curiosus Girault 1927 G27
| | `--G. mantis Karny 1924 GM79
| |--Kellyia P60
| | |--K. biadenes P73
| | `--K. hoodianus A78
| |--Koptothrips P60
| | |--K. distritus A78
| | |--K. flavicornis A78
| | |--K. xenus A78
| | `--K. zelus A78
| |--Moultonia P60
| |--Sumatrothrips filiceps P60, A78
| |--Thaumatothrips froggatti Karny 1922 P60, M70
| |--Kladothrips BMW13
| |--Oncothrips P60
| | |--O. antennatus LD04
| | |--O. habrus LD04
| | |--O. morrisi LD04
| | |--O. rodwayi LD04
| | |--O. schwarzi LD04
| | |--O. sterni LD04
| | |--O. tepperi [incl. Brithothrips fuscus] A78
| | |--O. torus LD04
| | `--O. waterhousei LD04
| |--Onychothrips P60
| | |--O. arotrum LD04
| | |--O. hakeae A78
| | |--O. pilbara LD04
| | `--O. zygus LD04
| |--Byctothrips ayyari A78
| |--Csirothrips A78
| |--Katothrips A78
| | |--K. brevitibia (Girault 1928) P73, G28b [=Watsoniella brevitibia P73]
| | |--K. hyrum A78
| | |--K. pendulae A78
| | |--K. tityrus A78
| | `--K. yamma A78
| `--Warithrips A78
`--Hoplothripina [Liothripinae] M70
| i. s.: Hoplothrips MDT13
| Acaciothrips P60
| Adelphothrips tristis P60, A78
| Aliothrips elegantulus P60, A78
| Arrhenothrips P60
| |--A. acuminatus A78
| |--A. dhumrapaksha A78
| |--A. pacificus A78
| `--A. ramakrishnae Hood 1912 A78
| Athlibothrips P60
| Austrothrips cochinchinensis P60, A78
| Brachythrips P60
| Carathrips P60
| Cephenothrips P60
| Chaetokarnyia P60
| Coryphothrips trochiceps P60, A78
| Eugynothrips P60
| Eumorphothrips P60
| Eurhynchothrips flavicornis P60, A78
| Holopothrips P60
| Isotrichothrips P60
| Leptoliothrips P60
| Liophloeothrips P60
| Liothrips P60
| Litotetothrips P60
| Mallothrips indicus P60, A78
| Manothrips P60
| Megeugynothrips efflatouni P60, A78
| Mesicothrips plicans P60, A78
| Mimothrips longicornis P60, A78
| Odontoplothrips P60
| Necrothrips P60
| Nephothrips P60
| Parateuchothrips P60
| Phasmothrips asparatus P60, A78
| Pnigmothrips P60
| Prosantothrips hyalopterus P60, A78
| Ramakrishnaiella P60
| Sauridothrips P60
| Scelothrips P60
| Sunaitiothrips P60
| Syringothrips gallicola P60, A78
| Tetradothrips foliiperda P60, A78
| Thlibothrips P60
| |--T. atavus A78
| `--T. nigricaudus A78
| Tolmetothrips granti P60, A78
| Vuilletia houardi P60, A78
| Xiphidothrips tambourisae P60, A78
| Zelotothrips fuscipennis P60, A78
| Holcothrips Hood 1954 P60, MM96
| `--*H. achmaeae Hood 1954 MM96
| Neothrips Hood 1908 P60, MM96
| `--*N. corticis Hood 1908 MM96
| Plagiothrips Priesner 1968 P60, MM96
| `--*P. eugeniae (Costa Lima 1935) (see below for synonymy) MM96
| Neocecidothrips Bagnall 1929 P60, M08
| |--*N. bursariae (Moulton 1927) (see below for synonymy) M08
| `--N. curviseta (Girault 1926) [=Horistothrips curviseta] M08
| Hindsiothrips Stannard 1958 P60, MM96
| |--*H. pullatus (Hood 1925) [=Hindsiana pullata] MM96
| |--H. bonesi [incl. H. oettingeni] MM96
| `--H. robustisetis (Watson & Preer 1939) [=Eurythrips robustisetis] MM96
| Trybomia Karny 1911 P60, MM96 [incl. Ommatothrips Hood 1915 MM96]
| |--T. intermedius (Bagnall 1910) (see below for synonymy) MM96
| |--T. brevitubus (Moulton 1929) [=Diceratothrips brevitubus] MM96
| |--T. elongatus (Bagnall 1910) [=Liothrips elongatus] MM96
| |--T. gossypii (Hood 1915) [=*Ommatothrips gossypii] MM96
| `--T. mendesi Moulton 1933 MM96
| Trichinothrips Bagnall 1929 P60, MM96
| |--*T. branderi Bagnall 1929 MM96
| |--T. callipechys Hood 1952 MM96
| |--T. latifrons Hood 1956 MM96
| |--T. panamensis Hood 1935 MM96
| |--T. pusillus Hood 1954 MM96
| `--T. sensilis Hood 1952 MM96
| Horistothrips Morgan 1913 P60, M08 [incl. Aspidothrips Karny 1920 M08]
| |--*H. australiae Morgan 1913 (see below for synonymy) M08
| |--H. claruspilus M08
| |--H. magnafemora M08
| |--H. pallidispinosus M08
| |--H. platygaster (Karny 1920) (see below for synonymy) M08
| `--H. quadriconus Girault 1928 G28a
| Akthethrips Mound 1970 M70
| `--*A. strobus Mound 1970 M70
| Aclystothrips A78
| |--A. aberrans A78
| `--A. priesneri A78
| Ayyarothrips abstrusus A78
| Carius malagassus A78
| Corycidothrips inquilinus A78
| Crotonothrips A78
| |--C. coorgensis A78
| |--C. dantahasta A78
| |--C. davidi A78
| |--C. dhirgavadana A78
| |--C. dissimilis A78
| |--C. gallarum A78
| |--C. memecylonicus A78
| `--C. mimicus A78
| Dixothrips onerosus A78
| Eothrips A78
| |--E. coimbatorensis A78
| |--E. crassicornis A78
| |--E. laticauda A78
| `--E. schouteniae A78
| Liophlaeothrips A78
| |--L. ablusus A78
| |--L. cecidii A78
| |--L. curtus A78
| |--L. longus A78
| |--L. segnis A78
| `--L. vichitravarna A78
| Lygothrips jambuvasi A78
| Mixothrips Stannard 1968 A78, MM96
| |--*M. craigheadi Stannard 1968 MM96
| `--M. nakaharai Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
| Phorinothrips A78
| |--P. loranthi A78
| `--P. minusculus A78
| Psenothrips priesneri A78
| Sphingothrips trachypogon A78
| Synergothrips prolatus A78
| Schedothrips A78
| |--S. orientalis A78
| `--S. tumidus A78
| Senegothrips coutini A78
|--+--Teuchothrips BMW13
| `--Heligmothrips Mound 1970 BMW13, M08
| |--*H. erinaceus (Karny 1920) [=Trichothrips erinaceus; incl. Teuchothrips fuscipennis Moulton 1968] M70
| |--H. brevidens (Hood 1918) (see below for synonymy) M70
| |--H. eiletus Mound 1970 M70
| |--H. frickeri Mound 1970 M70
| `--H. gracilior (Hood 1918) (see below for synonymy) M70
`--+--Leeuweniini BMW13
`--Gynaikothrips BMW13
Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan 1913) [=Trichothrips fuscus; incl. *G. megaceps, G. piniphilus Crawford 1938] MM96
Heligmothrips brevidens (Hood 1918) [=Liothrips brevidens, Teuchothrips brevidens; incl. T. spinosus Moulton 1968] M70
Heligmothrips gracilior (Hood 1918) [=Liothrips gracilior, Teuchothrips gracilior; incl. T. albipennis Moulton 1968] M70
*Horistothrips australiae Morgan 1913 [incl. H. corticis Girault 1929, Elaphrothrips thoreauini Girault 1929] M08
Horistothrips platygaster (Karny 1920) [=*Aspidothrips platygaster; incl. H. calvus Karny 1920, H. impennis Karny 1920, H. ischnosoma Karny 1920] M08
*Neocecidothrips bursariae (Moulton 1927) [=Eothrips bursariae; incl. Cryptothrips schilleri Girault 1927, Teuchothrips schilleri] M08
*Plagiothrips eugeniae (Costa Lima 1935) [=Gynaikothrips eugeniae, Homorothrips eugeniae, Mixothrips eugeniae] MM96
Pygmaeothrips angusticeps (Hood 1908) MM96 [=Trichothrips angusticeps MM96; incl. Poecilothrips biformis Moulton 1934 MM96, *Pygmaeothrips columniceps Karny 1920 MM96, Hoplothrips dallasi Moulton 1933 MM96, Py. ferecaecus Priesner 1929 MM96, *Micropsothrips ganodermae De Santis 1950 MM96, *Polyporothrips longipilosus Watson 1927 MM96, Liothrips priscus Karny 1920 M70, L. silvifilia Girault 1927 MM96, G27]
Trybomia intermedius (Bagnall 1910) [=Liothrips intermedius; incl. T. fiebrigi Priesner 1921, *T. phasma Karny 1911] MM96
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.
[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.
[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. II. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 214–215).
[G28a] Girault, A. A. 1928a. Some new hexapods stolen from authority. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 221–224).
[G28b] Girault, A. A. 1928b. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225–228).
[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.
[LD04] Lin, C.-P., & B. N. Danforth. 2004. How do insect nuclear and mitochondrial gene substitution patterns differ? Insights from Bayesian analyses of combined datasets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 686–702.
[M70] Mound, L. A. 1970. Convoluted maxillary stylets and the systematics of some phlaeothripine Thysanoptera from Casuarina trees in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 18: 439–463.
[M04] Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian long-tailed gall thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae, Leeuweniini), with comments on related Old World taxa. Australian Journal of Entomology 43: 28–37.
[M08] Mound, L. A. 2008. Identification and host associations of some Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae described from Australia pre-1930. Zootaxa 1714: 41–60.
[MDT13] Mound, L. A., L.-H. Dang & D. J. Tree. 2013. Genera of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera) from dead branches and leaf-litter in Australia. Zootaxa 3681 (3): 201–224.
[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.
[MP83] Mound, L. A., & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1–174.
[P73] Pitkin, B. R. 1973. A revision of the Australian Haplothripini, with descriptions of three new species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Aust. Ent. Soc. 12: 315–339.
[P60] Priesner, H. 1960. Das System der Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 13: 283–296.
[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.
Last updated: 26 April 2022.
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